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	Holman Bible Dictionary on StudyLight.org
		The prophets Amos (Amos 8:8; Amos 9:5) and Jeremiah (Jeremiah 46:8) used the Nile as the symbol of Egypt, a concept that is readily understood in terms of the river's historical importance to the survival and well-being of the country.
		Halys River From its sources in the Armenian mountains, the Halys begins its 714-mile flow to the southwest only to be diverted by a secondary ridge into a broad loop until its direction is completely reversed into a northeasterly direction through the mountainous regions bordering the southern shore of the Black Sea.
		Rivers of the Aegean Coast The broken Aegean coastline boasted a series of sheltered havens and inlets that prompted Greek colonization and the establishment the great harbor cities of the later Greek and Roman periods.
	www.studylight.org /dic/hbd/print.cgi?number=T5367 (2914 words)

	Greek Mythology: HALYS River God of Paphlagonia, Anatolia
		HALYS was a RIVER-GOD of Paphlagonia and Pontos in Anatolia (modern Turkey).
		The River Halys had its source on the Armenian plateau, issuing into the Black Sea near the Greek colony of Sinope on the border of Paphlagonia and Pontos.
		The major neighbouring rivers were the Parthenios to the west, and Thermodon to the east.
	www.theoi.com /Potamos/PotamosHalys.html (212 words)

	Halys (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Lydia was encamped with his army on the banks of the river Halys in Asia Minor.
		More than 2,000 years after Croesus' defeat on the river Halys, the bejewelled kings of antiquity, with their chariots and...
		I crossed the Halys River myself this spring with a group of...
	hallencyclopedia.com /Halys (503 words)

	Halys - WCD (Wiki Classical Dictionary) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Halys ("salty river") or Kizilirmak ("red river"), east of Ankara, is the longest river of Asia Minor.
		The river has its source in Armenia in the Kizil Dagi, and flows in a wide arc to the southwest.
		The Halys is first referred to in our sources by the Greek playwright Aeschylus, but it became famous when it was mentioned by Herodotus of Halicarnassus.
	www.ancientlibrary.com /wcd/index.php?title=Halys&redirect=no (165 words)

	Halys River
		The pocket formed by the bend of the Halys, where the Hittites had their capital city.
		This is the river that Croesus hesitated to cross until he had consulted the oracle at Delphi.
		Coming from the east, the Halys swings in a great bend into central Anatolia, then cuts through the northern (Pontic) mountains and empties into the Black Sea.
	www.ancientroute.com /water/hallysriv.htm (123 words)

	PHRYGIA - LoveToKnow Article on PHRYGIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The northern half is drained by rivers which run to the Black Sea; of these the eastern ones, Porsuk Su (Tembris or Ternbrogius), Seidi Su (Parthenius), Bardakchi Tchai (Xerabates), and Bayat Tchai (Alandrus), join the Sangarius, while the western,i Taushanly Tchai (Rhyndacus) and Simav Tchai (Macestus), meet and flow into the Propontis.
		Sabazius was identified with Adonis or Attis (Atys), Cybele with the Syrian goddess; and many of the coarsest rites of the Phrygian worship, the mutila,tion of the priests, the prostitution at the shrine,5 came from the countries of the south-east.
		But one point of Semitic religion never penetrated west of the Halys: the pig was always unclean and abhorred among the Semites, whereas it was the animal regularly used in purification by the Phrygians, Lydians, Lycians and Greeks.
	4.1911encyclopedia.org /P/PH/PHRYGIA.htm (6365 words)

	Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Paphlagonia was an ancient area on the northern central Black Sea coast of Anatolia, situated between Bithynia and Pontus, and separated from Galatia by a prolongation to the east of the Bithynian Olympus.
		According to Strabo, the river Parthenius formed the western limit of the region, and it was bounded on the east by the Halys river.
		Amastris, a few miles east of the Parthenius river, became important under the rule of the Macedonian monarchs; while Amisus, a colony of Sinope situated a short distance east of the Halys river (and therefore not strictly in Paphlagonia as defined by Strabo), grew to become almost a rival of its parent city.
	www.stylokna.pl /wikipedia/Paphlagonia (595 words)

	Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Halys formed the eastern boundary of Phrygia in the time of king Midas (8th century B.C.) and became the boundary between Lydia and Media according to the peace treaty that followed the "Battle of the Eclipse" (585 B.C.).
		The boundary between Lydia and the Median Empire was fixed at the Halys River following the Battle of the Eclipse.
		After the Battle of the Eclipse in 585 BC the western border of the Median Empire was fixed at the Halys River.
	www.metu.edu.tr /home/wwwkerk/kerk1/01intro/gloss (1801 words)

	Travel Guide To Turkey, Travel, turkey, GUIDE MARTINE,Turkey, Guide, Guide Martine, istanbul, Martine, turkey photos, ...
		Rivers are generally named according to their color, environment and tumultuous nature.
		- The Kızılırmak (the red river), the old Halys River, is fed with thawing of snow and spring rains.
		Rivers that flow into the Aegean Sea have a light and irregular flow:
	www.guide-martine.com /rivers.asp (236 words)

	Kizil River -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		The smallest, in the far east of the country, is that of the Aras River, which rises south of Erzurum and flows east for some 250 miles to the frontier with Azerbaijan, eventually reaching the Caspian Sea.
		Rivers are also a principal natural force in shaping land surfaces.
		One of the major rivers of Central Africa, the Ubangi is the largest right-bank tributary of the Congo, or Zaire, River.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9369274 (758 words)

	iqexpand.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The River Halys had its source on the Armenian plateau, issuing into the Black Sea near the Greek colony of Sinope on the border of Paphlagonia...
		Halys river (click on the image to see more) Artifacts Contents Home If you are interested in purchasing these or other photographs please contact us at compass@losttrails.com or click here for order form...
		Halys, where the Hittites had their capital city.
	halys.iqexpand.com (433 words)

	In antiquity Phrygia was a kingdom in the west central part...
		Phrygians were mentioned by Homer Homer as settled on the banks of the River Sangarius, (now Sakarya Sakarya, the second largest river in modern Turkey), which flows north and west to empty into the Black Sea Black Sea.
		Later, Phrygia was conceived as lying west of the Halys River Halys River and east of Mysia Mysia and Lydia Lydia.
		There may be an echo of strife with Lydia and perhaps a veiled reference to royal hostages, in the legend of the twice-unlucky Adrastus Adrastus, the son of a king Gordias with the Queen, Eurynome.
	www.biodatabase.de /Phrygia (1636 words)

	Phrygia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Later, Phrygia was conceived as lying west of the Halys River and east of Mysia and Lydia.
		Midas judged in favor of Pan, and Apollo awarded him the ears of an ass.
		The mythic Midas of Thrace, accompanied by a band of his people, travelled to Asia Minor to wash away the taint of his unwelcome "golden touch" in the river Pactolus.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Phrygia (1780 words)

	Thales of Miletus [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		Within living memory, older Milesians had witnessed the island of Lade increasing in size within the Gulf, and the river banks encroaching into the river to such an extent that at Priene, across the gulf from Miletus the warehouses had to be rebuilt closer to the water's edge.
		There is considerable support for the argument that Croesus and his army crossed the Halys by the bridge which already existed and travelled by the Royal Road which provided the main access to the East.
		Herodotus explained that at the Halys there were gates which had to be passed before one crossed the river, which formed the border, with the post being strongly guarded (Hdt.
	www.iep.utm.edu /t/thales.htm (9340 words)

	The Huntress, Chapter One (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Halys was ready; she quickly swung her sword up to parry his attack and with a shout brought it straight down toward his head.
		Halys sighed, her flush of victory ruined by his displeasure.
		Halys had seen the scar before under the loose folds of his chiton, but never known he'd gotten it from a woman.
	members.aol.com /crossbow42/Hunt1.htm (7601 words)

	Lydian Period in Anatolia and Asia Minor
		This was the Lydian Kingdom that ruled Western Anatolia in the 7th C. BCE, roughly from 690 to 546 BCE.
		Meanwhile, the Medes in Persia following aggressive expansionist policies covered as far as the river Halys, and made this river a border between Medes and Lydians.
		Croesus crossed the river Halys and arrived at the ancient Pteria-probably the Greek name for Hattusas.
	www.ancientanatolia.com /historical/lydian_period.htm (1631 words)

	Apollonius: The Voyage of Argo
		And when you have rounded it broad Aegialus stretches before you; and at the end of broad Aegialus, at a jutting point of coast, the waters of the river Halys pour forth with a terrible roar; and after it his flowing near, but smaller in stream, rolls into the sea with white eddies.
		And so with them, borne along by the swift breeze, the heroes left behind the river Halys, and left behind his that flows hard by, and the delta-land of Assyria; and on the same day they rounded the distant headland of the Amazons that guards their harbour.
		No river is like this, and none sends forth from itself such mighty streams over the land.
	www.members.tripod.com /~ancient_history/works/apolloni.html (604 words)

	AMAZONS, Greek Mythology Link.
		The AMAZONS of Libya were much earlier in point of time and disappeared entirely many generations before the Trojan War; but those about the Thermodon river were in their full vigour a little before that time.
		The Libyan AMAZONS were also known for having waged war against the people of Atlantis, the most civilised men of the region, who dwelt in a prosperous country and possessed great cities.
		Otherwise the foundation of Ephesus is attributed to Androclus, son of King Codrus 1 of Athens, son of Melanthus 1, son of Andropompus 1, son of Borus 3, son of Penthilus 2, son of Periclymenus 1, son of Neleus and brother of Nestor.
	homepage.mac.com /cparada/GML/AMAZONS.html (1537 words)

	The Persian Royal road
		After Phrygia succeeds the river Halys, at which there is a gate which one must needs pass through in order to cross the river, and a strong guard-post is established there.
		Passing thence into the Cissian land, there are eleven stages, 234 kilometers, to the river Choaspes, which is also a navigable stream; and upon this is built the city of Susa.
		The Halys was crossed near modern Ankara -which may well have been a guard-post along the road- and the next stop was Gordium, the capital of another kingdom that had disappeared in the Persian age, Phrygia.
	www.livius.org /ro-rz/royal_road/royal_road.htm (1269 words)

	Apollonius.Net - White Syrians Of Aramaean Cappadocia
		The boundary between the Lydian and Median empires was the [River] Halys, and this river in that part of its course where it flows northward [to the Black Sea, RS], separated the Syrii Cappadocae on the east of it from the Paphlagones on the west of it.
		We may collect from Herodotus' confused description of the Halys, that the Cappadocae were immediately east of that part of the river that has a northerly course, and that they extended to the Euxine [Black Sea, RS].
		The country to the north of the Halys is mountainous, and the plains that lie between this northern range and the southern range of Taurus, are at a great elevation above the sea.
	www.apollonius.net /whitesyrians.html (8714 words)

	The Amazon Legend page 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		War; but those about the Thermodon river were in their full vigour a little before that time.
		The Amazons lived between the river Halys and the city called Trabson in the northern coast of Asia Minor and perhaps beyond, coming to
		To the west of the Halys river were the Paphlagonians.
	members.aol.com /helekleinegurl2/Amazons2.html (1154 words)

	HighBeam Research: Library Search: Results (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Junior libero Lucyna Halys is seventh in the NEC with 3.81 kpg and junior setter Megan Lundquist is seventh in the NEC in assists with 6.53.
		The border between the two states was then set along the Halys river (modern Kyzyl-Yrmak) [Hdt., 1, 74, 103].
		amongscholars, who finally came to the conclusion that the Armenians consistedof two tribes of the same race who settled along the Halys River and theupper Euphrates Valley, which was called Hayasa, meaning land of the Hyes.Armenians gave their language to natives...
	www.highbeam.com /library/search.asp?FN=SS&search_newspapers=on&search_magazines=on&q=Halys&refid=ency_botnm (614 words)

	Ataman Hotel - Kerkenes
		After the inconclusive Battle of Pteria between Croesus and Cyrus, Croesus retreated to Sardis for the winter from where he summoned his allies in the natural expectation that Cyrus too would withdraw for the winter and that the confrontation would be renewed in the following spring.
		The site would be consistent with the need of Astyages for a strong base east of the Halys River, and the lack of later occupation can easily be understood because once Cyrus had exerted control over Lydia, the very reason for a strong base east of the Halys River no longer existed.
		It is striking that Croesus treated the inhabitants of Pteria differently from the "Syrians" in the surrounding villages who, in contrast to the Pterians, had done no wrong.
	www.atamanhotel.com /kerkenes.html (844 words)

	PHRYGIA - Online Information article about PHRYGIA
		river Halys; but its boundaries were vague,2 and varied so much at different periods that a See also:
		RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c.
		rivers, each of which flows through a fertile valley of varying breadth.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /PER_PIG/PHRYGIA.html (5556 words)

	[No title]
		Pontus proper extended from the Halys River on the West to the borders of Colchis on the East, its interior boundaries meeting those of Galatia, Cappadocia and Armenia.
		The chief rivers besides the Halys were the Iris, Lycus and Thermodon.
		Among the cities of the interior, picturesque Amasia in the gorge of the Iris River witnessed the birth of Strabo in the 1st century BC, and to the geographer Strabo, more than to any other man, is due our knowledge of Pontus in its early days.
	bibletools.org /index.cfm/fuseaction/Def.show/RTD/isbe/Topic/pontus/printer/friendly (1146 words)

	Kizil Irmak
		longest river of Turkey, c.715 mi (1,150 km) long, rising in the Kizil Dağ, N central Turkey, and flowing in a wide arc SW, then N, and then NE into the Black Sea.
		Halys - Halys, river of Asia Minor: see Kizil Irmak.
		Cappadocia - Cappadocia, ancient region of Asia Minor, watered by the Halys River (the modern Kizil Irmak), in...
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/world/A0827869.html (140 words)

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