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Topic: Hammerhead shark

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	SDNHM: Hammerhead Shark (Sphyrna zygaena)
		The hammerhead shark is rare in the waters off San Diego and northern Baja California.
		It also extends the shark's sensory systems: the eyes are placed far apart, improving its field of vision; the ampullae of Lorenzini and lateral line have a larger surface area, increasing their sensitivity.
		Hammerheads are efficient predators and feed on bony fishes, other sharks, crustaceans, and especially stingrays that they can find buried in the sand.
	www.sdnhm.org /kids/sharks/shore-to-sea/hammerhead.html (155 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for "hammerhead shark"
		Sphyrnidae (hammerhead shark; subclass Elasmobranchii, order Lamniformes) A small family of marine, occasionally brackish-water sharks characterized by the sideways expansion of the head with the eyes and nostrils located almost at the tip of the lateral expansions.
		Another shark species is found: A previously unknown species of hammerhead shark has been discovered in the southeastern Atlantic.
		The ecology of the scalloped hammerhead shark, Sphyrna lewini, in Hawaii...
	www.encyclopedia.com /searchpool.asp?target=%22hammerhead+shark%22 (1048 words)

	Welcome to Hammerhead Systems, Inc. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		That sharks have survived for over 400 million years is a testament to their staying power, and an appropriate metaphor for an early-stage company focused on serving telecommunications carriers in the post-telecom bubble.
		The hammerhead shark's 'hammer' head shape serves to optimize the surface area for the shark's electromagnetic sensors on the underside of its head.
		These electromagnetic sensors are thought to help the hammerhead shark in two ways: the first is to help locate its prey by detecting electrical impulses from the prey's heartbeats; the second is linked to the hammerhead’s migration habits, enabling the shark to follow magnetic highways via the magnetic polarity of seamounts in the ocean floor.
	www.hammerheadsystems.com /company/shark.php (632 words)

	© The American Physiological Society - Press Room - Why The Hammerhead Shark’s Head Is In The Shape It’s In
		The responses of juvenile scalloped hammerhead sharks, Sphyrna lewini, and sandbar sharks, Carcharhinus plumbeus, to prey-simulating electric fields were compared to determine if scalloped hammerhead sharks sampled a greater area of the substratum than similarly sized sandbar sharks.
		When the shark detected the odor and began to demonstrate searching behavior (as indicated by increased tail beat frequency, increased frequency of turning and swimming close to the bottom) the video camera was activated and the shark’s response to the electric field was recorded on videotape at 30 frames per second (fps).
		Hammerheads typically demonstrated a pivot orientation in which the edge of the cephalofoil closest to the dipole remained stationary while the shark bent its trunk to orient to the center of the dipole.
	www.the-aps.org /press/conference/hammerhead.htm (1773 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		Hammerhead sharks of the genus Sphyrna are members of the family Sphyrnidae.
		Hammerheads are notably the only creature in the animal kingdom besides humans to acquire a tan from prolonged exposure to sunlight.
		Since sharks do not have mineralized bones and rarely fossilize, it is their teeth alone that are commonly found as fossils.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Hammerhead_shark (892 words)

	Hammerhead Sharks
		Hammerheads are found in almost all of the tropical and warmer temperate waters of the world.
		Hammerheads are especially vulnerable due to their schooling behavior and the predictability of the schools' locations.
		Shark hunting remains largely unregulated, and if something is not done soon to change this, we may lose important members of the ancient world, and drastically offset the balance of our ocean ecosystem.
	www.moolelo.com /shark-hammerhead.html (908 words)

	Hammerhead Shark - MSN Encarta
		Hammerhead Shark, common name for about ten related species of sharks found throughout tropical and temperate seas.
		Large flattened extensions of the head give these fish a hydroplanelike lift and enable them to make sharper turns than other sharks; the eyes and nostrils, by being spaced at the ends of the hammerhead, also give them a greater ability to track prey.
		The scalloped hammerhead is classified as Sphyrna lewini, the smooth hammerhead as Sphyrna zygaena, and the bonnethead as Sphyrna tiburo.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761556855/Hammerhead_Shark.html (182 words)

	Fact Sheet: Scalloped Hammerhead Shark
		Biology of the Scalloped Hammerhead Shark (Sphyrna lewini)
		The scalloped hammerhead shark belongs to the large hammerhead species, and like all representatives of this family, has the typically formed "hammer" consisting of a central dent and an arched front edge (hence the name).
		Scalloped hammerhead sharks are found practically around the world in the coastal regions of tropical, subtropical and moderate climate zones.
	www.sharkinfo.ch /SI2_00e/slewini.html (665 words)

	Sharks.com - Great Hammerhead Shark Pictures and Information at Sharks.com
		Hammerheads do not seen to mind being stung.The great hammerhead uses the side of its head to pin a fleeing ray to the bottom.
		Senses: Great hammerheads swing their heads from side to side as they swim along, which gives them an excellent all-around view, since their eyes are right at the tips of their hammers.
		This shark has been reported to be avoided by other shark species, possibly because of its taste for elasmobranch flesh and its superior maneuverability.
	www.aasharks.com /types-of-sharks/great-hammerhead-shark.htm (546 words)

	Hammerhead shark
		All Hammerhead sharks belong to the genus Sphyrna.
		Hammerhead sharks are found in warm tropical and subtropical waters along continental shelves and coastlines all over the globe.
		Hammerhead sharks are often seen in the upper part of the so called mesopelagic zone; the drop-off adjacent to the continental shelf.
	www.aquaticcommunity.com /universal-viewid230.html (1026 words)

	Hammerhead Shark - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Shark, any of several fast-swimming, generally large fish known for their many sharp teeth, distinctive dorsal fin, and skill in locating underwater...
		- shark with wide head: a shark with a head that has a lateral extension on each side with an eye at the end.
		The hammerhead shark (genus Syhyrna) has a wide head with the eyes at the margins.
	encarta.msn.com /Hammerhead_Shark.html (181 words)

	Protect the Sharks / Shark Protection / Shark Finning / Stop Finning / Extinction of Sharks
		Partly because of their fins for shark fish fin soup, as bycatch in up to 40 miles long drift nets of enormous fishing fleets, for medically completely ineffective cartilage powder or by the destruction of their habitats.
		This kind of shark is strongly overfished and its existence in the Northeast Atlantic decreased in the last 40 years by 90 percent.
		It is a remarkable fact that a shark fin, which consists to 90% out of cartilage, is extensively tasteless and only after days of boiling up in a broth becomes soft and gets the taste of the broth.
	www.visiondive.com /sites/protection/english/shark.html (1022 words)

	BBC - Science & Nature - Articles - Hammerhead: the other great white shark
		Hammerhead sharks are known more for their weird looks than their size.
		Plenty of divers see hammerhead sharks, but it's usually the scalloped hammerhead Sphyrna lewini, which grows to about 8-10 feet and is often found in large schools in the tropics.
		There are reports of great hammerheads growing to 21 feet, and 18-foot individuals have been seen in the past two years.
	www.bbc.co.uk /nature/animals/features/311feature1.shtml (518 words)

	Another shark species is found
		Hammerhead sharks, of which there are believed to be eight species, occur worldwide.
		Hammerheads are particularly vulnerable because their fins are worth hundreds of dollars per kilogram at markets in the Far East, while their meat is much less valued.
		As a result, hammerhead abundance in the western Atlantic is believed to have declined by 89 percent since the mid-1980s, according to a study by researchers at Canada's Dalhousie University published in the journal Science in 2003.
	www.nova.edu /cwis/oceanography/ghri/newsharkspecies.html (688 words)

	Hammerhead Shark
		Hammerhead sharks are the most unique shark of all which their distinctive flat ‘hammer’ shaped head.
		Hammerhead sharks are unfortunately still targeted throughout the world for sport fishing and commercial fishing but they are abundant in areas indicating that their existence is not endangered by man yet.
		The Scalloped Hammerhead Shark is most commonly present in the coastal regions of tropical, subtropical and moderate climate zones.
	www.sharkbookings.com /hammerhead-shark.html (504 words)

	Beach-Net: The Common Hammerhead Shark
		The hammerhead is easily recognizable since it is one of the strangest looking creatures in the water.
		The shark's eyes and nostrils are at the lateral tips of the extensions.
		During the days of heavy commercial shark fishing, hammerheads were in demand for use in fish meal, liver oil and leather products.
	www.beach-net.com /Sharkhammer.html (126 words)

	Great Hammerhead Shark, Sphyrna mokarran at MarineBio.org
		The great hammerhead, however, is the largest of the 9 species of hammerhead sharks and is reported to reach up to 6.1 m in length and weigh up to 449.5 kg.
		The great hammerhead shark prefers to feed on stingrays and other batoids, groupers, and sea catfishes; it also preys on other small bony fishes, crabs, squid, other sharks, rays, and lobsters.
		Like other shark species, males have claspers, or extensions of the pelvic fins, that are used to transfer sperm to the female through her cloaca to fertilize the eggs.
	www.marinebio.org /species.asp?id=87 (1079 words)

	CSF - Great Hammerhead Shark, Sphyrna mokarran
		The great hammerhead shark is a fairly common species of shark found along the gulf coast states of the United States.
		Great hammerhead sharks can commonly reach up to 12 feet in length, but some individuals have been observed as big as 20 feet long.
		The appearance of the great hammerhead shark is gray to brown on the dorsal side and a white or lighter ventral side.
	www.coast-shark.com /ID/sharks/GreatHH (325 words)

	Hammerhead Shark. Hammerhead Shark (Sphyrna) description, pictures and links.
		Sharks - Sharks are amazing fish that have been around since long before the dinosaurs existed.
		Hammerhead sharks are one of the most highly evolved types of shark.
		Hammerheads five gills allow the shark to breathe by extracting oxygen from the water and then pushing it over the gill slits.
	www.maneatingsharks.com /Hammerhead_Shark.htm (529 words)

	Florida Museum of Natural History Ichthyology Department: Smooth Hammerhead (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The smooth hammerhead is viviparous with the eggs hatching inside the body and the embryos nourished by a yolksac placenta.
		The smooth hammerhead is taken in the shark fisheries of south Florida and the West Indies and utilized fresh, dried-salted, and smoked for human consumption.
		The smooth hammerhead is difficult to identify in high seas fisheries where observers are often not present, resulting in insufficient bycatch data.
	www.flmnh.ufl.edu /fish/Gallery/Descript/SmHammer/SmoothHammerhead.html (1422 words)

	Facts (not spin) on Hawaii's Sharks
		Sharks benefit from efforts to protect their environment Sharks are the most feared animal in the ocean.
		Sharks, with their rows of razor-sharp teeth and unblinking eyes, are the stuff of horror movies.
		After inhabiting the Earth for an estimated 450 million years, sharks are being destroyed by rising consumer demand for shark meat and increasingly efficient fishing techniques that land sharks at a rate far outpacing their relatively slow ability to reproduce, scientists say.
	www.sailhawaii.com /sharks.htm (1342 words)

	Scalloped Hammerhead (Sphyrna lewini) FAQ
		Scalloped Hammerheads are found in all tropical and warm temperate seas, from coastal areas near continents to oceanic islands far offshore.
		But Scalloped Hammerheads need not be killed to have value: in places such as San Salvador, Borneo, the Galapagos, Cocos Island, and the Sea of Cortez, schools of these sharks attract thousands of diving tourists each year, injecting millions of much-needed dollars into the local economy.
		As top-level carnivores, Scalloped Hammerheads are probably important in maintaining the ecological balance of the seas, particularly that of pelagic fishes and squids.
	www.elasmo-research.org /education/shark_profiles/hammerhead_faq.htm (1833 words)

	Hammerhead Shark Transport (Page 1)
		Hammerheads are distinguished by a distinctive 'hammer' or mallet-shaped lateral expansion of the head known as a 'cephalofoil'.
		Upon arrival, the sharks were acclimated to the water parameters of their new holding facility by slowly replacing 50% of the water in the transport vessel with water from their destination tank.
		The sharks were then transferred from the transport container to the holding tank by hand, while subjecting the animals to 'tonic immobility'.
	www.dynastymarine.net /manuscript.html (2979 words)

	Hammerhead Taxonomy
		To a greater or lesser extent, all hammerheads are characterized by unique lateral expansions of the orbital and nasal regions of the chondrocranium and associated tissues, forming a distinctive double-bladed 'cephalofoil'.
		Compagno (1979, 1988) noted that the hammerheads are morphologically most similar to the carcharhinid Scoliodon laticaudus (the spadenose shark) and hypothesised that the hammerhead sharks may share a relatively recent common ancestor with that genus.
		I therefore submit that the hammerhead 'hammer', once it appeared, became fixed under conditions of enhanced prey-locating ability (which would be expected to result in enhanced reproductive fitness) and was later modified to take advantage of hydrodynamic benefits as a secondary consideration.
	www.elasmo-research.org /education/topics/ng_hh_taxonomy.htm (1898 words)

	Hammerhead Shark -- Pictures, Animal Facts, Habitats, Video, Sound, Wallpaper -- National Geographic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Hammerhead sharks are consummate predators that use their oddly shaped heads to improve their ability to find prey.
		Hammerhead populations are not accurately known, but appear stable worldwide, and they are not considered threatened.
		Hammerheads use their wide heads to attack stingrays, pinning the winged fish against the sea floor.
	www3.nationalgeographic.com /animals/fish/hammerhead-shark.html (359 words)

	Hammerhead Sharks, Great Hammerhead Shark – EncycloMedia.com
		The Hammerhead Shark’s best known feature is the flattened shape of its head, hence the name it was given.
		Due to the shape of the hammerhead, these sharks’ sensory system is spread over a wider area and they have been reported to detect an electronic signal of half a billionth of a volt.
		Hammerheads are native to warm ocean waters usually along coastlines and continental shelves.
	www.encyclomedia.com /hammerhead_shark.html (356 words)

	hammerhead shark — FactMonster.com
		It has been suggested that the extension of the head in the plane of the pectoral fins may give the fish increased lift, but there is no evidence that hammerheads are better swimmers than other sharks.
		The bonnet, or shovelhead, shark is a small, harmless hammerhead found in the W Atlantic from Brazil to Massachusetts.
		shark - shark shark, member of a group of almost exclusively marine and predaceous fishes.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/sci/A0822557.html (278 words)

	Hammerhead Sharks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Swimming out across the reef and down a vertical wall, we were immediately aware of scalloped hammerheads scything through the water beneath us, heads sweeping from side to side.
		One of the reasons that scalloped hammerhead sharks form these enormous shoals is to do with mating.
		Hammerheads are one of the most highly evolved types of shark.
	www.liddiard.demon.co.uk /photoix/hammerhead/hammerhead.htm (434 words)

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