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Topic: Halohydrin formation reaction

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	Halohydrin formation reaction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A halohydrin formation reaction is an chemical reaction in which a halogen is added to an alkene in aqueous solution to form a halohydrin.
		The reaction is similar to the halogen addition reaction.
		The reaction is a form of electrophilic addition.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Halohydrin_formation_reaction (164 words)

	Organic I Alkene Reaction Detail Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Halohydrin formation is analogous to the addition of halogen to an alkene with two changes: the nucleophile in this case is a water molecule, and a final deprotonation is required to make the neutral alcohol.
		It is an industrially important reaction, but not of much synthetic use in the lab as many organic compounds are adversely affected by these conditions.
		Hydroboration of an alkene involves the reaction of an alkene with borane.
	www.chemistry.ccsu.edu /glagovich/teaching/311/content/alkene/reactions/alkenerxn2.html (1120 words)

	Organic reaction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In organic synthesis, organic reactions are used in the construction of new organic molecules.
		Factors specific to organic reactions are the those that determine the stability of reactants and products such as conjugation, hyperconjugation and aromaticity and the presence and stability of reactive intermediates such as free radicals, carbocations and carbanions.
		Organic reactions can be categorized based on the type of functional group involved in the reaction as a reactant and the functional group that is formed as a result of this reaction.
	domainhelp.search.com /reference/Organic_reaction (730 words)

	Organic reaction
		Organic reactions are chemical reactions between organic compounds.
		Each reaction has a stepwise mechanism[?] that says how it happens, although this detailed description of steps is not always clear from a list of reactants alone.
		Here are some common reactions that you may run into in a college organic chemistry course: addition of HX to an alkene, halogen addition reaction, halohydrin formation reaction, oxymercuration reaction, hydroboration-oxidation reaction, hydrooxylation reaction[?], ozonolysis reaction[?], nucleophilic substitution, halogenation of an alkyl[?], hydration and dehydration.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/or/Organic_reaction.html (178 words)

	Halohydrin formation reaction
		A halohydrin formation reaction is an organic chemical reaction where a halogen is added to an alkene in aqueous solution to form a halohydrin[?].
		The reaction occurs with anti addition[?], leaving the newly added X and OH groups trans[?] to each other.
		In the first step, a halogen attacks the pi bond[?] of the carbon-carbon double bond[?], forming a single bond to each of the two carbons.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ha/Halohydrin_formation_reaction.html (158 words)

	Organic reaction Information Center - organic chemistry mechanism reaction problems with answers
		Rather, it is intended to cover the basic organic reaction reactions that would be covered in a first year organic chemistry course.
		In Condensation reactions a small molecule, usually water, is split off when two reactants combine in a chemical reaction.
		The opposite organic chemistry mechanism reaction problems with answers reaction, when water is consumed in a reaction, is called hydrolysis.
	www.scipeeps.com /Sci-Biochemistry_Topics_N_-_O/Organic_reaction.html (534 words)

	Organic reaction Information Center - organic chemistry mechanism reaction problems with answers
		Organic reactions are chemical reactions organic chemistry reaction roadmap between organic compounds.
		The basic organic chemistry reaction types are addition reactions, elimination reactions, substitution reactions, rearrangement reactions and organic redox reactions.
		Rather, it is intended to cover the basic reactions that would be covered in a first year organic chemistry course.
	www.scipeeps.com /Sci-Chemistry_Topics_Mi_-_O/Organic_reaction.html (526 words)

	Halide Effects in the Hydrolysis Reactions of (±)-7,8-Dihydroxy-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo- [a]pyrene (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The relative magnitudes of the rate constants for reaction of the intermediate carbocation with halide ions are estimated from product studies.
		The halohydrins are unstable intermediates and react quickly in subsequent reactions to yield tetrols in a ratio different than that formed from reaction of the carbocation with solvent.
		The main product-forming reaction of DE-2 at pH 11.3 is the spontaneous reaction.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/crtoec/1998/11/i06/abs/tx9701743.html (285 words)

	Halohydrin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A halohydrin is a type of chemical compound or functional group in which one carbon atom has a substituent of the halogen group in a carbon - carbon saturated covalent bond and the other carbon atom has a hydroxyl substituent.
		from an alkene in a halohydrin formation reaction
		In presence of a base like potassium hydroxide a halohydrin can undergo internal SN2 reaction to an epoxide.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Halohydrin (116 words)

	[No title]
		This reaction involves the nucleophilic attack of the pi electrons of the carbon-carbon double bond on the electron deficient hydrogen with simultaneous expulsion of the bromide anion (Figure 1).
		Notice that the reaction involves carbocation intermediates and one of the carbocation intermediates that is formed is tertiary and the other is primary.
		Once the intermediate is formed, subsequent nucleophilic attack by water or hydroxide ion on this bridged structure results in the regiospecific formation of a bromohydrin (an organic compound containing both an OH group and a Br group in adjacent positions).
	www.naz.edu:9000 /~organic/spring/laboratory/spexp2.htm (1026 words)

	Organic Chemistry 341 Notes
		This will change the reaction from a polar ionic reaction to a radical reaction.
		These reactions are stereoselective due to the ability of Cl and Br to form bridging halonium ions.
		Halohydrins can form if the halogenation reaction is done in water - a solvent that will participate as a nucleophile in the reaction This occurs with the same bromonium intermediate and gives trans products where applicable.
	www.ndsu.nodak.edu /instruct/grcook/chem341_98/lectures/lecture18.shtml (291 words)

	UCCS Chem 332 - Objectives for Final Exam
		Reactions of alcohols with acids and reactions of alcohols as nucleophiles.
		reactions of aryl halides by the nucleophilic aromatic substitution mechanism and by the benzyne mechanism [23.4-23.9]
		reaction in acid leading to mutarotation (ring-opening and ring-closing).
	www.uccs.edu /~amschoff/chem332/332objs5.html (333 words)

	Organic reaction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		=Reactions, by function= The number of possible organic reactions is basically infinite.
		Here are Some common reactions that you may run into in a college organic chemistry course: addition of HX to an alkene, halogen addition reaction, halohydrin formation reaction, oxymercuration reaction, hydroboration-oxidation reaction, dihydroxylation, ozonolysis, nucleophilic substitution, free radical halogenation, hydration and dehydration.
		Here is a series of reactions that a chemist can perform to change molecules in a defined way: Beckmann rearrangement, Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation, Gilman reagent, Grignard reagent, Diels-Alder reaction, Pinner reaction, Sharpless epoxidation, Sharpless bishydroxylation, Swern oxidation As seen here, specific reactions are sometimes named after the chemist who developed them.
	organic-reaction.iqnaut.net (260 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The addition of HOBr (formed from NBS in aqueous DMSO) to an alkene proceeds through an intermediate bromonium ion and results in the formation of a halohydrin with the hydroxide bonded to the alkene carbon which would form the most stable carbocation (Markovnikov addition).
		O to an alkene proceeds through a carbocation intermediate and results in the formation of an alcohol with the hydroxyl group bonded to the alkene carbon which would form the most stable carbocation (Markovnikov addition).
		proceeds through the formation of a osmium diester intermediate in which two of the osmium oxygens are bonded to the carbons of the alkene.
	www.chem.uic.edu /web1/OCOL-II/WIN/ALKENE/82/82ANS.HTM (551 words)

	Pensum/læringskrav (KJM1020 - Høst 2005)
		Reactions of alkynes: Addition of HX and X2 Reduction of alkynes
		Alcohols from reaction of carbonyl compounds with Grignard reagents.
		Acidity of alpha hydrogen atoms: Enolate ion formation
	www.uio.no /studier/emner/matnat/kjemi/KJM1020/h05/pensumliste.xml (182 words)

	DVD: reactions (electrophilic halohydrin) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Standard Deviants finish covering the last two electrophilic addition reactions, ozonolysis and oxidative cleavage.
		The Standard Deviants cover a few of your favorite electrophilic addition reactions, including hydroboration oxidation, hydrogenation, and hydroxylation.
		Today's guest reactions are hydration and halogen addition.
	www.very-clever.com /dvd/reactions (276 words)

	Halohydron Formation - EMOC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		This reaction is very similar to halogen addition.
		The mechanism of halohydrin formation follows the first several steps of halogen addition.
		Unlike halogen addition, in which two identical atoms are added, two possible regioisomers can be formed during halohydrin formation in non-symmetrical alkenes.
	www.chem.memphis.edu /parrill/EMOC/roadmap/halohyd.html (168 words)

	Review of Chem 205
		Formation of Hybrid Bond Orbitals - particularly as it pertains to Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen - influence of hybridization state on bond length, bond angle, molecular geometry, bond strength
		Stereochemistry of reactions that result in the introduction of a chiral center into an achiral molecule
		Stereochemistry of reactions that result in the introduction of a second chiral center into a chiral molecule
	oncampus.richmond.edu /~egoldman/205/review/review.html (765 words)

	Chemistry 341 - Syllabus
		Typical Examples of Alkene Reactivity: Addition of Halogens, Halohydrin Formation, Addition of Water: Oxymercuration and Hydroboration, Addition of Carbenes to Alkenes: Cyclopropane Synthesis; Reduction of Alkenes: Hydrogenation, Oxidation of Alkenes: Hydroxylation and Cleavage, Biological Alkene Addition Reactions, Addition of Radicals to Alkenes: Polymers; Preparation of Alkenes: Elimination Reactions.
		Reactions of Aromatic Rings: Bromination, Nitration, Friedel-Crafts Alkylation and Acylation Reaction; Substituent Effects in Substituted Aromatic Rings; Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: Benzyne; Oxidation and Reduction of Aromatic Compounds.
		Keto-Enol Tautomerism; Reactivity of Enols: The Mechanism of Alpha-Substitution Reactions: Alpha Halogenation of Aldehydes and Ketones, Alpha Bromination of Carboxylic Acids: The Hell-Volhard-Zelinski Reaction; Acidity of Alpha Hydrogen Atoms: Enolate Ion Formation; Reactivity of Enolate Ions: Halogenation of Enolate Ions - The Haloform Reaction, Alkylation of Enolate Ions.
	www.bgsu.edu /departments/chem/faculty/pavel/Chem341/341syllabus.htm (1058 words)

	HELPFUL HINTS - Chapter 7 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Be able to apply the reaction to reactants of varying structure and type.
		The ionic addition reactions of alkenes are variations on one mechanistic theme (addition of H-X).
		Halohydrin formation: halonium ion intermediate, more positive charge on the more substituted carbon atom.
	www.chem.tamu.edu /organic/Fall98/chap7hh.html (348 words)

	Reaction types
		Acidity of hydrogens bonded to sp hybridized carbons.
		Oxidation of methyl ketones via the haloform reaction - enolate formation and acyl substitution
		Hell-Volhard-Zelinski reaction - a mixture of acyl substitution and carbanion chemistry
	www.fsj.ualberta.ca /chimie/chem161/reactiontypes.html (133 words)

	CHEMISTRY 3010 REACTION REVIEW
		Grignard Reaction with a Carbonyl Compound (Ch 10)
		Formation of Tosylate Esters (Ch 11) (see Rxns 2 and 4)
		Halohydrin Formation and Cyclization (Ch 14) (see Rxn 12)
	iweb.tntech.edu /chem312-dc/311rxns.htm (100 words)

	Course outline Chemistry 163
		Addition Reaction of Alkenes and Alkynes: Synthesis of Organic Compounds.
		Alkyl Halides from the Reaction of Alcohols with Hydrogen Halides and Mechanism
		Alkyl Halides from Reaction of Alcohols with phosphorus tribromide and thionyl chloride.
	www.artsci.gmcc.ab.ca /people/saberim/163.htm (293 words)

	Chapter 8 Outline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Modern Markovnikov Rule- In ionic addition of unsymmetrical reagents to a double bond, the positive end of the reagent attaches itself to the carbon atom that results in the most stable carbocation intermediate R addition
		Regioselective Reactions- Reactions that can potentially yield two or more constitutional isomers but only produces one of them.
		Formation of cyclic intermediate from Permanganate or Osmate ion
	members.aol.com /logan20/outline8.html (452 words)

	Organic Chemistry...Online Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Draw Haworth and chair formulas for cyclic forms and mutarotational isomers of carbohydrates.
		Reactions Carry out single-step reactions and multi-step syntheses using:
		The student should be able to: (For a self-paced review on the computer, go to Professor Sundin's pages (this link to page 39 on amines) To access all pages, change the ending on the URL just before.htm to read 11 for the first page through 44 to see the last page on carbohydrates.
	web.uccs.edu /chemistry/organic_online332/unit_four.htm (339 words)

	[No title]
		Rearrangement is a problem, whenever a more stable carbocation can be formed.ó0¨Alcohol Synthesis¨\Because the reaction is reversible, it is difficult to get the reaction to go to completion; dilute acid is used.
		The dehydration reaction is more useful, because the product can be removed by distillation during the reaction.
		The reaction must be performed in a non-polar solvent to prevent other nucleophilic reactions.ó5¨Halohydrin Formationª ¨TIf a halogen molecule reaction with an alkene in water, the product is a halohydrin.ªI ó@¨ Halonium Ionsª¨èThe properties of the cyclic halonium ion have two consequences: The second attack occurs anti to the first.
	www.rose-hulman.edu /~brandt/Chem251/8AdditionReactions.ppt (859 words)

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