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	Hans Ledwinka - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ledwinka, Hans (born in Klosterneuburg (Lower Austria),1878, died in Munich (Germany),1967) was an Austrian automobile designer.
		From 1921 to 1945, he was chief designing engineer of Tatra company in Kopřivnice, Czech Republic (the successor company of Nesselsdorfer).
		Ledwinka discussed design ideas with Ferdinand Porsche, and the similarity between his designs of Tatra cars and Porsche's 1938 Kdf-Wagen (known as the VW Beetle after World War II).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hans_Ledwinka (137 words)

	Co-Brand: Driving Today (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		All were inspired by the genius of one man, automotive engineer Hans Ledwinka, whose remarkable career extended from the horseless carriage days to the dawn of modern aerodynamics.
		Ledwinka's first design for the new Tatra marque was the T11, one of the most technically advanced cars of its day.
		In 1931, Ledwinka and Fellow engineer Erich Uberlacker became intrigued with the idea of rear-mounted engines According to their thinking, placing the engine at the rear of the car would aid aerodynamics, cut power losses in the drivetrain, position the weight over the driving wheels and create a roomier passenger cabin.
	www.drivingtoday.com /cobrand/greatest_cars/tatra77 (807 words)

	Tatra (car) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the 1930s, under Austrian engineer Hans Ledwinka and his son Erich, Tatra started building advanced, streamlined cars starting with the large Tatra T77 in 1934, the world's first production aerodynamic car.
		Ledwinka discussed his ideas with Ferdinand Porsche who used many Tatra design features in the 1938 Kdf-Wagen, later known as the VW Beetle.
		This is particularly evident when compared with the smaller T97 model which had a rear-mounted, air-cooled, flat-4 engine and rounded body styling.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tatra_(car) (896 words)

	BIOGRAPHIES
		Born in the vicinity of Vienna, in the old Austro-Hungarian Empire, Hans Ledwinka worked as a mechanic before consecrating part of his time to studies.
		Ledwinka was employed by Nesseldorf Wagenbau in 1897 (the company which later became known as Tatra), in the town of Kropvinice, which today belongs to the Czech Republic.
		Ledwinka stayed with Tatra until 1945 (with a five-year interruption at Steyr in Austria from 1916 to 1921).
	www.voitures-d-ingenieurs.com /biography.htm (2633 words)

	Ode aan de Techniek - Categorie Vervoer & Infrastructuur
		Hans Ledwinka set out with 3 main objectives in his plan for the design of the new range of Tatra motor cars in the late 1920s and 1930s.
		Ledwinka argued that the aero-dynamic shape could only be achieved by lowering the height of the vehicle.
		Initially the influence of Hans Ledwinka¹s designs was on appearances: the design-profile of other European (and American) cars became "Tatra-shaped" including a split rear window.
	www.odeaandetechniek.nl /2003/categorieen/vervoer_infrastructuur/odes/Tatra/ode-tatra.htm (661 words)

	Hans Ledwinka (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Hans (born in Klosterneuburg (Klosterneuburg is a city in lower austria with a population of 24,442....)
		Ledwinka worked for Nesselsdorfer and designed Type U, Exception Handler: No article summary found.
		Ledwinka discussed design ideas with Ferdinand Porsche (Ferdinand porsche (september 3, 1875 - january 30, 1951) was austrian automotive engineer, porsche...)
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /ref/hans_ledwinka (677 words)

	Irish Times Article - MarqueTime ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		It wasn't until Ledwinka came back and produced his Type S in 1909 and his T in 1914 that NW became established as a maker of good automobiles.
		Ledwinka, who had left the company again returned in 1921.
		After the war Ledwinka was jailed until 1951 on charges of collaboration.
	www.ireland.com /newspaper/motoring/2005/0330/95172706MOT30MARQUE.html (558 words)

	Wheelspin: from the London VW Club, mad about Volkswagens
		Baron Hans von Ringhoffer, the proprietor of the Tatra works since 1923, decided to combine Tatra with his Prague-Smichov wagon factory to create the Ringhoffer-Tatra concern.
		The remarkable T87, which happened to be Hans Ledwinka's favourite Tatra, also bowed in 1936 as a direct response to the critics of the previous model's unexceptional handling abilities.
		The weight was substantially reduced to 1370 kg (a saving of over 400 kg), accomplished by mounting a smaller 2.97-litre 75 bhp V8 made of alloy and by decreasing the length of the car (the wheelbase went from 3150 to 2850 mm).
	www.ltv-vwc.org.uk /wheelspin/ws_mar_2003/Tatra-history-pt2.htm (567 words)

	Tatra 600 - Tatraplan
		In 1897, Hans Ledwinka (1878-1967), an Austrian by birth, began to work in the Nesselsdorf factory and his bold approach soon led him to the directorship of the automobile division.
		With Hans Ledwinka in prison, goaled for alleged and unproved collaboration during the war, (Ledwinka was released in 1951 and fully rehabilitated in 1992) the factory was left without a strong designer.
		He liked the form of the car but suggested enlarging the engine capacity, redesigning the engine fan-cooling arrangement and rear axle assembly, moving the headlights from the bonnet to the edge of the front wings, introducing roof cooling vents and keeping the traditional Tatra rear fin which was missing on the prototypes.
	www.tatraplan.co.uk (1597 words)

	the TATRA pages (Automobile history chapter 1)
		Ledwinka, prior to returning, had thought hard of the possible production of a small "people's car", which the management of Steyr had dismissed outright.
		Ledwinka to Tatra signalled the emergence of the company as a maker of very technically significant and advanced automobiles.
		The T11, designed by Hans Ledwinka, was the "people's car" he had previously dreamt of.
	www.autohistories.com /tatra/Tatra_history_auto1.html (863 words)

	International Streamlined Tatra Site
		The T97 was the work of Hans Ledwinka's son Erich, who had followed up Übelacker as chief Tatra car designer in 1936.
		The lawsuit case of the patents was re-opened after the war and dragged on for years, ending in 1961 when VW eventually made a settlement paying Tatra a mere DM 3,000,000.-.
		Ledwinka never received any money himself and died in relative obscurity in 1967.
	www.tatra.demon.nl /cars_history_T97.htm (902 words)

	Quality Weenie: Today in Automotive History
		Hans Ledwinka, the engineer who created the Tatra marquee, died in Munich, Germany, at the age of 89.
		Under Ledwinka's leadership, the Rennzweier and the Type A racers were produced.
		Just after the war, Hans Ledwinka began construction of a new automobile to be marketed under the marquee Tatra, a division of the newly named Koprivnicka Wagenbau.
	qualityweenie.mu.nu /archives/161267.php (278 words)

	Results in
		Ledwinka's idea was to replace the conventional frame with a large-diameter central tube, supporting the coachwork and, at one end, a power unit.
		Meanwhile Hans Ledwinka, who had been imprisoned for six years, went to live in Germany and worked as an automotive consultant before pursuing Volkswagen for recognition and payment for using his ideas in the Beetle.
		Ledwinka died in 1967 before any conclusion had been reached.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20000603/ai_n14318154 (416 words)

	the TATRA Truck history (page 1)
		No doubt one of the greatest contributors to the manufacturer was the Austrian engineer Hans Ledwinka, who returned in 1921 for good after having left it for the Austrian Styer in 1916 due to a disagreement with the management.
		In 1925 appeared the first truck designed as a Tatra from the outset, the ones prior to it started life as Nesselsdorfers and were later renamed (the first to be happend to be a truck).
		The design of this truck, called the T13, was largely based on concepts that Hans Ledwinka had successfully applied to Tatra automobiles since the T11 of 1923.
	www.clearlight.com /~brawicz/tatra_trucks/tatra_truck_history1.html (751 words)

	Classic AutoRAI 99: pre-war cars 13
		It was built by the Ringhoffer-werke in what had become the Czechoslovakian (now Czech) republic after the first World War (before that it was part of the Austrian Habsburg realm).
		The 75 was the bigger brother of the T57, the volume model at the time, and has a 4 cylinder air-cooled boxer engine of 1688 cc, producing 30 hp and giving it a top speed of about 100 kph.
		Hans Ledwinka and Tatra definitively made their name with the 1934 T77, a revolutionary streamlined model with an air-cooled V8 engine in the back.
	www.ritzsite.demon.nl /RAI99_classic_VO/CRAI99_vo13.htm (482 words)

	International Streamlined Tatra Site
		Hans Ledwinka, the chief designer of the T77 and T77a, was not entirely satisfied with these models.
		In Ledwinka's opinion the possible successor for the T77 should have the same general design and layout, but gain considerable advantages in compactness, gracefullness and weight.
		Ledwinka's aim was to reduce the weight of the entire car and increase the weight distribution by lightening the rear end in particular.
	www.tatra.demon.nl /cars_history_T87.htm (1571 words)

	Wheelspin: from the London VW Club, mad about Volkswagens
		Both Hans Ledwinka of Tatra, and Ferdinand Porsche were contemporary car designers, and would have known about each other work.
		Since about 1930 the Tatra design team, headed by Hans Ledwinka and composed notably of Erich Uberlacker and a few other engineers, had been considering the concept of mounting an air-cooled engine at the posterior end of a back-bone chassis.
		The then chief engineer Erich Uberlacker was mainly responsible for the design and actually suggested the use of aerodynamic bodywork, for the construction of which a license from the Budd Manufacturing Co. of USA (where incidentally Hans Ledwinka's relative Joseph Ledwinka worked) was obtained.
	www.ltv-vwc.org.uk /wheelspin/ws_mar_2003/Tatra-history-pt1.htm (1117 words)

	Mailbox - 24-03-2002 - Radio Prague
		And neither Hans Ledwinka, nor his son Erich, who was the actual constructor of the Tatra V570 were charged with any unethical conduct, even when they were tried after the Second World War.
		After the war Hans was tried and sentenced to 6 years in jail for collaborating with the Germans because his work helped the Nazi war effort.
		But Hans Ledwinka did not live to receive the satisfaction, he died in Munich in 1967, having left Czechoslovakia in the 1950s after serving his sentence.
	www.radio.cz /en/article/26109 (1441 words)

	Vintage Volkswagen Association of America
		Ledwinka was born three year before Ferdinand Porsche in 1875, and just as Porsche in the Bohemian part of the Czech Republic, which at that time was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
		The highlight of Ledwinka's career came during the time he was in charge of technical development at Tatra, the Czech car manufacturer.
		While there he developed a number of highly interesting cars, most of which had these main characteristics: Backbone chassis splitting into a fork at the rear supporting the transmission and engine.
	www.vvwca.com /features/people/ledwinka (291 words)

	Auto Exotica \| Robb Report
		But for many, the true measure of a car’s worth lies in the heritage of its marque (a notion supported, our author insists, by the demand for the $200,000-plus Bristol Blenheim) or, as is the case with the Tatra 87 or the Bizzarrini GT Strada, in the role the model played in forming that heritage.
		Hans Ledwinka was an introvert, unassuming, given to talking to himself as he worked.
		Ledwinka designed automobiles for Tatra, one of Czechoslovakia’s better-known manufacturing firms, from 1897 to 1945.
	www.robbreport.com /Articles/Wheels/2003-Articles/Automobiles/Auto-Exotica.asp (341 words)

	Tatra (car) : Tatra cars
		In the 1930s under engineer Hans Ledwinka[?] and his son Erich, Tatra started building advanced, streamlined cars starting with the large T77, making them pioneers in that aspect as well.
		Ledwinka discussed design ideas with Ferdinand Porsche, and comparing the designs of Tatra cars and Porsche's 1938 Kdf-Wagen (known as the VW Beetle after the war) it is clear to see how Porsche borrowed Ledwinka's designs, particularly of the relatively small T97 model -- 4-cylinder, rear-mounted, air-cooled engine, beetle-like styling.
		In 1946 the company was nationalized by the communist regime.
	www.factspider.com /ta/tatra-cars.html (364 words)

	Volkswagen
		The origins of the company date back to 1930s Nazi Germany, and the project to build the car that would become known as the Beetle.
		Hitler's desire that almost anybody should be able to afford a car fitted with a proposal by car designer Ferdinand Porsche (1875-1952) -- although much of this design was inspired by the advanced Tatra cars of Hans Ledwinka[?].
		The intention was that ordinary working Germans would buy the car by means of a savings scheme, a scheme which around 336,000 people eventually paid into.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/vw/VW.html (1148 words)

	Hans Ledwinka - TheBestLinks.com - Austria, Automobile, Czech Republic, Germany, ...
		Hans Ledwinka - TheBestLinks.com - Austria, Automobile, Czech Republic, Germany,...
		Hans Ledwinka, Austria, Automobile, Czech Republic, Germany, Munich, Tatra...
		You can add this article to your own "watchlist" and receive e-mail notification about all changes in this page.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Hans_Ledwinka.html (167 words)

	TATRA WORLD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		All these parameters were included by Hans Ledwinka in the design of his new two-cylinder
		The wagon production that had boomed in WW I and in the years after the war, the newly founded Czechoslovakia being in need for new means transport, dropped dramatically in the early twenties.
		Ringhoffer Tatra's owners, the Ringhoffer family, were expelled without compensation because as they were regarded as Germans, the general director Hans von Ringhoffer was arrested.
	www.tatraworld.nl /tatraworld-historypage.htm (3603 words)

	[No title]
		Here is the story of all the schemes and deceits, treacheries and shady deals in the battle for the world's car markets since the dawn of the global economy fifty years ago.
		Porsche went on to glory, Ledwinka died unknown, and Volkswagen sold over 16 million Beetles. >From 1939 to 1945, GM manufactured troop transporters and airplane engines for the German army through its subsidiary Opel.
		Then it demanded compensation from the American government for the damage caused by Allied bombing raids on its factories--and got $33 million in tax exemptions! >In 1950, Toyota was forced to convert factories to bakeries to feed its starving workers.
	www.arcadepub.com /onix?isbn=1559704004 (295 words)

	Did you know? 3160 - LOL Facts - Web Software & Hosting
		The company put its faith in the talented young engineer Hans Ledwinka, and under his leadership the Rennzweier and the Type A racers were produced, demonstrating modest racing success and encouraging the beginning of large-scale production of the Type S in 1909.
		On this day in 1918, just two weeks before the end of the war on the Western front, the Moravian town of Nesselsdorf in the old Austro-Hungarian empire became the city of Koprivnicka in the newly created country of Czechoslovakia, necessitating a name change for the Nesselsdorf Wagenbau.
		Soon after the war, Hans Ledwinka and the newly named Koprivnicka Wagenbau began construction of a new automobile under the marque Tatra.
	www.gigfoot.net /lol/facts/3160.html (383 words)

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