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Topic: Hallux valgus

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	eMedicine - Hallux Valgus : Article by Crista J Frank, DPM
		In the pathologic hallux valgus, the crista is often eroded as a result of the laterally deviated position of the sesamoids.
		Hallux valgus: No valgus rotation, as noted by the symmetrical concavity of the borders the medial and lateral shafts, should be evident.
		In: Hallux Valgus, Allied Deformities of the Forefoot and Metatarsalgia.
	www.emedicine.com /orthoped/topic126.htm (7128 words)

	NORMAL VERSUS PATHOLOGIC ANATOMY OF HALLUX ABDUCTO VALGUS < (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Hallux abducto valgus (HAV) is a progressive degeneration of the 1st metatarsal phalangeal joint (MPJ) which demonstrates all the classic features of osteoarthritis.
		Gray (2000) describes that due to the lateral deviation of the hallux on the metatarsal disuse atrophy of the articular cartilage occurs and the subchondral bone erodes.
		The lateral deviation of the hallux and the sesamoid apparatus, aswell as the medial deviation of the first meatarsal., change the momentary forces of the otherwise supportive musculature and ligaments.
	podiatry.curtin.edu.au /encyclopedia/hallux_abducto_valgus/hallux_abducto_valgus.html (2337 words)

	Bunions
		Hallux Valgus is a condition which affects the joint at the base of the big toe.
		Hallux is the medical term for "big toe", and valgus is an anatomic term that means the deformity goes in a direction away from the midline of the body.
		In the early stages of hallux valgus, converting from a pointed toe shoe to a wider box toe shoe may arrest the progression of the deformity.
	www.footdokter.com /treatments/bunions.htm (959 words)

	Anatomy Modules: Radiographic Evaluation of Hallux Valgus
		Hallux valgus is a common foot disorder of several etiologies, which can lead to significant foot pain and deformity.
		Hallux valgus is not synonymous with bunion, which is derived from the same root as "bun" or "bunch", and means an area of swelling.
		Hallux valgus cannot be adequately assessed unless weight-bearing views are performed in the AP and lateral positions.
	www.rad.washington.edu /anatomy/modules/HalluxValgus/HalluxValgus.html (946 words)

	Hallux Rigidus - Foot and Ankle Surgery
		Hallux rigidus is a disorder of the joint located at the base of the big toe.
		Hallux rigidus is actually a form of degenerative arthritis (a wearing out of the cartilage within the joint that occurs in the foot and other parts of the body).
		The procedure that is used to correct hallux rigidus depends on many factors, including the cause of the condition and the severity, as well as the patient's age, occupation and activity level.
	www.feetfixer.com /html/hallux_rigidus.html (1065 words)

	NORMAL VERSUS PATHOLOGIC ANATOMY OF HALLUX ABDUCTO VALGUS < (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Hallux abducto valgus (HAV) is a progressive degeneration of the 1st metatarsal phalangeal joint (MPJ) which demonstrates all the classic features of osteoarthritis.
		Gray (2000) describes that due to the lateral deviation of the hallux on the metatarsal disuse atrophy of the articular cartilage occurs and the subchondral bone erodes.
		The lateral deviation of the hallux and the sesamoid apparatus, aswell as the medial deviation of the first meatarsal., change the momentary forces of the otherwise supportive musculature and ligaments.
	www.podiatry.curtin.edu.au /encyclopedia/hallux_abducto_valgus/hallux_abducto_valgus.html (2337 words)

	5/00 Biomechanics: Sports Medicine: Conservative approach benefits athletes with hallux valgus
		reported an association between the magnitude of the hallux valgus angle and the magnitude of the first/second intermetatarsal angle, and stated that metatarsus primus varus is secondary to an increased hallux valgus angle.
		The hallux valgus angle is formed by the intersection of the longitudinal axes of the proximal phalanx and the first metatarsal.
		A moderate deformity is characterized by a hallux valgus angle of 20° to 40°, a first/second intermetatarsal angle of 11° to 16°, and 50% to 75% subluxation of the lateral sesamoid (Figure 5B).
	www.biomech.com /db_area/archives/2000/0005sportsmed.73-82.bio-.html (2059 words)

	lecture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The hallux is deviated laterally in the transverse plane (abducted); dorsiflexed on the sagittal plane; and everted on the frontal plane.
		Hallux abducto valgus (HAV) may be asymptomatic in which, case apart from the transverse abduction of 10 degrees, no abnormality or symptoms are present.
		The distal aspect of the hallux is stabilised by the second toe as these muscles attempt to abduct the hallux and therefore the bone of the hallux and the first metatarsal head are formed medially causing adduction of the entire first metatarsal ray at its base.
	www.podiatry.curtin.edu.au /lecture/buns.html (5709 words)

	Hallux Valgus and Bunion Surgery - Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics
		- is the hallux valgus congruent or incongruent?
		Distal metatarsal osteotomy for hallux valgus in the middle-aged patient.
		Repair of hallux valgus with a distal soft-tissue procedure and proximal metatarsal osteotomy.
	www.wheelessonline.com /ortho/hallux_valgus_and_bunion_surgery (750 words)

	Bunions Hallux Valgus - Orthogate - Improving orthopedic care, education and research with Internet technologies
		Hallux valgus is a condition that affects the joint at the base of the big toe.
		So in hallux valgus the big toe begins to point towards the outside of the foot.
		In the early stages of hallux valgus, converting from a shoe with a pointed toe to a shoe with a wide forefoot (or toe box) may arrest the progression of the deformity.
	www.orthogate.org /patient-education/foot/bunions-hallux-valgus.html (1693 words)

	Statements of Principles — acquired hallux valgus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		"Acquired hallux valgus" means a deformity of the foot, attracting ICD code 735.0, whereby the great toe is deflected laterally towards the other toes causing a bony prominence to develop over the medial aspect of the first metatarsal head and neck, but not by congenital means.
		The diagnosis of acquired hallux valgus can be accepted by the Repatriation Commission when it is confirmed by a general medical practitioner or specialist as the final diagnosis or on advice by a Departmental Medical Officer.
		Hallux valgus is the commonest of all foot deformities.
	www.dva.gov.au /pensions/statemnt/n006.htm (1519 words)

	Bunions (hallux valgus; hallux abducto valgus) - complete information from ePodiatry
		Hallux valgus or hallux abducto valgus (HAV) is the name used for the deviated position of the big toe and a bunion refers to the enlargement of the joint - most of the time the two go together and can just be referred to as 'bunions'.
		Wearing footwear that is too tight or causing the toes to be squeezed together are the most commonly blamed factor for the cause of bunions and hallux valgus and is undoubtedly the main contributing factor.
		As a bunion (hallux valgus) is a bony abnormality, it is much harder to change position of a toe permanently in adults.
	www.epodiatry.com /bunion.htm (1750 words)

	Modified Crescentic Proximal Metatarsal Osteotomy and Distal Soft Tissue Procedures in Hallux Valgus - Health - RedOrbit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The mean hallux valgus angle was 39.4 before surgery and 12.8 after surgery (26.6 correction); the mean intermetatarsal angle was 15.9 before surgery and 7.1 after surgery (8.8 correction).
		Hallux valgus (HV) is the most often encountered deformity of the forefoot; it has more than one component and commonly occurs in persons who wear improper shoes.
		Hallux varus deformity, neurovascular injury, fixation failure at the osteotomy site, screw failure, plantar flexion or dorsal flexion deformity of the first metatarsal, and recurrence were seen in none of the patients postoperatively.
	www.redorbit.com /news/health/779145/modified_crescentic_proximal_metatarsal_osteotomy_and_distal_soft_tissue_procedures/index.html?source=r_health (2771 words)

	Textbook of Hallux Valgus and Forefoot Surgery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Hallux Valgus and Forefoot Surgery brings together a group of physicians interested in the care of the foot who unselfishly share their experience, expertise, and knowledge with those of similar interest.
		Presented in separate chapters are the anatomy of the forefoot, biomechanics of the hallux valgus deformity, and clinical and radiographic evaluation of the forefoot.
		The terms hallux valgus and hallux abducto valgus have been used interchangeably throughout the text and for practical purposes refer to the same deformity.
	www.ocpm.edu /hallux/preface.html (415 words)

	HALLUX VALGUS 2 Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Wirral, UK Introduction: Scarf osteotomy is a z-osteotomy of 1st metatarsal and is proposed to correct anatomical and functional deformities of hallux valgus.
		Hallux vagus, 1-2 intermetatarsal angles and sesamiod subluxation were measured from weight bearing radiographs taken preoperatively, 6 weeks and 6 months.
		Results: On comparing with the control group in patients with hallux valgus and a decreased foot transversal arch in pedobarographic examination we found: the lateral shifting of maximal pressure within third and fourth midfoot radius (MT3 and MT4 foot regions according to Blomgren), and an increased pressure in the proximal part of the hindfoot.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3767/is_200401/ai_n9372832 (838 words)

	Hallux valgus and cartilage degeneration in the first metatarsophalangeal joint Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - ...
		A statistically significant correlation was found between the grade of cartilage lesion and the hallux valgus angle, both for the changes within the metatarsophalangeal and the metatarsosesamoid joints.
		With progression of hallux valgus, clinical and radiological signs of osteoarthritis develop due to the increasing incongruity of the joint surfaces.1,3 As the sesamoids remain in place while the distal aspect of the first metatarsal displaces medially with progressive deformity, the metatarsosesamoid joint also shows incongruity.
		Although osteoarthritis has been mentioned as a contraindication2,6,7 to joint preserving surgical procedures for the correction of hallux valgus, no report has been found of the incidence and extent of cartilage lesions within the first metatarsophalangeal joint.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3767/is_200407/ai_n9454246 (778 words)

	Bunions - a bunion occurs as a deformity in the big toe
		A bunion occurs as a result of a deformity in the big toe known as hallux valgus, where hallux means the big toe and valgus means abnormal bending towards the other toes.
		Hallux valgus occurs when the foot bone that joins with the big toe (the metatarsal) becomes displaced inwards (towards the centre of the body).
		Hallux valgus, resulting in bunions, affects 10 women to every one man. This may be because genetic and anatomical factors predispose women to developing the condition.
	hcd2.bupa.co.uk /fact_sheets/html/bunions.html (772 words)

	Hallux Valgus
		Hallux valgus is the most important pathology treated in our foot and ankle department.
		El hallux valgus es una de las patologías más frecuentes de la consulta de pie y tobillo de nuestro servicio.
		El tratamiento no quirúrgico del hallux valgus no produce generalmente resultados satisfactorios (6), y su objetivo es aliviar la sintomatología y en el mejor de los casos detener su desarrollo.
	www.angelfire.com /al2/albornoz/revista.html (1788 words)

	Interventions for treating hallux valgus (abductovalgus) and bunions
		Hallux valgus is classified as an abnormal deviation of the great toe (hallux) towards the midline of the foot.
		To identify and evaluate the evidence from randomised trials of interventions used to correct hallux valgus.
		It was notable that the numbers of participants in some trials remaining dissatisfied at follow-up were consistently high (25 to 33%), even when the hallux valgus angle and pain had improved.
	www.cochrane.org /reviews/en/ab000964.html (977 words)

	Hallux Valgus and Bunion: Foot Problems: Merck Manual Home Edition
		Hallux valgus is an abnormally positioned big toe, in which the joint at the base of the toe bulges outward from the inner side of the foot and the big toe points inward (toward the smaller toes).
		The cause of hallux valgus is usually ill-fitting footwear, but vulnerability to this disorder seems to run in families.
		A hallux valgus is a bulging out of the base of the big toe sideways, away from the foot.
	www.merck.com /mmhe/sec05/ch072/ch072l.html (392 words)

	Foot and Ankle Conditions: Hallux Valgus (Bunion Deformity)
		This bone prominence on the inner edge for the metatarsal is referred to as a bunion.
		Once a bunion is present the deformity of hallux valgus worsens slowly over time.
		The bunions are large, and the big toes are deviated to the outside of the foot (this is called hallux valgus).
	www.footandankle.mdmercy.com /conditions/bigtoe/hallux_valgus.html (1003 words)

	What is Hallux Valgus?
		A hallux valgus is a bunion that occurs on the big toe.
		Hallux means big toe and valgus means deviation away from the body.
		A common operation to treat the hallux valgus is called a chevron osteotomy.
	www.wisegeek.com /what-is-hallux-valgus.htm (443 words)

	Hallux Valgus - New Treatments, January 2, 2007
		Hallux valgus is caused by hypermobility at the tarsal metatarsal joint.
		That is the joint right about here, that’s the joint that separates the first metatarsal from the cuneiform, so the junction of the midfoot and the forefoot, and over time, as weight bearing occurs, you develop laxity.
		When someone has a hallux valgus deformity, they are very wide through here.
	www.ccspublishing.com /journals5a/hallux_valgus.htm (769 words)

	Hallux valgus
		Der Hallux valgus ist weit verbreitet, doch macht er in den meisten Fällen wenig Beschwerden.
		Nicht selten ist ein Hallux valgus mit einer Hammerzehe oder Krallenzehe vergesellschaftet.
		Benötigen Sie weiterführende Literatur zum Thema Hallux valgus, dann clicken Sie hier.
	www.dr-gumpert.de /html/hallux_valgus.html (2183 words)

	Interventions for Treating Hallux Valgus (Bunion)
		Introduction: Hallux valgus is one of the most common foot pathologies.
		Objectives: To identify and summarise all trials which evaluate the treatments used in the correction of deformity of the great toe (hallux valgus) and to establish the effectiveness of treatments.
		Outcome measurements included reduction in degree of deformity (hallux valgus angle and intermatatarsal angle), range of movement, post-operative complications, pain, satisfaction, footwear problems and limitation in walking.
	www.cochrane.org /colloquia/abstracts/rome/romePB31.htm (343 words)

	Bunions and Hallux Valgus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Initially, there is partial dislocation outward of the great toe (hallux valgus), which makes the head of the metatarsal bone prominent (compare the left and right figures below, which are drawn from "Conquering Athletic Injuries," the reference for this article).
		The most common cause of bunions and hallux valgus is a combination of hereditary tendencies and biomechanical imbalances.
		However, when the great toe is also deviated into a valgus position, this deformity must be reduced by a surgical osteotomy (fracturing of bone) of the great toe to place it in proper anatomical position relative to the metatarsal head.
	www.cascadewellnessclinic.com /articles/2003art/0304art.shtml (782 words)

	Hallux Valgus :: FootSmart
		A hallux valgus found on the outside of the foot on or below the fifth (baby) toe is known as a bunionette, and can also cause intense pain.
		A hallux valgus is most commonly treated and prevented with some simple adjustments to your shoes.
		Utilize an orthotic device or insert, such as a bunion splint or bunion brace, to redistribute the pressure along the arch and ball of the foot and control the separation of the bones.
	www.footsmart.com /Bunions-Hallux-Valgus.aspx (395 words)

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