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Topic: Hand geometry

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	Geometry - LoveToKnow 1911
		Pythagoras (q.v.), seeking the key of the universe in arithmetic and geometry, investigated logically the principles underlying the, known propositions; and this resulted in the formulation of definitions, axioms and postulates which, in addition to founding a science of geometry, permitted a crystallization, fractional, it is true, of the amorphous collection of material at hand.
		Pythagorean geometry was essentially a geometry of areas and solids; its goal was the regular solids the tetrahedron, cube, octahedron, dodecahedron and icosahedronwhich symbolized the five elements of Greek cosmology.
		Eudoxus established their mensuration, proving the pyramid and cone to have one-third the content of a prism and cylinder on the same base and of the same height, and was probably the discoverer of a proof that the volumes of spheres are as the cubes of their radii.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Geometry (20223 words)

	Hand geometry - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hand geometry is a biometric that identifies users by the shape of their hands.
		Since hand geometry is not thought to be as unique as fingerprints or retinas, fingerprinting and retina scanning remain the preferred technology for high-security applications.
		Hand geometry is very reliable when combined with other forms of identification, such as identification cards or personal identification numbers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hand_geometry (169 words)

	Hand geometry India USA France Germany Canada UK
		Hand geometry is a relatively accurate technology, but does not draw on as rich a data set as finger, face, or iris.
		Where hand geometry does have an advantage is in its FTE (failure to enroll) rates, which measure the likelihood that a user is incapable of enrolling in the system.
		Hand geometry is occasionally misunderstood as "palm reading", as the placement of the hand palm-down on the reader can be confusing to the those unfamiliar with the technology.
	www.biometricsinfo.org /handgeometry.htm (2082 words)

	Hand Geometry Recognition
		Hand geometry was one of the first biometrics to prove practical in use across a variety of real-world applications.
		Hand geometry systems work by taking a 3-dimensional view of the hand in order to determine the geometry and metrics around the finger length, height and other details.
		An important consideration with hand geometry is that an individual's hand does not significantly change after a certain age.
	www.hrsltd.com /identification_technology/hand_recognition.php (158 words)

	Untitled Document
		Although hand geometry based PI systems have enjoyed many successes over the past twenty to twenty-five years, there is still debate over the "uniqueness" and "permanence" characteristics of the geometry of the hand as a biometric.
		Hand geometry based PI is one of the better-established biometric technologies.
		Thousands of hand geometry scanners are deployed around the world and are predominantly used in a wide range of physical access control and time and attendance monitoring applications.
	www.ece.uah.edu /biometric/hand_recognition.htm (388 words)

	howbiowks
		Hand Geometry is by far the most accurate of all the biometric identification techniques as has been repeatedly demonstrated by independent government tests over the last 4 years.
		Hand Geometry has, by a wide margin, the highest level of user acceptance of all biometric techniques as proven by surveys of biometric equipment users.
		Hand Geometry is the most cost effective of all biometric techniques, in many cases rivaling the cost of more traditional card or PIN based systems.
	peninsulatime.com /howbiowks.htm (484 words)

	BIOMETRICS: HAND GEOMETRY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Authentication of identity using hand geometry is an interesting problem.
		As hand geometry is not distinctive, it is the ideal choice.
		Furthermore, hand geometry data is easier to collect.
	biometrics.cse.msu.edu /hand_geometry.html (346 words)

	Center for Unified Biometrics and Sensors:Hand Geometry Biometrics
		Biometrics such as fingerprints, hand geometry, face and voice biometrics provide a reliable alternative for identity verification and are gaining industry and citizen acceptance.
		Hand Geometry has emerged as the most suitable modality for been used for an application of medium-level security.
		Hand geometry verification systems use geometric measurements of hand as the features for the verification of individuals.
	www.cubs.buffalo.edu /handgeometry.shtml (273 words)

	Hand Geometry
		Hand geometry is essentially based on the fact that virtually every individual's hand is shaped differently than another individual's hand and which over the course of time the shape of the person's hand does not significantly change.
		The basic principle of operation behind the use of hand geometry is to measure or record the physical geometric characteristics of an individual's hand.
		Hand geometry applications are finding their way into mainstream industries including child day care centers, health clubs, and universities.
	et.wcu.edu /aidc/BioWebPages/Biometrics_Hand.html (518 words)

	Biometrics
		Hand Geometry-- Hand geometry systems use an optical camera to capture two orthogonal twodimensional images of the palm and sides of the hand, offering a balance of reliability and relative ease of use.
		Hand geometry readers can function in extreme temperatures and are not impacted by dirty hands (as fingerprint sensors can be).
		Hand geometry devices are able to withstand wide changes in temperature and function in a dusty environment.
	www.globalsecurity.org /security/systems/hand.htm (881 words)

	IBIA : International Biometric Industry Association (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Hand geometry has been aptly described as “the ‘granddaddy’ of all biometric technology devices.” It is essentially based on the fact that virtually every individual's hand is shaped differently than another individual's hand, and over the course of time, the shape of the person's hand does not significantly change.
		However, hand geometry evaluates the person’s entire hand form as a biometric identifier, while finger geometry looks only at a subset of the five fingers to form the identifier.
		Probably the widest use of finger or hand scanning is in the corporate realm, where such scanning is used in complement with employee badges, passes, and ID cards to prevent payroll fraud, a seemingly intransigent problem which has been estimated to cost employers in the U.S. alone hundreds of millions of dollars each year.
	www.ibia.org /biometrics/industrynews_view.asp?id=416 (1518 words)

	Field mice: Extracting hand geometry from electric field measurements
		In the figure, T is the transmit electrode, R is the receive electrode, H is the hand, and e is the dielectric constant of the medium in which the hand is moving.
		When the spacing from the hand to the receiver is large, the received signal goes roughly as 1/r², because the hand acts like a point object and the field falls off as 1/r².
		When the hand first touches the cube, the hand closes, and the cube "sticks" to the hand and moves with it until the hand returns to the floor, at which point the hand opens and the cube sticks to the floor, where it remains until the hand returns.
	www.research.ibm.com /journal/sj/353/sectione/smith.html (7390 words)

	MMP Activities
		Course Objective: Geometry is a vast subject with a several thousand year history and mention of geometric methods can be found in some of the earliest written human records.
		Geometry is, on the one hand, a very applicable subject comprising a collection of methods for studying properties of figures in space such as length, angle, area, volume, visual patterns and symmetry.
		On the other hand, geometry is a highly interconnected logical subject in which a few simple basic principles give rise to huge variety of geometric facts and techniques.
	www.uwm.edu /Org/MMP/_activities/geometry.html (278 words)

	Interview with Bill Spence, Ingersoll-Rand, Recognition Systems - findBIOMETRICS
		Hand geometry is very resistant to vandalism and also very resistant to challenges with regard to liveness.
		Whether that is with hand geometry technology, fingerprint technology or some other technology, what we are there to be is the biometric expert for each of the markets that we choose to serve.
		There are major national grocery chains that are using hand geometry so there is a very interesting growth pattern that is going on in that time and attendance environment and these customers are really interested in where they go from here.
	www.findbiometrics.com /Pages/feature_ingersoll.htm (3696 words)

	Smart Card Alliance - Industry News: Alliance News
		Hand geometry technology positively identifies users by the shape and size of their hands.
		His hand's geometry is then compared with the template stored either in the HandReader or by the access control system to verify identity.
		With over 70,000 hand geometry units throughout the world reading millions of hands each day, Recognition Systems, founded in 1986, is the world's pioneer of hand recognition technology used in access control, time and attendance and identification applications.
	www.smartcardalliance.org /industry_news/industry_news_item.cfm?itemID=309 (672 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The data is saved as a 20 byte template. Hand geometry does not perform 1-to-many identification, as similarities between hands are not uncommon.
		Hand scan is used reliably at thousands of places of employment, universities, apartment buildings, and airports - anyplace requiring reasonably accurate, non-intrusive authentication. The nature of hand geometry technology is such that most projects are fairly small-scale and involve only a handful of readers, but there are some projects which incorporate dozens of readers.
		Hand geometry revenues are expected to comprise approximately 2.5% of the entire biometric market. ó_¨Retina Scan¨/Fingerprint Scan Fave Scan Iris Scan Voice Scanªó` ¨AFIS¨/Fingerprint Scan Fave Scan Iris Scan Voice Scanªóa¨Multimodal Biometrics¨TA multimodal biometric system uses multiple applications to capture different types of biometrics.
	www.utdallas.edu /~bxt043000/course_F05/Lecture13.ppt (2710 words)

	TransportationInnovator - Big Brother: Biometrics, Surveillance & Security - Hand geometry systems offer proven ...
		Our hand geometry technology was specifically designed to be used in high-volume environments, where access must be tightly controlled and there is a need to provide forgery-proof identification procedures.
		Biometric hand readers simultaneously analyze over 31,000 points and instantaneously record over 90 separate measurements of an individual's hand - including length, width, thickness and surface area - to verify that the person using the device is really who he or she claims to be.
		For these reasons, biometric hand readers offer a valuable solution to enhancing security for Americans who depend on our air transportation system and who today, and tomorrow, need to be reassured that those charged with the responsibility of providing for the public's safety have evaluated and utilized every available technology to do so.
	transportationinnovator.com /index.php?articleID=882 (2566 words)

	Handbook of Information Security Management:Access Control
		Hand geometry data, the three-dimensional record of the length, width, and height of the hand and fingers is acquired by simultaneous vertical and horizontal camera images.
		Hand geometry was the original biometric system of choice of the Department of Energy and the Immigration and Naturalization Service.
		The hand geometry user file code of nine bytes is by far the smallest of any current biometric system.
	www.cccure.org /Documents/HISM/048-050.html (781 words)

	HandPunch Terminal Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Or, integrate the benefits of these hand geometry terminals into your existing time and attendance or access control system using a Windows based communication utility.
		Hand geometry scanners such as those made by RSI take over 90 measurements of the length, width, thickness, and surface area of the hand and four fingers--all in just 1 second.
		Because the scanner uses the unique shape of the user's hand to verify identity, it can be used in machine shops, factories, manufacturing plants, and almost any industrial environment where fingerprint scanners would not be ideal.
	www.pactime.com /Items/SideBar/handpunch_terminal_overview.aspx (726 words)

	World Hand Geometry Biometrics Markets - Market Research Report
		The large size of hand geometry readers restricts their use in certain applications and poses challenges in implementing the technology in applications that require small user interfaces.
		Hand geometry solutions enable significant cost savings for customers by reducing ‘time fraud’ and ‘buddy punching’ while keeping track of employees’ work hours and maintenance of payroll systems.
		The distinct advantage of hand geometry technology is that its performance remains unaffected by soiled or dirty hands.
	www.mindbranch.com /products/R1-2628.html (596 words)

	::: HandPunch Biometric Hand Recognition \| Timesoft Solutions :::
		Timesoft hand punch is a device that captures employees punch data, and verifies the employee’s identity by using hand geometry with a three-dimensional view.
		Yes, hand punch technology is very easy to use for supervisors and employees, and verification time is really fast (less than one second).
		Employees simply enter a pin number and place their hand in the unit for verification, Timesoft hand punch verifies employee’s identity by comparing their hand to a previous registered scan of their hand geometry.
	www.timesoftsystems.com /HandPunch.html (338 words)

	Owens Corning Makes the Bold Move Toward Biometrics
		“Let’s face it, your hand cannot be lost, forgotten or stolen like a password or ID card.” Orr stressed that as a non-transferable means of identification, hand geometry verifies that you are physically the person you claim to be.
		Hand geometry is among the leading forms of biometric identification in the United States.
		The biometric hand readers now in use at Owens Corning compare more than 31,000 points in less than one second to record more than 90 separate measurements — including length, width, thickness and surface area — with a previously stored template of the user’s hand.
	www.identicard.com /markets/features/owenscorning.htm (595 words)

	HandPunch Time & Attendance System
		Their hand can't be lost or forgotten, which reduces your administrative costs.
		The report shows that, in 2001, hand geometry readers continued to be the dominant biometric technology for access control and time and attendance applications.
		Hand geometry readers positively identify users by the shape and size of their hands.
	www.intersoftpos.com /HPNews.htm (605 words)

	Diebold to test new hand geometry security system at WVU residence hall, rec center
		The hand geometry system is easy to use, explained Bret Tobey, Diebold’s senior product manager for card systems, as Student Government Association leaders Chris Gregory and Don McIntyre along with Boreman North residents Sara Prutsok and Brandi Shaner demonstrated.
		If the hand is authenticated the door unlocks (or, in the case of the Rec Center, the turnstile opens).
		Also on hand for the announcement and demonstration was Mike Garrison, chief of staff to Gov. Bob Wise, who commented, "Through this project, which promises greater safety and security for students, WVU is using state-of-the-art technology to enhance customer service.
	www.nis.wvu.edu /2003_Releases/diebold.htm (984 words)

	InSpeck - leader in 3D digitizing and modeling solutions
		The hand is probably the most complex human body part to acquire in 3D.
		However, it quickly becomes difficult to get good results if a complete hand acquisition is needed, as the subject cannot keep his/her hand completely still during the time it takes to capture the many views required.
		The digitized data of the hand can be used for anthropometrics measurement, the design of custom gloves and the creation of hand orthotics.
	www.inspeck.com /products/hand/hand.asp (489 words)

	Hand Biometric access controls and Time & attendance Systems
		Time and Data Terminal with Hand Geometry Reader, for up to 512 employees (5187) punch capacity, with 2 programmable functions, battery backed memory and calendar, impact resistance plastic case, accept/reject audible tones, red/green light, RS 232 serial port, this model is designed primarily for individual locations with less than 500 employees.
		The hand’s size and the shape are used to verify their identity with unparalleled accuracy.
		Time and Data Terminal with Hand Geometry Reader, for up to 50 employees, battery backed memory and calendar, impact resistance plastic case, accept/reject audible tones, red/green light, RS 232 serial port, this model is designed primarily for individual locations with less than 100 employees.
	www.feelsafer.com /biometrics.html (5002 words)

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