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Topic: Hamilton tariff

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Hamilton County, New York

Report on Manufactures

Alexander Hamilton

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1789

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Tariff of Abominations

Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act

Federalist Pary of the United States

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	Encyclopedia: Alexander Hamilton (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Hamilton was always sensitive to the fact that, under the laws of the time, he was born illegitimately and was thus considered a bastard.
		Hamilton also wrote a pamphlet which was highly critical of Adams (although it closed with a tepid endorsement) which badly hurt Adams's 1800 reelection campaign and split the Federalist Party, contributing to the victory of the Jeffersonian Republicans, led by Jefferson, in the election of 1800.
		Hamiltonâs portrait began to appear during the Civil War on the $2, $5, $10, and $50 notes, which was symbolic of his ideological opposition to the secessionist ideas of the Confederacy.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Alexander-Hamilton (9052 words)

	Hamilton, Alexander. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		In New York, Hamilton was a powerful constitutional supporter, fighting vigorously against the opposition of George Clinton and becoming perhaps the strongest advocate of the new instrument of government aside from James Madison.
		Hamilton was a well-to-do lawyer and banker (he helped to found the Bank of New York), and his own high connections aroused suspicion among the less conservative; his policies alienated agrarian interests and drew opposition from those who feared concentration of power in the federal government.
		Hamilton was perhaps the most powerful of the Federalists, but he was not in complete command of the party (he had even resigned his cabinet post in 1795, largely for financial reasons).
	www.bartleby.com /65/ha/HamiltAlex.html (856 words)

	alexhamiltonAP (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Hamilton felt that since the Articles no longer had any authority in the United States, the bonds that had been previously issued, should be recollected, and new bonds be issued in their place.
		Hamilton argued in return that to seek out the original bond holders and issue them the new bonds, instead of the present bond holders, was a violation of the present bond holders rights.
		Hamilton stated that the original bond holders took a risk in selling the bonds, and the present bond holders took a risk in buying the bonds, therefore the rights of the two respective groups had to be considered equal.
	www.homestead.com /themattshow/alexhamiltonAP.html (1347 words)

	1777-1815: The Revolutionary War to the War of 1812
		Madison’s tariff bill included the original 5 percent ad valorem duty on all imports, along with a list of enumerated items to be taxed by duties of a specified amount (also a provision of the original 1783 act).
		But this was precisely what Hamilton intended; he desired to concentrate national wealth in the hands of the urban merchant class, so they in turn would use the windfall to invest in manufacturing and other components of the nation’s economic infrastructure.
		Hamilton insisted the excise was necessary to garner additional funds for his debt funding and assumption plan, and argued that domestic distilling was one of the few "mature" industries in the United States capable of bearing the tax.
	www.tax.org /Museum/1777-1815.htm (5192 words)

	Hamilton tariff -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Hamilton Tariff of 1789 was one of the first (A piece of paper money (especially one issued by a central bank)) bills established by the new (The executive and legislative and judicial branches of the federal government of the United States) United States government.
		Most of the rates of the (A government tax on imports or exports) tariff were between 5 and 10 percent, depending on the value of the item.
		Instead, it established the principle of (The policy of imposing duties or quotas on imports in order to protect home industries from overseas competition) protectionism that was to become a persistent political dispute throughout the next century.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/h/ha/hamilton_tariff.htm (175 words)

	Buchanan on the history of US protectionism
		In 1842, tariffs were again raised; but by 1846 they were moving downward, and further lowered in 1857.
		Nearly every industrial tariff was first imposed as an infant-industry tariff under the promise that in a few years, when the industry had grown sufficiently to face foreign competition, it would be removed.
		It is also important to note that the adverse effects of tariffs in 19th century America were more than offset by the economic activity that constituted the western expansion across the continent.
	www.freetrade.org /new/buch1.html (1797 words)

	SIMONS, SOCIAL FORCES, CHAP. 10
		Hamilton proposed that this should be increased by the nation assuming the debts incurred by the states during the Revolution and still unpaid, amounting to over $30,000,000.
		By its terms enough votes were to be given by Hamilton to secure the location of the capital on the Potomac on condition that Jefferson delivered sufficient Southern votes to carry the measure, providing for the assumption of state debts.
		It is at least possible that some of the "prosperity" that followed the enactment of Hamilton's measures was due to the fact that the workers were permitted to produce for use and exchange instead of for confiscation through a useless currency.
	www.ku.edu /carrie/texts/carrie_books/simons/10.html (10370 words)

	CITT - Appeals - Decisions - WINNERS ONLY (CANADA) LTD.
		Hamilton indicated that he had reviewed the appellant's product literature and that he was of the view that the goods in issue were similar to the goods that his company marketed in terms of design and function.
		Hamilton indicated that, based on his review of the appellant's product literature, the adjustability is mainly in relation to the keyboard so that it can be adjusted vertically to accommodate a variety of users.
		Hamilton and on its review of the product literature, the Tribunal is of the view that the goods in issue are desks and parts thereof and, in accordance with the Explanatory Notes, are properly classified in heading No. 94.03 as other furniture and parts thereof.
	www.citt.gc.ca /appeals/decision/ap94142_e.asp (1633 words)

	WORLDNET DISCUSSION ON EU BANANA-IMPORT POLICIES, 12/9 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Hamilton indicated, we understand there may be some concerns about the uncertainty, the WTO case itself and the rulings have not adversely affected Caribbean banana exports to the EC.
		Hamilton who mentioned something about an investment agreement or a multilateral investment agreement, of which the U.S. is one of the chief proponents for developed countries.
		HAMILTON: We are in effect waiting for the Caribbean side to suggest when they would like to sit down, if indeed they want to do that, to discuss the proposals that we have on the table.
	www.usembassy.it /file9801/alia/98121023.htm (6965 words)

	[Regents Prep U.S. History] Economics: Early United States
		Hamilton quickly devised a number of plans to make the United States financially sound.
		Hamilton wanted to pay off all of the debt of the states and the old Continental Congress.
		Hamilton believed that a National Bank would gain the support of the business community which would invest in the new country.
	www.regentsprep.org /Regents/ushisgov/themes/economic/erl.cfm (801 words)

	Untitled (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Jacksonian-era specialists know James Hamilton (1786-1857) primarily as chief strategist for the Nullifiers in South Carolina's struggle with the federal government over the tariff.
		Personal financial interests, not southern nationalism, influenced Hamilton's stands on public issues such as Texas annexation and the Compromise of 1850.
		Hamilton's very public attempts to expunge his large debts, I suggest, reminded his fellow planters of their own financial insecurities.
	www.h-net.msu.edu /~shear/s2000.d/ab/TinklerBob.htm (123 words)

	Reader's Companion to American History - -TARIFF (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The tariff would be the most important tax laid by the federal government until the First World War, providing the majority of the government's revenue throughout that time, except during the Civil War years.
		The following year, the tariff was raised to an average of 57 percent on the value of imported goods in the Dingley Tariff of 1897, the highest in the nation's history.
		The Smoot-Hawley Tariff proved to be one of the most disastrous pieces of legislation ever enacted in America, for other nations had no choice but to follow suit with beggar-thy-neighbor tariff hikes of their own.
	college.hmco.com /history/readerscomp/rcah/html/ah_084500_tariff.htm (1103 words)

	(22) 18 Dec 93 14:50:42 Cost: 0 By: UUCP, InTouch (1:2613/333@fidonet) To: Glenda Stocks R (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		To spur the drive for a new tariff, the Pennsylvania Society organized a national protariff convention which was held in Harrisburg, Pa. on July 30, 1827, and Friedrich List was enlisted to author a series of twelve letters to organize support for the convention.
		He shows that the tariffs of 1820 and 1824, far from benefitting a few rich industrialists, created economic opportunities and prosperity for tens of thousands of farmers, wool manufacturers, and individual business entrepreneurs, and he describes how this prosperity was felt by working people, using the example of Lowell, Ma.
		The American System, Hamilton's system, is truly revolutionary because for the first time in history a nation's economic policy is constitutionally in coherence with the notion of the creative divine spark resident in each individual human being.
	www.skepticfiles.org /mys5/useconmy.htm (5339 words)

	1896: The Tariff (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Tariffs had been a key political issue throughout the nineteenth century, with industrial and Northeastern interests generally in favor, farmers usually opposed.
		That tariff proved unpopular--but the depression of 1893, which began under a Democratic administration, refocused criticism on the Democrats.
		In the wake of depression, however, even many die-hard tariff advocates conceded that tariffs were not a total answer to unemployment and low wages.
	projects.vassar.edu /1896/tariff.html (333 words)

	Incharacter.org
		Hamilton himself, however, never tried to advocate his trade policies by calling on (or questioning) his readers’ loyalty to the new America, let alone their distrust of foreigners.
		While businesses that favored the tariff stood to gain a lot from decreased foreign competition, there is little evidence that those who lobbied for Smoot-Hawley accused their opponents of disloyalty to America.
		In fact, lobbying for the tariff proved to be a series of accommodations among special interest groups in favor of protectionism, as each made tactical moves designed to preserve its own piece of the pie.
	www.incharacter.org /article.php?article=42 (3598 words)

	[No title]
		It was not only our first Tariff Act, but, next to that prescribing the oath used in organizing the Government, the first Act of the first Federal Congress; and was passed in pursuance of the declaration of President Washington in his first Message, that "The safety and interest of the People" required it.
		Under the inspiration of Alexander Hamilton the Tariff of 1790 was enacted at the second session of the same Congress, confirming the previous Act and increasing some of the protective duties thereby imposed.
		The Tariff Act of 1832, essentially modifying that of 1828, was passed with a view, in part, to quiet Southern clamor.
	www2.cddc.vt.edu /gutenberg/etext04/jl08w10.txt (6540 words)

	United Steelworkers in Canada Historical Timeline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A group of New York capitalists discovered that there was a high tariff protection on the steel industry in Canada and that high profits could be made.
		They chose Hamilton Ontario as the most suitable destination to locate a steel mill because it was close to major markets, water, and railway transportation facilities, and it was also equipped with a skilled labour force.
		Workers at Stelco's (Hamilton, ON) sheet mill were determined to organize workers into Irondale Lodge No. 1005 of the Amalgamated Association of Iron Steel and Tin Workers (AAISTW).
	socserv2.socsci.mcmaster.ca /labourstudies/onlinelearningcentre/uswacda/uswahistory/p1930.htm (867 words)

	Tourism Waikato, New Zealand - Where the grass is greener (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Tariff: single/double/twin $110-$150; extra person $15; corporate & long stay rates on application; minimum room rates may apply.
		The Cambrian is only 15km from the Hamilton International Airport and an easy 4 minute walk to the town centre of Cambridge.
		Located only 100 metres from downtown Hamilton businesses and shopping centre the Ambassador is a perfect location for corporate travellers or sports teams.
	www.waikatonz.co.nz /bd_search.asp?cat=2 (862 words)

	Schiller Institute—Lincoln by Anton Chaitkin
		Hamilton, serving as General Washington's intelligence aide, later took his and Franklin's Revolutionary bank, and made it the national bank of the republic for President Washington.
		Rather, in 1789, Washington appointed Hamilton to Treasury, to carry out Washington's republican economic policy; and he appointed Jefferson as Secretary of State, for a republican foreign policy in accordance with Jefferson's role as the principal writer in the drafting of the 1776 Declaration of Independence.
		In 1804, Hamilton campaigned against Burr's election as New York's governor, on the grounds that Burr and Boston Federalists were plotting to break off the northern states from the Union.
	www.schillerinstitute.org /fid_97-01/fid_981_lincoln.html (11174 words)

	Eco 24 Readings
		Hamilton, Report on Public Credit; First Congress, Second Session, submitted January 14, 1790, Annals of Congress, Appendix, pages 2041-2074.
		Hamilton, Report on Manufactures Second Congress, First Session, submitted December 5, 1791.
		Ely, "The Tariff and Trusts--Expenditures for Internal Improvements," from Shaw, ed., The National Revenues, 1888, pp.
	www.union.edu /PUBLIC/ECODEPT/kleind/eco024/024binder.htm (922 words)

	Washington (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Hamilton argued for a loose interpretation (pointed to "necessary and proper" and "general welfare" clauses) - implied powers
		Hamilton's argument for implied powers has generally been used since in most cases, perhaps explaining longevity of Constitution
		Southerners saw tariff as enriching Hamilton's northern friends at their expense.
	www.tnstate.edu /tcorse/20210/washington.htm (424 words)

	Tariff of 1789
		One of the major early actions of Congress was the passage of the Tariff Act of 1789, which was designed to:
		This measure was partial fulfillment of Hamilton's Report on Manufactures.
		Memorabilia related to Tariff of 1789 is at auction on eBay.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h393.html (146 words)

	THE GREAT CONSPIRACY, Part. 1. By John Logan
		It was the passage of the Tariff of 1824 that gave these crafty Free Traders their first great success in spreading their doctrine of Free Trade by coupling it with questions of slave labor, States Rights, and nullification, as laid down in the Kentucky and Virginia resolutions.
		Prior to the passage of this Tariff Act, excited assemblages met in some of the Southern States, and protested against it as an outrage upon their rights—arraying the South in seditious and treasonable attitude against not only the North but the Union, with threats of Secession.
		Hayne, in the Senate (1832)—that there were "other causes besides the Tariff" underlying that condition, and to admit that "Slaves are too improvident, too incapable of that minute, constant, delicate attention, and that persevering industry which are essential to manufacturing establishments," the existence of which would have made those States prosperous.
	www.gutenberg.org /files/7133/7133-h/7133-h.htm (10331 words)

	HAMILTON, James, Jr. (1786-1857) Bibliography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A brief notice of the death and character of Gov. Hamilton of South Carolina.
		Hamilton, of South Carolina, on the Panama Mission, delivered in the House of Representatives, April 6, 1826.
		A speech on the operation of the tariff on the interests of the South, and the constitutional means of redressing its evils: Delivered at Walterborough, on the 21st Oct. 1828, by James Hamilton, jun., at a public dinner given to him by his constituents of Colleton District.
	bioguide.congress.gov /scripts/bibdisplay.pl?index=H000110 (250 words)

	Hamilton Hotel, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire
		ncluded in our tariff is a variety of breakfasts, including the full traditional English served in the spacious dining room.
		Take exit marked Chesterton Hamilton hotel is on the right hand side 50 metres before the next roundabout.
		Hamilton Hotel is 20 metres on the left hand side
	www.smoothhound.co.uk /hotels/hamiltonho.html (334 words)

	Telecom Order CRTC 97-668
		Bell recommended that, in light of the potential for contribution avoidance which exists in such cases, the Commission should initiate a process to review this matter and determine if tariff modifications are appropriate to ensure that such configurations are captured under the contribution regime.
		In its response to the Commission's interrogatories, ACC outlined the facilities which Niagara currently leases from ACC, and stated that its investigation only examined current billing records and would not have captured circuits that may have been included in the application and which Niagara is no longer acquiring from ACC.
		Prior to 31 March 1994, the relevant portions of the tariff at the time defined "interconnecting circuit" to mean "a circuit that connects a facility of a reseller or sharing group to a facility of the Company to provide access to the Company's public switched telephone network (PSTN).
	www.crtc.gc.ca /archive/eng/Orders/1997/O97-668.htm (1040 words)

	The Civil War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Planned by Alexander Hamilton, this tariff gave an economic advantage to the North at the expense of the South.
		Invoking the doctrine of Nullification in 1832, a convention of delegates met in Charleston, South Carolina and passed the Nullification Ordinance.
		Declaring the Tariff Act unconstitutional, the ordinance pronounced it null and void in South Carolina and said duties would not be paid in that state.
	www.ourtimelines.com /zcivwar.html (880 words)

	Early Rubpublic Timeline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Hamilton submits his Reports on Public Credit outlines his financial program concerning assumption of state debts.
		Hamilton submits his Report on Manufactures to Congress calls for high tariff, federal aid for public works projects to promote U.S. industry
		Tariff Act of 1816 passed by Congress - perpetuates protective duties set during the War of 1812 to shelter developing American industries facing foreign competition.
	pinzler.com /ushistory/timeline3.html (1515 words)

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