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Topic: Hamstring

	Hamstring injury
		Hamstring injury (hamstring tears, posteriod femoral muscle strains) is any injury to the hamstring muscle, the muscle in the back of the thighs.
		The hamstrings, which are bending the knee and straightening the hip are weaker than the opposing muscles in the front of the thigh (quadriceps).
		A hamstring injury generally causes abrupt pain in the back of the thigh when the hamstring is contracted violently and suddenly.
	www.unitedhealthdirectory.com /hamstring_injury-816.html (134 words)

	Hamstring Tidbits
		The hamstring, especially the biceps femoris, essentially is attached to the skull, since it fascially attaches to the sacrotuberous ligament, across the sacrum to the thoracolumbar fascia (TLF).
		It is apparent, therefore, that the hamstrings connect to the lumbar-pelvic spine, upper torso, shoulder and skull.
		A probable cause of recurring hamstring injury also might be the inability to adequately assess and treat the severity of the initial damage, resulting in premature return to competition at a time in which the injury is still in the remodeling phase of inflammation and repair.
	www.chiroweb.com /archives/24/05/09.html (905 words)

	Hamstrings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The biarticulate hamstring muscles [1, 3, 4 ] enter passive insufficiency through the completion of knee extension when the hips are more flexed or through the completion of hip flexion when the knees are more extended.
		The biarticulate hamstring muscles [1, 3, 4 ] enter active insufficiency through the completion of knee flexion when the hips are more extended (short head of biceps femoris [2 ] becomes more active) or through the completion of hip extension when the knees are more flexed (gluteus maximus becomes more active).
		This may be explained by the principles of detraining (aka "use it or lose it").
	www.exrx.net /Muscles/Hamstrings.html (153 words)

	The Physician and Sportsmedicine: Hamstring Strains (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		An obvious asymmetry of the hamstring muscles was visible with distal retraction of the muscle belly, and a defect was palpated immediately distal to the ischial tuberosity on the left side.
		The hamstrings consist of three muscles that run from the hip to the knee and assist with hip extension and knee flexion: the semitendinosus, the semimembranosus, and the biceps femoris (figure 2).
		Hamstring injuries are common in sports that require bursts of speed or rapid acceleration, such as soccer, track and field, football, and rugby.
	www.physsportsmed.com /issues/1996/08_96/best.htm (2590 words)

	Hamstring Injury
		Since all hamstring muscles except the biceps femoris short head originate from ishial tuberosity in the hip, sometimes the injury of its upper part is confused with other hip muscle injuries.
		Hamstring stretching is one of the most common stretching exercises that everyone is familiar with and it is easy to do.
		Since the hamstring also participates in the hip extension especially when it is flexed, barbell straight leg deadlift should be included in the hamstring strengthening work.
	www.biyee.net /running/injury/hamstring.htm (635 words)

	Hamstring Injuries (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The hamstring muscles are located in the back of the thigh and injuries can be acute or chronic.
		Chronic hamstring injuries usually arise from an improperly rehabilitated acute injury, but may occur as the result of small amounts of trauma repeated over a long period (i.e., distance running).
		One method to perform eccentric exercises with hamstring curl equipment is to raise the weight with two legs, and then slowly lower with one.
	www.rice.edu /~jenky/sports/ham.inj.html (322 words)

	Recurrent Hamstring injuries - Time-to-Run Injuries and Treatment section - diagnosis and treatment of running injuries
		The hamstrings work strongly during the "swing" (when your foot is off the ground) phase of the running cycle.
		The hamstrings contract to stabilise the knee joint, to extend your hip and, with the quadriceps, absorb vertical forces of 3.5 - 4.5 times body weight through the stance leg.
		As the hamstrings are working throughout the running cycle, there are a number of mechanisms of injury that need to be considered in order to prevent the problem from recurring.
	www.time-to-run.com /injuries/hamstring/index.htm (401 words)

	eMedicine - Hamstring Injury : Article by Herman Brad Ruiz
		Hamstring injuries are a common source of injury and chronic pain in athletes.
		An Australian study involving 1614 individuals with hamstring injuries revealed that hamstring injuries compose 54% of the injuries in rugby, 10% of the injuries in soccer, 14% of the injuries in track, and less than 2% of the injuries in tennis, squash, ballet, and gymnastics.
		In a retrospective study of the use of intramuscular corticosteroid injection for hamstring injury in professional football players, Levine et al found that players with a partial hamstring tear had no ill effects of the corticosteroid injection in terms of functional outcome; however, the follow-up timeframe was not clearly defined.
	www.emedicine.com /sports/topic45.htm (2739 words)

	Hamstring Injury
		A hamstring strain usually occurs in the centre of the thigh, unlike sciatica which will have a point of origin at the outer side of the thigh.
		This stretching exercise may be helpful for patello-femoral syndrome (pain under and around the kneecap), patellar tendinitis (inflammation of the tendon that connects the patella and tibia) and hamstring strain (overstretching or tearing of the muscles on the back of the thigh).
		Hamstring supports provide compression and stability to the affected muscle to increase the healing phase of the injury.
	www.drfoot.co.uk /Hamstring.htm (685 words)

	hamstring exercises \| hamstring stretches
		However, as hamstring fatigue builds steadily as runners complete one mile after another, the hamstrings do a poorer job of controlling (slowing down) the extension that occurs at the knee during 'swing'.
		Often, when this kind of hamstring trouble occurs in competitive runners, the athlete has reached an extremely high state of fitness and is ready to have an extraordinary race (although it can also happen when a runner simply starts a race at far too fast a pace).
		Unfortunately, the hamstrings are often somewhat tight, because most runners have trouble with hamstring inflexibility, and/or because the pre-race warm-up has done a poor job of optimizing hamstring mobility.
	www.pponline.co.uk /encyc/0206.htm (2668 words)

	injuryupdate.com.au - Australia's best information source for elite sports injuries
		The hamstring is by far the most common injury in 100m sprinters, accounting for two-thirds of all injuries in this event.
		Hamstring injuries are slightly less common in rugby league and union as the players less often reach full speed.
		Although hamstring strains differ greatly in their severity, the ‘average' hamstring strain probably takes 4-6 weeks to fully repair, rather than the 2-3 weeks that most people think.
	www.injuryupdate.com.au /injuries/thigh/hamstring_strain.php?menu=injury_details&menu2=thigh (500 words)

	Hamstring Injuries
		The semimembranosus and the semitendinous are the medial hamstrings, and the two-headed biceps femoris is the lateral hamstring.
		The location of pain may be anywhere along the entire length of the muscle, including the origin of the group on the ischial tuberosity to the pes anserinus on the medial side of the proximal tibia, and the insertion of the biceps fermoris on the proximal fibular head.
		The hamstring group inserts on both the medial and lateral side of the knee, and therefore, is the more important knee stabilizer than the quadriceps muscle group, which only crosses the anterior knee.
	www.chiroweb.com /archives/08/16/14.html (722 words)

	Bienville Orthopaedic Specialists: Article: Hamstring Strain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The hamstring is the large muscle on the back of your thigh.
		A hamstring strain is a slight tear in the muscle tissue (the Hamstring).
		Hamstring strains are most common in athletes who have not stretched out enough before a practice or a competition/event.
	www.bienvilleortho.com /index.php~practiceId=10059&dir=article&lib=Article&articleId=2181.html (512 words)

	Hamstring Injuries
		A hamstring strain is caused by an over-stretch, tear or complete rupture of one or more of the three hamstring muscles (e.g.
		Hamstring strains frequently occur at the beginning of a game/training session due to inadequate warm-up, or near the end of the game/training session when fatigue is a contributing factor
		Hamstring injuries often recur and can become long-term injuries if rehabilitation is inadequate or the progression of rehabilitation is too fast.
	www.baysiderfc.com /injuries/hamstring.htm (923 words)

	Pulled Hamstring
		Hamstring muscle strain, rupture or pulled muscle, injury to the...
		Prevention Of A Pulled Hamstring Muscle From tennis players to soccer players to runners, hamstring pulls are an injury which often can be prevented...
		For those who've experienced a pulled hamstring muscle, you know that this is, once again, the beginning of a long process which wasn't part of the plan.
	www.health-nexus.com /pulled_hamstring.htm (97 words)

	hamstring strains
		A two-season study of English football league clubs has confirmed that hamstring strains are the most common injuries in football, accounting for an average of 90 days and 15 matches missed per club per season and with a significant recurrence rate of 12%.
		The hamstrings may be particularly vulnerable to injury during running, the researchers explain, because they have to make a rapid switch from eccentric to concentric functioning during the swing phase, when they are placed under extremely high loads in an elongated position.
		Players of fl origin may be especially at risk of hamstring strains for anatomical reasons to do with the tilt of their pelvises.
	www.pponline.co.uk /encyc/hamstring-strains.html (605 words)

	Hamstring (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The main job of the hamstring muscles is to allow the leg to flex (bend) and extend.
		Hamstring injuries can occur in a number of ways, the most common is through over stretching.
		A mildly strained hamstring that is not treated properly and allowed to heal sufficiently may result in recurring strains of that hamstring.
	www.sports-health.org /body.cfm?id=81 (193 words)

	Unbound MEDLINE \| Adolescent lumbar disc herniation and hamstring tightness: review of 16 cases. Journal article
		Hamstring tightness has been reported to result from nerve root or cauda equina irritation.
		After conservative treatment, 5 cases in the hamstring tightness group were treated with discectomy, and of these, 1 case was treated with shortening osteotomy in the upper part of the bilateral femurs 10 months after the discectomy because of the persisting hamstring tightness.
		The physical examination findings and prognoses of patients with hamstring tightness are different from those of simple disc herniation patients.
	www.unboundmedicine.com /medline/ebm/record/16845356/abstract/Adolescent_lumbar_disc_herniation_and_hamstring_tightness:_review_of_16_cases (303 words)

	ESPN.com: TRAININGROOM - Hamstring injuries
		McCoy: The hamstring is a long muscle in the back part of the thigh that has an interesting component in that it crosses over two joints -- it is both a flexor of the knee and an extensor of the hip.
		As a result, the hamstring has some dual function and is a key component of any walking/running/gait pattern.
		If there is too much strength in one hamstring compared to the other, then certain running patterns or cutting moves are favored by one side, making it easier for the muscle to be strained.
	espn.go.com /trainingroom/s/1999/0901/13899.html (1298 words)

	Physical Therapy Corner: Hamstring Pull (Strain)
		A hamstring strain is an excessive stretch or tearing of muscle fibers and related tissues.
		Runners are especially susceptible to chronic hamstring strains due to the repetitive nature of the sport.
		For most second degree hamstring strains the treatment is the same as with first degree strains, however the speed of progression must be slowed and recovery will be longer (possibly 2-3 weeks).You may wish to seek professional care for a second degree strain where specialized techniques are used to enhance healing and recovery.
	www.nismat.org /ptcor/ham (1138 words)

	eMedicine - Hamstring Strain : Article by Jeffrey M Heftler, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Hamstring strain is diagnosed primarily by physical examination and history.
		When a confirmation or grading of a hamstring strain is necessary, MRI is the most sensitive test used when considering the diagnosis of hamstring strain, but it should be used sparingly because of the cost and patient discomfort.
		Physical Therapy: The key to successful recovery from a hamstring strain is recognition of the injury and of the severity of the stain.
	www.emedicine.com /pmr/topic49.htm (2917 words)

	Hamstring Injury Glossary of Terms with Definitions on MedicineNet.com
		A pulled hamstring is a common athletic injury.
		The term "injury" may be applied in medicine to damage inflicted upon oneself as in a hamstring injury or by an external agent on as in a cold injury.
		The injury may be accidental or deliberate, as with a needlestick injury.
	www.medicinenet.com /hamstring_injury/glossary.htm (1412 words)

	USATODAY.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		RHP Shawn Chacon (strained left hamstring) is on the 15-day DL (went on June 3) and is on a rehab assignment with Colorado Springs of the Pacific Coast League.
		C Todd Greene (strained right hamstring) is on the 15-day DL (went on June 6) and is on a rehab assignment with Colorado Springs of the Pacific Coast League.
		OF Terrmel Sledge (torn right hamstring) is on the 60-day DL (went on May 3), underwent surgery and is expected to miss the season.
	www.usatoday.com /sports/baseball/sbn/sbnin.htm (2094 words)

	Sports Medicine Advisor 2005.4: Hamstring Strain Rehabilitation Exercises
		You should speak to your physician or make an appointment to be seen if you have questions or concerns about this information or your medical condition.
		Hamstring stretch on wall: Lie on your back with your buttocks close to a doorway, and extend your legs straight out in front of you along the floor.
		After your hamstrings have become stronger and you feel your leg is stable, you can begin strengthening the quadriceps (the muscles in the front of the thigh) by doing lunges.
	www.med.umich.edu /1libr/sma/sma_hamstrin_rex.htm (689 words)

	Hamstring stretching exercises for sciatica
		Lie on the back, supporting the thigh behind the knee with the hand or with a towel, slowly straighten the knee until a stretch is felt in the back of the thigh, trying to get the bottom of the foot to face the ceiling, one leg at a time (Figure 23).
		Another low stress hamstring stretch is to lie back on the floor with the buttocks against a wall at a corner or by a door jamb.
		The hamstring stretches done while lying on the back are gentler and place less stress on the back than those done while sitting.
	www.spine-health.com /topics/conserv/sciaex/sciaex08.html (624 words)

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