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Topic: Halkomelem

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	Halkomelem - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Halkomelem (Halq'emÃ©ylem) is a Salish language of the First Nations around the Fraser river and the southern end of Vancouver Island in British Columbia.
		The word "Halkomelem" is an anglicization for a language with three dialects : Halq'emÃ©ylem, the dialect spoken by the upriver StÃ³:lÅ of the Fraser Valley, Hun'qumi'num', the dialect of the downriver StÃ³:lÅ, and Hul'q'umÃn'um', spoken by the Nanoose, Nanaimo, Chemainus, Cowichan, and Malahat people of Vancouver Island.
		The Halkomelem language is near extinction largely due to the extensive transportation of First Nations children to residential schools.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Halkomelem (243 words)

	The Halkomelem Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Halkomelem is a cover term for a language that has different names in its three dialects.
		The Upriver dialect, Halq'eméylem, is spoken in the Fraser Valley upriver from Sumas as far as Spuzzum.
		The English name Halkomelem is an anglicization of a compromise among the terms used in the three dialects.
	www.ydli.org /langs/halkomelem.htm (140 words)

	Brent Galloway - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He has done linguistic field work with Haisla Kwakiutl and Upriver Halkomelem (from 1970), Nooksack (from 1974), the Samish dialect of Northern Straits Salish (from 1984), and Gullah (from 1994).
		He there developed the StÃ³:lÅ Halkomelem orthography which was subsequently adopted officially and is now in wide use throughout the Fraser Valley.
		He also compiled the first grammar of Upriver Halkomelem, published in 1977, plus treatises on the region's ethnobotany and ethnozoology.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Brent_Galloway (250 words)

	Probert Encyclopaedia: Language (H) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Halia is a language spoken in Papua New Guinea.
		Halkomelem is a Salishan language spoken in Canada.
		Halo Te Su is a Nambiquaran language spoken in Brazil.
	www.probertencyclopaedia.com /WH.HTM (1582 words)

	Halkomelem - Result for Halkomelem - Meaning of Halkomelem - Definition of Halkomelem - Dictionary of Meaning - ...
		'''Halkomelem''' (Halq'eméylem) is a Coast Salish Salish language of the First Nations around the Fraser river and the southern end of Vancouver Island in British Columbia.
		The word "Halkomelem" is an anglicization for a language with three dialects : ''Halq'eméylem'', the dialect spoken by the upriver Stó:lo Stó:lō of the Fraser Valley, ''
		In 1977 Brent Galloway of the University of California at Berkeley compiled the first grammar of Upriver Halkomelem Upriver (Chilliwack) Halkomelem and developed the now-official Stó:lō orthography.
	www.mauspfeil.net /Halkomelem.html (218 words)

	Untitled
		There are three dialects within the Halkomelem language: Halq'eméylem dialect spoken by the upriver Stó:lo or Fraser people; Hun'qumi'num' dialect spoken by downriver Stó:lo people; and Hul'q'umín'um' dialect spoken in Vancouver island by the following peoples: Nanoose, Nanaimo, Chemainus, Cowichan, and Malahat.
		The Halkomelem language area covers the Fraser River and its estuaries, the coast of the Lower Mainland and the north coast of Vancouver Island.
		These sound changes are part of a general fronting of consonants in Halkomelem that have also sifted Proto-Salishan k and k' to c and c'.
	www.lerc.educ.ubc.ca /LERC/courses/489/worldlang/halkomelem/catguyjen.htm (1346 words)

	Halkomelem Bibliography
		Galloway, Brent D. "Reduplication in the Chilliwack Dialect of Halkomelem (with a Sketch of Phonemics)," International Conference on Salishan Languages 8.
		Gerdts, Donna B. "A Relational Analysis of Halkomelem Causals," in Eung-Do Cook and Donna Gerdts (eds.) Syntax and Semantics 16: The Syntax of Native American Languages (New York: Academic Press) pp.
		Leslie, Adrian R. A Grammar of the Cowichan Dialect of Halkomelem Salish.
	www.ydli.org /biblios/halkbib.htm (1078 words)

	The Halkomelem Language
		The term Halkomelem is a term used by linguists to group together a number of closely related dialects spoken in the lower mainland and southern Vancouver Island, British Columbia.
		Please note that the language names in âquotesâ are in common use in English, but may inaccurately represent the nations in question.
		A slightly modified verstion of this type of orthography is what one is likely to encounter in linguistic descriptions of any Halkomelem language.
	www.languagegeek.com /salishan/halkomelem.html (415 words)

	Salish, Central Coast
		Three of these groups are known by indigenous names: Halkomelem, the largest group, and Squamish bear the names for their respective languages; Nooksack, now entirely in Washington state, is an anglicization of the native name by which other Coast Salish groups knew them.
		The fourth group, living in both BC and Washington state, has no all-encompassing name for itself and is currently known as Straits Salish.
		Members of all 4 groups fished the Fraser, but most favourably situated were Halkomelem, who fished with dip nets and large trawl nets towed between CANOES.
	www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com /index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0001484 (220 words)

	The Semiahmoo People of the Straits Salish.
		The Kwantlen settlements where largely on the north bank of the Fraser as the south shore was subject to flooding in the freshet season.
		The territory of the Semiahmoo included the eastern shore of Point Roberts, the shores of Boundary Bay, South Surrey, the drainage basins of Dakota, California, and Terrell Creeks, and the shores of Semiahmoo Bay and Drayton Harbor, and the shores of Birch Bay.
		To the north of the Semiahmoo was a small Halkomelem- speaking group called the Snokomish.
	members.shaw.ca /j.a.brown/Semi.html (1006 words)

	individual book page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		But G. is particularly interested in semantics, and in two lengthy chapters (Semantics and Sememics, and Morphosememics) he describes the basic semantic domain memberships of Halkomelem lexemes and analyzes the systematic alternations of meaning in derivation.
		To handle these topics G. has developed his own theory of semantics, one that relies heavily on componential analysis and is related, to some extent, to models developed a generation ago by Nida and Lamb.
		An appendix surveys “the allosemes and semantic territory” of Halkomelem color terminology, and summarizes work G. has done in collaboration with Robert McLaury.
	linguistics.buffalo.edu /ssila/books/indbook/b327.htm (254 words)

	A-Subjects and Control in Halkomelem (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		We discuss evidence in Halkomelem, a Coast Salish language of British Columbia, which supports the hypothesis put forward by Manning and Sag (1999) that a universal passive argument structure (ARG-ST) is complex and has two a-subjects.
		We argue that morphological and syntactic control phenomena in Halkomelem are best described by saying that an a-subject is accessible, where an a-subject is the first argument on an argument structure list.
		Control facts in Halkomelem, with examples drawn from both morphological and syntactic constructions, can be added to the catalog of phenomenon that support this view of the passive.
	csli-publications.stanford.edu /HPSG/HPSG00/hpsg00gerdts-hukari.html (210 words)

	Untitled Document
		In 1890 early anthropologist Charles Hill-Tout wrote, “their (Kwantlen) territories extended from the mouth of the south arm of the Fraser up to the present settlement of Hatzic, which is about sixty miles from salt water.
		The Kwantlen are Sto:lo people, or “river people” who depend upon the river and land for their survival and livelihood.
		The Sto:lo share a common language known a Halkomelem (Halq'eméylem), of the Coast Salish language family.
	www.kwantlenfn.ca /html/history.html (866 words)

	Halkomelem Morphology
		The overt marking of transitivity, the variety of tests for class membership, and the rich evidence for inflectional transitivity make Halkomelem a well-suited language for the study of these questions.
		Workshop on Structure and Constituency in the Languages of the Americas 7, University of Alberta, March 2002.
		Multiple Antipassives in Halkomelem Salish, in Proceedings of the Twenty-sixth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, University of California, Berkeley, California.
	web.uvic.ca /ling/research/halkomelem (402 words)

	GeoNative - Halq'eméylem - Halkomelem
		Halkomelem (zuzen idatzia: Halq'eméylem) Salish familiako hizkuntza da Kolunbia Britainiarrean, Fraser ibaiaren ibarretan eta Vancouver uhartearen hegoaldean mintzo dena.
		Halkomelem (properly written Halq'eméylem) is a Salish language spoken in British Columbia, around the Fraser river and in the southern end of Vancouver Island.
		Unpublished map, copy at Stó:lo Nation Archives, Sardis; Charles Hill-Tout (1904) Ethnological Report for the StsEe'lis and Sk'au'lits Tribes of the Halkomelem Division of the Salish.
	www.geocities.com /geonative/halkomelem.html (422 words)

	halkomelem email (spam-free!) and website community
		It can be used for anything: the halkomelem surname, the halkomelem family, the halkomelem fan club, the halkomelem alumni group, halkomelem genealogy, or any other community or group about halkomelem.
		This your chance to get a matching halkomelem email address, matching halkomelem website and matching halkomelem single sign-on "passport" (once these are commonly accepted).
		If you were looking for a different halkomelem, please do a halkomelem search here.
	www.halkomelem.pw (359 words)

	Kwantlen
		The Kwantlen were formerly one of the most powerful and extensive of the river Halkomelem tribes.
		Mid-summer runs were immense and the people spoke of the river being so thick with fish that one could “walk on their backs”.
		This strengthened the linguistic and cultural bonds of the Halkomelem.
	members.shaw.ca /j.a.brown/Kwantlen.html (2186 words)

	Snuneymuxw Statement of Intent: BC Treaty Commission (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		They speak the Island dialect of Halkomelem along with the Nanoose, the Chemainus and the Cowichan.
		Another dialect of Halkomelem is spoken along the lower Fraser, from the river mouth up to Yale.
		Mainland Halkomelem speaking groups on the Lower Fraser which may have an interest in the former Nanaimo village site and other sites on the Lower Fraser River.
	www.bctreaty.net /soi_2/soisnuneymuxw.html (461 words)

	UW Press: Search Books in Print
		Here is the long-awaited grammar of the Musqueam dialect of Halkomelem, which Wayne Suttles began work on in the late 1950s.
		Halkomelem is one of the twenty-three languages that belong to the Salish Family.
		With information on kinship, space and time, names of people and places, and the history of work on Halkomelem, this is perhaps the fullest account of any Salish language.
	www.washington.edu /uwpress/search/books/SUTMUS.html (212 words)

	mossE PUBLISHING House (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		From May to July they would go to Qayqayt where they would catch and dry sockeye, in what was once the greatest rainforest in North America.
		They were the largest group on the lower Stó:lō, and occupied or controlled more than half of the Halkomelem lands of the Mainland.
		Their settlements were largely on the north bank of the Stó:lō as the south shore was subject to flooding.
	mosse.ca /articles/qayqayt.htm (1183 words)

	Martina Wiltschko's Home Page
		The main languages I am studying are from the Salish family as well as Germanic.
		For the past six years I have been doing field-work on Upriver Halkomelem (in Chilliwack, BC) and more recently also on Squamish.
		Wiltschko, M. (to appear) Tense on D and its consequences for Case Theory.
	www.linguistics.ubc.ca /People/martina.htm (571 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Halkomelem
		Search Amazon.com for books about your topic, "Halkomelem"
		Search for Magazine Articles on " Halkomelem "
		Exclusively for MSN Encarta Premium Subscribers--quickly search thousands of articles from magazines such as Time, Newsweek, The Atlantic Monthly, and Smithsonian.
	encarta.msn.com /Halkomelem.html (135 words)

	Web Resources - thegreenpages.ca (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		For thousands of years the Halkomelem people have lived in what is now southwestern British Columbia.
		Vast amounts of information concerning the plants and animals of the region have been passed down from generation to generation through the oral medium of the Halkomelem language.
		This Web site, which will be under development for many more years, represents just a small fraction of the knowledge of the Halkomelem people on this topic.
	www.thegreenpages.ca /web_resources/links.asp?termsID=228 (109 words)

	Ubcpress.ca :: University of British Columbia Press
		Halkomelem, one of the twenty-three languages that belong to the Salish Family, is spoken in three distinct forms: Upriver, by the Stó:lo‘ of the Fraser Valley; Downriver, of which Musqueam is the only surviving representative; and Island, spoken by the Nanaimo and Cowichan of Vancouver Island.
		The grammar covers the usual topics of phonology, morphology, and syntax, illustrated by numerous sentences selected for their cultural relevance, providing insight into traditional practices, social relations, and sense of humour.
		There are also chapters on kinship and on space and time as well as five texts and appendices giving an index of grammatical elements, names of places and peoples, and the history of work on Halkomelem.
	www.ubcpress.ubc.ca /search/title_book.asp?BookID=2362 (427 words)

	Native Languages Spoken in the Gulf of Georgia Area
		There are ten different languages spoken among the Central Coast Salish cultures, all of which belong to the Central Coast branch of the Salishan language family.
		In addition to the ten Central Coast Salish languages, there are 13 other languages in the Salishan language family.
		Although several efforts have been made at language revival, there is a crisis in language today, with the real possibility of the upriver dialect of Halq'eméylem becoming extinct within a generation.
	www3.bc.sympatico.ca /thom/language.htm (589 words)

	Encyclopedia of North American Indians - - Salishan Languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Central Coast Salish, centered in the border homeland, includes Comox, Sechelt, Pentlatch, Squamish, Nooksak, Halkomelem (including Chilliwack, Musqueam, and Cowichan), Straits (including intergrading Sooke, Saanich, Songhees, Lummi, Samish, Semiahmoo, and Klallam, the most distinct), Twana, and Lushootseed (Puget).
		Nevertheless, English and television are seriously eroding the perpetuation of these languages, which survive better in Canada, with its polyglot governmental policies, than in the United States.
		In Canada, some Salishan languages became extinct not because they were replaced by English but because so many speakers of another Salishan language had married into the community that the old language was replaced by another Salishan example; for instance, Halkomelem replaced Nooksak, and Pentlatch shifted to Comox.
	college.hmco.com /history/readerscomp/naind/html/na_034200_salishanlang.htm (1037 words)

	Hul'qumi'num Treaty Group (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Gerdts (l977) suggests there may be three Island dialects: Nanaimo, Chemainus, and Cowichan.
		In a larger context, we can say that the language is also spoken on the mainland, because the lower Fraser River dialects (e.g., Musqueam) and the upper Fraser River dialects of Halkomelem (or Halq'eméylem) are similar to Hul'q'umi'num' on Vancouver Island.
		While linguists view Hul'q'umi'num', Musqueam, and Halkomelem as dialects of a common language, we think it is also appropriate to speak of each of them as a separate language, which is closely related to the other two.
	www.hulquminum.bc.ca /languages.html (747 words)

	nwc_bib_g_h_i (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Galloway, B.D. A grammar of Chilliwack Halkomelem, University of California, Berkeley Ph.D. dissertation.
		Galloway, Brent D. A Grammar of Chilliwack Halkomelem, University of California Publications in Linguistics 96, Berkeley.
		Gerdts, Donna B. A Dialect Survey of Halkomelem Salish, Unpublished M.A. Thesis in Linguistics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver.
	ctl.unbc.ca /anderson/bib/nwcbibg.html (5292 words)

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