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Topic: Hans Massaquoi

	The Remarkable Life of Hans Massaquoi
		Massaquoi was born in 1926 to a well-to-do African father and a German mother.
		Massaquoi initially supported Germany’s Max Schmeling, who was scheduled to fight Louis but quickly switched his allegiance to “the Brown Bomber” in the wake of racist remarks attributed to Schmeling.
		Massaquoi was barred from joining the German military, pursuing an education or a preparing for a professional career.
	www.loc.gov /loc/lcib/0003/black_nazi.html (802 words)

	Carolina Week
		Hans Massaquoi was born in 1926 in Hamburg, Germany.
		Massaquoi was one of just a handful of fls living in Germany at that time.
		Hans Massaquoi moved to the US in 1948, he served in the 82nd airborne in the Korean War and later became managing editor of Ebony magazine for 30 years but he'd never told his story.
	www.ibiblio.org /cw/html/scripts/best_2002/nazi.htm (372 words)

	Holocaust Survivors: Bibliography - Destined To Witness: Growing Up Black in Nazi Germany (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Massaquoi was born in Hamburg to an African Liberian father and a German mother.
		Massaquoi learned the sinister nature of the Nazi state, and that he was a marked man according to their laws.
		Massaquoi was treated decently by some Germans who saw him as an individual; he was persecuted by others who let their Nazi ideology be the filters through which they saw the world.
	www.holocaustsurvivors.org /cgi-bin/data.show.pl?di=record&da=bibliography&ke=88 (509 words)

	'A Conversation with Hans J. Massaquoi' At The Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History, Dec. 15
		Massaquoi will sign copies of his book, "Destined to Witness," an account of his incredible childhood in Nazi Germany, including the 12 years that Hitler was in power.
		Hans Massaquoi, the son of a white German mother and a fl Liberian father, lived in Germany at a time when being non-Aryan meant banishment to a concentration camp and a likely death sentence.
		Massaquoi describes his narrow escapes where he was sometimes aided by Germans sympathetic to his plight.
	www.prnewswire.com /cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=105&STORY=/www/story/12-06-2000/0001381455 (486 words)

	CNNfyi.com - Growing up black in Nazi Germany: One man's story - May 23, 2001
		Massaquoi was born in 1926 in Hamburg, Germany.
		Massaquoi said he was able to save his mother and himself from starvation by playing saxophone in clubs that catered to American soldiers.
		Massaquoi's life in New Orleans is a far cry from the neighborhoods of Hamburg.
	cnnstudentnews.cnn.com /2001/fyi/news/05/23/black.in.germany (1166 words)

	Black German Writer to Discuss Growing Up in Nazi Germany
		The son of a Liberian father from a prominent family and a German nurse, Massaquoi was born in 1926 in Hamburg, Germany.
		Massaquoi immigrated to the United States in 1950 and served in the 82nd Airborne Division during the Korean conflict.
		Massaquoi's lecture is sponsored by MHC's German studies department, African American and African studies departments, and Offices of the Dean of the College and Dean of Faculty; the German studies departments at Smith and Amherst Colleges; and the school of social sciences at Hampshire College.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /offices/comm/csj/040502/nazi.shtml (533 words)

	The City Lights Reporter - Growing Up Black (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Massaquoi's mother spotted the Nazi emblem that evening and promptly snipped it off, but a teacher had already taken a school yard snapshot of the boy wearing the badge.
		The grandfather and father wanted Massaquoi and his mother to come to Liberia with them, but she refused, saying that Hans, who had been born prematurely, was too delicate for the African climate.
		Massaquoi also tells stories of the ``swingboys,'' disaffected youths like himself who took great risks by playing and dancing to their own version of American swing music - something condemned by the regime as ``Negermusik.''``There really wasn't anything political about it,'' he said.
	www.citylightssoftware.com /reporter101.html (1956 words)

	The Daily Cougar--News Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Massaquoi was born the son of Al-Haj Massaquoi (a Liberian law student who was the son of Liberia's first ambassador to Germany) and Bertha
		Massaquoi said his initial fascination with the Nazi party came from the "brainwashing" that happened in German schools.
		Massaquoi's lecture was sponsored by the Mickey Leland Center at TSU and the Holocaust Museum Houston.
	www.stp.uh.edu /vol67/13/news/news2.html (549 words)

	Growing Up Black In Nazi Germany-Part 2
		When Hans' grandfather and extended family are recalled to Liberia, though, his delicate health prompts doctors to advise mother to keep him behind in Germany.
		Although he faces social exclusion, hostility and racist taunts at school, Massaquoi is somehow shielded by his mother's love and support, and that of some of his working-class white German neighbors.
		Even though his mother loses her job because she has a fl child and Germany becomes increasingly perilous for Massaquoi, it is awhile before he fully awakens to his particular predicament.
	www.geocities.com /reaper1147/brothers2.htm (705 words)

	CNN.com - Transcripts
		WALCOTT: Massaquoi was born in 1926 in the city of Hamburg, son of a German nurse and an African diplomat.
		MASSAQUOI: The Hitler Youth was an organization that had the boys marching through the streets blowing trumpets and fanfares and beating drums and walking around with flags waving and that sort of thing.
		Massaquoi was able to save his mother and himself from starvation by playing saxophone in clubs that cater to American soldiers.
	edition.cnn.com /TRANSCRIPTS/0105/23/nr.00.html (3728 words)

	The Chronicle - 8_Books
		Amazingly, when Hans Massaquoi was a lad in 1930s Germany, this "kinky-haired, brown-skinned boy like his blond and blue-eyed school mates" idolised Hitler.
		Child of a liaison between a wealthy Liberian diplomat and a German nurse, young Hans grew to manhood and survived the "racial madness" of Hitler's Germany.
		Hans astonishingly survived the war and found his way to the US where he became managing editor for Ebony, the leading African American periodical.
	www.chronicleworld.org /tomsite/archive2/10_BH_FD/10_BH_03.htm (1670 words)

	Amazon.com: Destined to Witness: Growing Up Black in Nazi Germany: Books: Hans J. Massaquoi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Hans Massaquoi is to be commended for his compelling honesty as he recounts his early childhood and the rise of Nazism.
		Massaquoi attributes his survival to the fact that, even in these dark hours, there were many Germans who retained their decency after it had gone totally out of style.
		Massaquoi eventually came to the U.S. after the war, served in the army, attended college on the G. bill, marched with Martin Luther King, served as the managing editor of "Ebony" magazine and met American presidents.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0688171559?v=glance (2486 words)

	Destined to Witness: Growing up Black in Nazi Germany
		The son of a well-to-do African and a white German nurse, Hans lived a privileged toddler's life befitting the grandson of a diplomat.
		Massaquoi, indeed, did have it all, keen observation, an important intelligence and a remarkable memory.
		Hans Massaquoi, Hamburg born, offers a growing-up memoir that is revelatory as well as unique.
	www.zooscape.com /cgi-bin/maitred/WhitePulp/isbn0688171559 (613 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia - Luther, Hans (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Hans Urs von Balthasar and contemporary feminist theology.
		Hans Urs von Balthasar and Protestantism; the ecumenical implications of his theological style.(book)(Brief Article)(Book Review)
		THE CONCEPT OF REPRESENTATION IN THE THEOLOGY OF HANS URS VON BALTHASAR.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/L/Luther-H1.asp (253 words)

	Florida International University: Media Release (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Massaquoi will speak on Fri., Jan. 18, at FIU-University Park as part of the MLK Commemorative Breakfast, which begins at 8 a.m.
		Massaquoi is the author of "Destined to Witness: Growing Up Black in Nazi Germany." Although he retired as managing editor from Ebony in 1997 after 39 years, he still serves the magazine as a contributing editor.
		Massaquoi's book tells of his story of struggle, self doubt and survival that follows him well beyond his years under the sinister scrutiny of the Third Reich to America, which was struggling with its own racial issues.
	news.fiu.edu /releases/new2001/12-24-luther-king.htm (501 words)

	The MixedFolks.com Library Page 1
		Also, experiences that influenced their adjustment in a country that has subjected them to racist abuses from the white as well as fl side of the racial divide and has shoehorned them into a racial category that denies half of their physiological and psychological existence are explored.
		Massaquoi, a man of mixed racial heritage, survived 12 years of Nazi terror in Germany during World War II.
		By adolescence, embittered by his perpetual outsider status, Massaquoi had come to grips with the reality of his situation and that of his mother.
	www.mixedfolks.com /books.htm (642 words)

	The Sentinel: Kennesaw State Newspaper Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Hans Massaquoi, Jr., son of a Holocaust survivor, spoke with teary eyes about his father, a fl German of the Holocaust era.
		Massaquoi's great grandfather was a diplomat from Liberia who moved his family to Germany many years before Hitler came to power.
		Things began to change as Hitler and the Nazi government gained power, and Massaquoi's father became aware of his "oddity." Massaquoi nearly broke down in tears as he told the story of teachers telling his father "he was next" to die.
	www.ksusentinel.com /media/paper402/news/2006/03/01/Features/Remembering.Blacks-1641612.shtml?norewrite&sourcedomain=www.ksusentinel.com (673 words)

	Nie: Living with the terror that you'll be next
		When Hans was a small child his teachers were hostile because of his race and assured him that descendants of Africans were on the Nazi hit list.
		Hans Massaquoi was about 6 years old when he started school in Germany in 1932.
		Massaquoi described, teachers who did not agree with Nazi ideology were slowly eliminated from classrooms.
	www.sptimes.com /News/022300/NIE/Living_with_the_terro.shtml (860 words)

	DenverPost.com - Books & Authors
		The offspring of a German nurse and a Liberian diplomat, Massaquoi was born in 1926.
		The blue collar workers of Hamburg lacked the benevolence of the wealthy, and little Hans was taunted by street urchins who called "Neger, Neger, Schornsteinfeger" (Negro, Negro, chimneysweep).
		Hans outlived the Nazi era to find that the postwar days didn't end the hardship.
	extras.denverpost.com /books/witness0416.htm (723 words)

	Former Ebony managing editor to describe his life in Nazi Germany (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Massaquoi was born in Germany in 1926 to a well-to-do African father and a German mother, said Nadera Malika-Salaam, center program coordinator.
		Massaquoi’s mother, who did not want her son growing up in a tropical climate, kept him in Germany with her.
		As a boy, Massaquoi was attracted to the Nazi party and the Hitlerjugend, a Hitler youth movement.
	www.unc.edu /news/archives/jan02/ebony012302.htm (327 words)

	Destined to Witness
		At the age of 8 he insisted that his baby sitter sew a swastika on his sweater, and he later felt rejected because, as a non-Aryan, he could not join the Hitler Youth movement.
		During liberation by British troops, Massaquoi pretended to be an American G.I., which afforded him greater prestige and work opportunities.
		His father, now a wealthy businessman, sent him a Liberian passport in 1948 and the two were reunited in Monrovia, which was rife with fl-on-fl discrimination based on class and nationality.
	partners.nytimes.com /books/00/02/20/bib/000220.rv102537.html (220 words)

	CNN.com - Growing up black in Nazi Germany: A witness remembers - August 24, 2000
		CHICAGO (AP) -- In 1933, when he was a second-grader in his native Hamburg, Hans J. Massaquoi wanted to show what a good German he was, so he cajoled his baby sitter into sewing a swastika onto his sweater.
		To young Hans, those Nazis were less fearsome than the occasional sadistic teacher or the neighborhood bullies who tormented him by chanting "Neger, Neger, Schornsteinfeger!" ("Negro, Negro, chimney sweep!").
		For Massaquoi, those years were filled with restrictions, rejections and even a certain fascination with Nazism -- particularly the Hitler Youth.
	edition.cnn.com /2000/books/news/08/24/black.in.germany.ap (1201 words)

	Santa Monica Mirror: “Growing Up Black in Nazi Germany” Author Speaks at Museum of Tolerance
		Massaquoi will speak about the alienation and terror he experienced as a child in Nazi Germany, the offspring of an African diplomat and a German nurse.
		Born in 1926 in Hamburg, Massaquoi writes, “Our schulleiter (principal) Herr Wriede announced, the biggest moment of our young lives was imminent, that fate had chosen us to be among the lucky ones privileged to behold ‘our beloved fuehrer Adolf Hitler’ with our own eyes.
		At age 22, Massaquoi was finally able to leave Germany, first joining his father’s family in Liberia, then immigrating to the United States to study aviation in Chicago.
	www.smmirror.com /volume3/issue17/growing_up_black.asp (345 words)

	Indigocafe.com :: Books :: Destined to Witness by Hans Massaquoi
		In Destined to Witness, Hans Massaquoi has crafted a beautifully rendered memoir -- an astonishing true tale of how he came of age as a fl child in Nazi Germany.
		The son of a prominent African and a German nurse, Hans remained behind with his mother when Hitler came to power, due to concerns about his fragile health, after his father returned to Liberia.
		Ironic,, moving, and deeply human, Massaquoi's account of this lonely struggle for survival brims with courage and intelligence.
	www.indigocafe.com /bookstore/book.php?TC=1501 (175 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Nazi Germany (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Hans Fritzsche — senior official of the Reich Ministry for Propaganda
		Hans von Tschammer und Osten — Secretary of State and Reich Sports Leader (1933-1943)
		Hans Friedrich Karl Günther (not to be confused with Hans Günther)
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Nazi_Germany (3814 words)

	Destined to Witness : Growing Up Black in Nazi Germany
		Massaquoi despite being a victim of racisim pointed out that not all German people supported the Nazi government.
		There Hans was born and stayed with his mother in the grandfathers' house.
		I thought it was awesome how after the war ended; Hans finally got in touch with his father after 18 years and finally got to go to Liberia to meet his father.
	www.cuppalove.com /Shopping/Details/0060959614.aspx (703 words)

	Amazon.ca: Destined to Witness: Growing Up Black in Nazi Germany: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Hans Massaquoi's life reminds us how essential it is for all of us to speak up against hatred, especially when it is espoused by the state.
		Hans was a fl growing up in Nazi Germany, I was a white Jehovah's Witness growing up in America in the 1950s.
		Hans left Germany and ended up in the United States and was then able to escape his past to some degree, although he still had problems here (in contrast, my religion was the subject of endless discussion even long after I formally resigned from the Watchtower).
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0060959614 (1331 words)

	ZoomInfo Web Summary: Hans Massaquoi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Crushed when he learned that the movement was not open to him, the boy found that as a fl child he was even barred from playgrounds under the laws of Nazi Germany.
		Hans J. Massaquoi, Author This is the first time ever in literature that a beautifully rendered memoir chronicles the experiences and ultimate survival of a Black youth growing up in Nazi Germany.
		Massaquoi eventually lived for a time in Liberia and later immigrated to the United States where he became a journalist and the managing editor of Ebony magazine.
	www.zoominfo.com /directory/Massaquoi_Hans_18902465.htm (746 words)

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