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Topic: Hallux

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	Conservative Treatment of Hallux Limitu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The primary role of the hallux is to dorsiflex on the metatarsal during the propulsive phase of gait so that the body’s center of mass can pass forward from the loaded foot to the opposite foot, with this action being completely essential to normal bipedal motion.
		Traditionally, hallux limitus was divided into two classifications, primary hallux limitus and secondary hallux limitus (associated with older individuals) with the primary form being attributed to intermittent trauma and the secondary form being attributed to hallux valgus, gout and rheumatoid arthritis.
		The hallux is distracted (gradually pulled distally) for 15 seconds, the thumb of the of the opposite hand is placed at the base of the of the first metatarsal, and thrust is applied to the hallux to dorsiflex it and the base of the first metatsarsal is shifted laterally.
	www.podiatry.curtin.edu.au /encyclopedia/halluxlimitus2 (2711 words)

	NORMAL VERSUS PATHOLOGIC ANATOMY OF HALLUX ABDUCTO VALGUS <
		Hallux abducto valgus (HAV) is a progressive degeneration of the 1st metatarsal phalangeal joint (MPJ) which demonstrates all the classic features of osteoarthritis.
		Gray (2000) describes that due to the lateral deviation of the hallux on the metatarsal disuse atrophy of the articular cartilage occurs and the subchondral bone erodes.
		The lateral deviation of the hallux and the sesamoid apparatus, aswell as the medial deviation of the first meatarsal., change the momentary forces of the otherwise supportive musculature and ligaments.
	podiatry.curtin.edu.au /encyclopedia/hallux_abducto_valgus/hallux_abducto_valgus.html (2337 words)

	eMedicine - Hallux Rigidus : Article by Minoo Hadjari Hollis, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Hallux rigidus literally means "stiff great toe"; however, limitation of big toe motion is only one element of the range of symptoms that comprise the diagnosis of hallux rigidus.
		Hallux rigidus usually causes pain from impingement of dorsal osteophytes, range of motion (ROM) pain due to irregularity of the articular cartilage surface, pain from inflammation, and pain from shoe-related pressure on prominent osteophytes.
		Shereff MJ, Jahss MH: Complications of silastic implant arthroplasty in the hallux.
	www.emedicine.com /orthoped/topic125.htm (6746 words)

	Anatomy Modules: Radiographic Evaluation of Hallux Valgus
		Hallux valgus is not synonymous with bunion, which is derived from the same root as "bun" or "bunch", and means an area of swelling.
		The etiology of hallux valgus is somewhat controversial.
		Hallux valgus cannot be adequately assessed unless weight-bearing views are performed in the AP and lateral positions.
	www.rad.washington.edu /anatomy/modules/HalluxValgus/HalluxValgus.html (946 words)

	Bunions Hallux Valgus - Orthogate - Improving orthopedic care, education and research with Internet technologies
		Hallux valgus is a condition that affects the joint at the base of the big toe.
		Hallux is the medical term for big toe, and valgus is an anatomic term that means the deformity goes in a direction away from the midline of the body.
		In the early stages of hallux valgus, converting from a shoe with a pointed toe to a shoe with a wide forefoot (or toe box) may arrest the progression of the deformity.
	www.orthogate.org /patient-education/foot/bunions-hallux-valgus.html (1679 words)

	Arthritis of the Foot and Ankle - FootCareMD.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Hallux rigidus was associated with hallux valgus interphalangeus, bilateral involvement in those with a familial history, unilateral involvement in those with a history of trauma, and female gender.
		The purposes of this report were to evaluate the long-term results of the operative treatment of hallux rigidus over a nineteen-year period in one surgeon's practice and to assess a clinical grading system for use in the treatment of hallux rigidus.
		The purpose of this investigation was to define the role of elevation of the first ray in the pathogenesis of hallux rigidus by comparing patients with known hallux rigidus with a control population.
	www.footcaremd.com /fc_a_arthritisrefs.html (5453 words)

	Statements of Principles — acquired hallux valgus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		"Acquired hallux valgus" means a deformity of the foot, attracting ICD code 735.0, whereby the great toe is deflected laterally towards the other toes causing a bony prominence to develop over the medial aspect of the first metatarsal head and neck, but not by congenital means.
		The diagnosis of acquired hallux valgus can be accepted by the Repatriation Commission when it is confirmed by a general medical practitioner or specialist as the final diagnosis or on advice by a Departmental Medical Officer.
		Hallux valgus is the commonest of all foot deformities.
	www.dva.gov.au /pensions/statemnt/n006.htm (1519 words)

	Hallux Rigidus - Foot and Ankle Surgery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Hallux rigidus is a disorder of the joint located at the base of the big toe.
		In some people, hallux rigidus runs in the family and is a result of inheriting a foot type that is prone to developing this condition.
		The procedure that is used to correct hallux rigidus depends on many factors, including the cause of the condition and the severity, as well as the patient's age, occupation and activity level.
	www.feetfixer.com /html/hallux_rigidus.html (1065 words)

	Hallux Valgus and Bunion Surgery - Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics
		- is the hallux valgus congruent or incongruent?
		Distal metatarsal osteotomy for hallux valgus in the middle-aged patient.
		Repair of hallux valgus with a distal soft-tissue procedure and proximal metatarsal osteotomy.
	www.wheelessonline.com /ortho/hallux_valgus_and_bunion_surgery (759 words)

	5/00 Biomechanics: Sports Medicine: Conservative approach benefits athletes with hallux valgus
		reported an association between the magnitude of the hallux valgus angle and the magnitude of the first/second intermetatarsal angle, and stated that metatarsus primus varus is secondary to an increased hallux valgus angle.
		The hallux valgus angle is formed by the intersection of the longitudinal axes of the proximal phalanx and the first metatarsal.
		A moderate deformity is characterized by a hallux valgus angle of 20° to 40°, a first/second intermetatarsal angle of 11° to 16°, and 50% to 75% subluxation of the lateral sesamoid (Figure 5B).
	www.biomech.com /db_area/archives/2000/0005sportsmed.73-82.bio-.html (2059 words)

	Foot and Ankle Conditions: The Stiff Big Toe Joint (Hallux Rigidus)
		To treat the pain in the big toe joint, the shoes are modified by stiffening the sole, inserting a stiff orthotic arch support in the shoe and sometimes adding a small rocker effect (called a metatarsal bar) which is glued on to the bottom of the sole of the shoe.
		The surgical treatment for hallux rigidus is determined by the extent of the arthritis and deformity.
		As the stiffening of the big toe joint increases a cheilectomy is not sufficient and an additional bone cut may needed on the big toe itself, (an osteotomy of the phalanx).
	footandankle.mdmercy.com /conditions/bigtoe/hallux_rigidus.html (610 words)

	Foot and Ankle Conditions: Hallux Varus
		Hallux varus is a condition in which the big toe begins to deviate away from the midline of the foot.
		Hallux varus most commonly develops after the failure of a previous bunion surgery.
		There are other conditions that may lead to hallux varus including trauma, removal of a sesamoid bone from the big toe joint and some forms of arthritis.
	footandankle.mdmercy.com /conditions/bigtoe/hallux_varus.html (263 words)

	KLM Orthotics - Prescribing Foot Orthoses for Hallux Limitus
		For the purposes of this article, hallux limitus is considered to be a range of lmpj dorsiflexion of less than 65 degrees.
		Hallux limitus creates pathology during gait because, when lmpj motion is restricted, the foot has difficulty moving over the hallux while the forefoot is on the ground.
		In a structural hallux limitus, an excessively long first metatarsal, metatarsus primus elevatus, trauma, sesamoid arthritis or ankylosis, or some other condition that causes first ray immobilization is limiting the ability of the hallux to dorsiflex.
	www.klm-lab.com /klm_article11.htm (1159 words)

	The Physician and Sportsmedicine: Disorders of the First Metatarsophalangeal Joint
		Hallux rigidus, a painful flexion deformity, is often seen in athletes who stress the joint repetitively.
		Also known as a bunion deformity, hallux valgus is a prominent medial eminence of the first MT head with lateral deviation of the great toe.
		The sesamoids of the hallux are located in the flexor hallucis brevis tendon and are connected by an intersesamoid ligament.
	www.physsportsmed.com /issues/2000/07_00/chou.htm (2908 words)

	Textbook of Hallux Valgus and Forefoot Surgery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Hallux Valgus and Forefoot Surgery brings together a group of physicians interested in the care of the foot who unselfishly share their experience, expertise, and knowledge with those of similar interest.
		Presented in separate chapters are the anatomy of the forefoot, biomechanics of the hallux valgus deformity, and clinical and radiographic evaluation of the forefoot.
		The terms hallux valgus and hallux abducto valgus have been used interchangeably throughout the text and for practical purposes refer to the same deformity.
	www.ocpm.edu /hallux/preface.html (415 words)

	Podiatry Arena - Grading hallux valgus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the validity of this tool by correlating Manchester scale scores with hallux valgus measurements obtained from radiographs.
		6.5), and measurements of the hallux abductus angle, intermetatarsal angle and hallux interphalangeal adbuctus angle were performed.
		The Manchester scale score was highly correlated with hallux abductus angle (Spearman's = 0.73, P<0.01) and moderately associated with intermetatarsal angle (= 0.49, P<0.01) measurements obtained from radiographs.
	www.podiatry-arena.com /podiatry-forum/printthread.php?t=590 (262 words)

	Hallux Rigidus: symptoms, cause, treatment, prevention, risks, long-term outlook, complications
		Hallux rigidus is a form of degenerative arthritis.
		When a person has hallux rigidus, the cartilage in the joint located at the base of the big toe is wearing thin.
		A common complication of hallux rigidus is a bone spur.
	www.mamashealth.com /foot/hallus.asp (266 words)

	Hallux Limitus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Hallux limitus is a term used to describe the motion of the big toe joint.
		Large osteophytes are seen on both the base of the proximal hallux and head of the first metatarsal (dorsal surfaces).
		The spurring on the base of the hallux is also removed and made smooth.
	www.podassociates.net /podassociates_web_029.htm (487 words)

	Podiatry Today
		Having a thorough knowledge of the stages of hallux limitus is essential to ensure proper treatment of this complex condition.
		While hallux limitus is most commonly seen as a sagittal plane deformity, you may also see it with hallux abducto valgus secondary to hyperpronation and first ray hypermobility.
		In Stage IV hallux limitus/rigidus, there is severely advanced degenerative joint disease with complete loss of articular cartilage on both sides of the joint as well as a loss of joint space.
	www.podiatrytoday.com /podtd/displayArticleaa.cfm?articleID=article2231 (2888 words)

	Hallux - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The hallux or big toe is the biological name for digit I. In humans and non-human primates, the hallux is the largest toe on the foot.
		Chimpanzees and many other non-human primates, who lack opposable thumbs, have an opposable hallux.
		In birds with a anisodactyl or heterodactyl feet, the hallux is opposed or directed backwards and allows for grasping and perching.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Big_toe (95 words)

	Hallux Varus
		A hallux varus in simple terms is a big toe that is deformity of the foot where the tip of the big toe is pointing inward (inside of foot).
		This is the opposite of a bunion, where at the 1st metatarsal phalangeal joint is forced inward (inside of foot), and the resulting big toe points outward (outside of foot).
		A true hallux varus has the deformity in all three structural planes of the foot, where the big toe is supinated (varus).
	www298.pair.com /doug29/original_site/conditions/halluxvarus.html (813 words)

	NGC - NGC Summary
		Hallux limitus and rigidus diagnosis is made by completion of the history and physical exam, a lower extremity exam, subjective and objective findings, radiological evaluation and other diagnostic procedures.
		Hallux limitus and rigidus may be caused by biomechanical abnormalities most commonly found in the rectus type foot.
		The overall alignment of the joint is rarely altered as in hallux valgus or hallux varus.
	www.guideline.gov /summary/summary.aspx?view_id=1&doc_id=4244 (1355 words)

	Hallux Rigidus - FootPhysicians.com
		"Hallux" refers to the big toe, while "rigidus" indicates that the toe is rigid and cannot move.
		Hallux rigidus is actually a form of degenerative arthritis (a wearing out of the cartilage within the joint that occurs in the foot and other parts of the body).
		In other cases, it is associated with overuse—especially among people engaged in activities or jobs that increase the stress on the big toe, such as workers who often have to stoop or squat.
	www.footphysicians.com /footankleinfo/hallux-rigidus.htm (1060 words)

	Statements of Principles — Congenital hallux valgus
		"congenital hallux valgus" means a deformity of the foot present at or soon after birth, attracting ICD code 755.66, whereby the great toe is deflected laterally towards the other toes causing a bony prominence to develop over the medial aspect of the metatarsal head and neck, but does not include hallux varus and hammer toe;
		"Congenital hallux valgus" means a deformity of the foot present at or soon after birth, attracting ICD code 755.66, whereby the great toe is deflected laterally towards the other toes causing a bony prominence to develop over the medial aspect of the metatarsal head and neck,but does not include hallux varus and hammer toe.
		The diagnosis of congenital hallux valgus can be accepted by the Repatriation Commission when it is confirmed by a general medical practitioner or specialist as the final diagnosis or on advice by a Departmental Medical Officer.
	www.dva.gov.au /pensions/statemnt/n036.htm (1301 words)

	PodiatryNetwork.com - Hallux Limitus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Hallux is the medical term for the big toe.
		This is termed functional Hallux limitus, because it occurs during the normal functioning of the foot while walking.
		The most common cause of Hallux limitus is an abnormal alignment of the long bone behind the big toe joint called the first metatarsal bone.
	www.podiatrynetwork.com /document_disorders2.cfm?ID=171 (646 words)

	Hallux Limitus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Hallux Limitus is defined as a deformity of the first metatarsophalangeal joint
		With hallux limitus, there can be a little as no motion in the joint.
		Patients with hallux limitus usually exhibit pronated or flat feet during gait and stance.
	footorthotics.com /topics/halluxlimit.html (341 words)

	What is Hallux Valgus?
		A hallux valgus is a bunion that occurs on the big toe.
		Hallux means big toe and valgus means deviation away from the body.
		A common operation to treat the hallux valgus is called a chevron osteotomy.
	www.wisegeek.com /what-is-hallux-valgus.htm (446 words)

	PodiatryNetwork.com - Surgical Correction of Hallux Hammertoe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		An additional cause of hallux hammertoe is the absence of two small bones, called sesamoid bones, which are normally present beneath the big toe joint.
		A consequence of having a hallux hammertoe is irritation on the top of the toe from shoe pressure or the development of a painful callus on the end of the big toe.
		An x-ray is useful in determining the degree of the deformity and the condition of the joint.
	www.podiatrynetwork.com /document_disorders.cfm?id=168 (993 words)

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