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Topic: Hanshin Expressway

	Great Hanshin earthquake - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The elevated Hanshin Expressway, in the background, was partially toppled by the earthquake.
		Ten spans of the Hanshin Expressway Route 43 in three locations in Kobe and Nishinomiya were knocked over, blocking a link that carried forty percent of Osaka-Kobe road traffic.
		Half of the elevated expressway's piers were damaged in some way, and the entire route was not reopened until September 30, 1996.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Great_Hanshin_earthquake (1651 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Hanshin
		Kobe, the principal city in the Hanshin region, is located roughly in the south central section of Honshu, the main island of Japan.
		In the densely populated, complex urban environment of the Hanshin region, the magnitude 7.2 earthquake at 5:46 a.m.
		In conclusion, the Hanshin disaster response system indicates that processes of self organization in disaster response are dependent upon a sociotechnical infrastructure that supports the timely, accurate exchange of information in a rapidly changing environment.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Hanshin (261 words)

	lghe16
		She had a great suspicion of the causes of the collapse of the Hanshin Expressway, which happened in the area where the seismic intensity was only around degree five.
		In the process of the trial, the lack of safety on Japan's expressways and the conduct of the corporation and the Ministry of Construction, which could only be taken as trying to destroy the evidence, were brought to light.
		The Hanshin Expressway Public Corporation admitted that the earthquake-resistance of the Hanshin Expressway was, in fact, only to be able to withstand an earthquake of maximum intensity five, despite what they had been propagandizing -- it would withstand a great earthquake of magnitude 8.1.
	www.shinsai.or.jp /hrc-e/publish/lessons_ghe/lghe16.html (642 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Japan Highway Public Corporation
		On October 1, 2005, JH was divided in three private enterprises, East Nippon Expressway Co., Ltd., Central Nippon Expressway Co., Ltd., and West Nippon Expressway Co., Ltd. October 1 is the 274th day of the year (275th in Leap years).
		Route of TÅhoku Expressway and Hachinohe Expressway The TÅhoku Expressway (æ±åŒ—è‡ªå‹•è»Šé“ TÅhoku jidÅsha-dÅ) is a divided highway in Japan.
		The Metropolitan Expressway (known as Shuto-kosoku in Japanese) is a network of automobile expressway built in Tokyo, Kanagawa, Saitama and Chiba prefectures in the Kanto region of Japan.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Japan-Highway-Public-Corporation (399 words)

	Spreadsheet Modeling and Analysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Hanshin Expressway was the first urban toll expressway in Osaka, Japan.
		The application of the first approach depends on whether the expressway is in a normal, steady state of operation or if any unusual events such as accidents or breakdowns have occurred.
		In the steady-state case, the Hanshin system employs the technique of linear programming to determine the highest traffic volume of the expressway, while preventing congestion and other adverse effects on the surrounding road networks.
	www.business.uiuc.edu /gmonahan/HTMLfiles/Reading3.html (327 words)

	Hanshin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hanshin Electric Railway, a railroad company in Japan
		Hanshin Nishi-Osaka Line, a branch of the Hanshin Main Line
		Hanshin Mukogawa Line, a branch of the Hanshin Main Line
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hanshin (130 words)

	Great Hanshin Earthquake Restoration -2
		The Hanshin Expressway, where the elevated roadway collapsed over a distance of about 500 meters, photograph taken in January, 1995.
		In contrast, judging from the fact that many of the old wooden houses were completely destroyed in the fires during the aftermath of the earthquake, we intend to continue to promote the reconstruction of housing and the use of fire-resistant construction materials.
		Now, after we have recovered from the hardships of the Great Hanshin Earthquake, and in order not to go through that again, we have reconfirmed the belief that it is our mission to make the most of the lessons learned from the earthquake in our city planning efforts.
	www.kkr.mlit.go.jp /en/topics_hanshin2.html (694 words)

	Nikkei Net Interactive - Business Glossary
		The term "urban expressways" refers to urban-based highways, such as the Metropolitan Expressway network in the Tokyo area and the Hanshin Expressway network in the Kansai metropolitan area that extends through the cities of Osaka, Kobe and Kyoto.
		The Hanshin Expressway Public Corp. was launched in 1962 and opened its first road, a 2.3km route in Osaka, in 1964.
		Urban expressways currently charge flat-rate tolls, but Metropolitan Expressway and Hanshin Expressway plan to adopt a system of short-distance discounts starting in fiscal 2004 for vehicles equipped to handle ETC (electronic toll collection) technology.
	www.nni.nikkei.co.jp /fr/tnks/tnkshm/glossary/u_02.html (610 words)

	STATNAMIC Case History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Close to 300,000 were left homeless by the quake, measuring 7.2 on the Richter scale and Kobe's first earthquake in 80 years.The maximum recorded horizontal peak ground acceleration in Kobe was 0.8g.
		On September 5, 1995, Berminghammer Foundation Equipment assisted Makoto Tsuzuki of Fugro Japan in testing two foundations to determine if they could be used in the reconstruction.The 1500 mm diameter, 23.4 m drilled shafts were constructed in 1970 for an access ramp to the Hanshin Expressway, which had been destroyed in the earthquake.
		Hanshin E.H.P.C. of Ashiya, Japan was the general contractor.
	www.berminghammer.com /Statnamic/16MNCase.html (220 words)

	Pollution and Waste (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Rubble from the Great Hanshin Earthquake has been cleared away faster than anticipated, but in the cleanup rush asbestos and dioxin have been released into the air and soil.
		Last year, after a 17-year legal fight with companies, the national government, and the Hanshin Expressway Public Corporation, the residents settled with 10 companies; the government and Hanshin Expressway are appealing to a higher court.
		Factories and the expressway have contaminated soil, and released into the air high levels of sulfuric acid and nitrogen oxide.
	home.att.net /~jdurbin/Waste.htm (4160 words)

	Click opera - Expressway
		I'm sure this expressway really exists in Osaka somewhere, one of Japan's many elevated urban motorways, but somehow this photo emphasised how radically strange it is to put roads on top of your buildings rather than at the base.
		In fact, it's Route 25, which isn't part of the Hanshin system (although since October the freeway companies in Japan have been semi-privatised, and Hanshin is the name of the new body in charge of all Kansai Expressways).
		Having elevated expressways is great for Japan because it doubles useful space, but if they're not reinforced properly, then Hanshin Daishinsai-like tragedy strikes and the elevated roads collapse upon hapless drivers and pedestrians alike.
	imomus.livejournal.com /163753.html (2050 words)

	KIPPO NEWS Tuesday, January 16, 1996
		Hanshin Expressway reconstruction to be completed in October
		The rebuilt highway will be more quake-resistant, with the new pillars reinforced with concrete and steel plates.To prevent the bridges from collapsing, adjacent girders will be connected using two types of restrainers.Moreover, rubber-base isolators will replace steel bearings to reduce the pressure of seismic forces.
		Last year's seminar, held under the shadow of the Great Hanshin Earthquake, had to be hastily reorganized as an earthquake reconstruction conference and convened in Osaka.
	www.kippo.or.jp /kansaiwindowhtml/news/1996-e/19960116_NEWS.HTML (755 words)

	Appendix B: Site Reports
		In its efforts to develop a carbon fiber based sheet material for use in seismic retrofit, Toray developed the Torayca cloth, which is flat unidirectional fabric consisting of carbon fiber tows held together by polyester threads in the direction of the fibers (between tows) and normal to them.
		Nineteen rectangular columns of size 2 m x 3 m x 6 m high were retrofitted using this cloth on the Hanshin expressway.
		The column retrofit was designed to enhance deformation capacity during seismic events as well as to enhance longitudinal steel which was dropped-off or cut-off over the column height in the original RC design.
	www.wtec.org /loyola/compce/b_18.htm (349 words)

	Report from the Hanshin-Awaji EQ...
		The Hanshin region of Japan comprises parts of the Hyogo, Kyoto and Osaka Prefectures to the north and east of Osaka Bay.
		The population of 12.5 million people living and working in the region is served by a complex network of modern freeways and highways built in the last thirty years (since the early 1960's).
		The closure of three major expressways in the Hanshin region has had a major societal and economic impact on the region.
	mceer.buffalo.edu /research/HighwayPrj/bullarticles/Apr95Vol9No2.asp (2310 words)

	The Great Hanshin Earthquake Disaster
		Hanshin Expressway Route 3, Kobe line (Kobe, Nada district, Fukae-Honmachi-Ashiya, Hirata) In the Fukae-Homachi area, a 500 meter section of Route 3 completely collapsed in the transverse direction onto National Road Route 43.
		However, the bridge girder of Nishinomiya-Harbor bridge of the Hanshin Expressway, which was opened to traffic in 1994, also fell down.
		A total length of 2800 m of the left levee of Yodo River, located to the southeast of Amagasaki City and to the northwest of Osaka Prefecture, was severely damaged by liquefaction (Photo.Q1).
	gees.usc.edu /GEES/Reports/Report3/japan/KOBE.HTML (3787 words)

	City of Kawanishi／The Dragon Land (The biggest playground equipment) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Kawanishi city and the Hanshin Expressway corporation maintained the area of the Hanshin Expressway Ikeda line (extended part) as the Inagawa water front area maintenance under the Expressway project.
		The extended part of the Hanshin Expressway Ikeda line in Kawanishi city opened in April 1998 is 1.44 kilo meters long.
		The local people cooperated to maintain both the Expressway and the area under the Expressway and made "The dragon land" coming now as a new symbol to hand down the history and the culture of Kawanishi city.
	www.city.kawanishi.hyogo.jp /english/intro-k/c-guidan/ss-map/dragonl/dragonl.htm (404 words)

	Damage Analysis of Hanshin Expressway Viaducts during 1995 Kobe Earthquake. I: Residual Inclination of Reinforced ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Damage Analysis of Hanshin Expressway Viaducts during 1995 Kobe Earthquake.
		The damage suffered by elevated viaducts of the Hanshin Expressway Kobe Route during the 1995 Kobe earthquake is described with emphasis on reinforced concrete (RC) piers.
		As a result, we find that the flexural residual deformation of a pier cannot explain the observed large residual inclination, but it is suggested that the pulling out of reinforcing bar from the footing can be a primary cause of the observed large residual inclination.
	www.pubs.asce.org /WWWdisplay.cgi?0500216 (259 words)

	Monthly News SEMMER 1995
		According to Dr. Kobori, a central question is whether the Hanshin Earthquake, considered a "once-in-a-century" temblor, should now serve as the basis for benchmarking seismic standards.
		While the Hanshin Earthquake showed the effectiveness of best current earthquake protection technology, the extensive damage raises questions about the feasibility of introducing advanced seismic engineering on a widespread bases.
		Left: Weakened elevated portions of the Hanshin Expressway were shored up with additional support.
	www.kajima.co.jp /topics/perspect/vol_15_3/hansin/index.html (669 words)

	Kobe earthquake 1995
		The 1995 Great Hanshin Earthquake (M=6.9), commonly referred to as the Kobe earthquake,
		The proximity of the epicenter, and the propagation of rupture directly beneath the highly populated region, help explain the great loss of life and the high level of destruction.
		The spectacular collapse of the Hanshin expressway illustrates the effects of the high (above,
	www.ce.washington.edu /~liquefaction/html/quakes/kobe/kobe.html (129 words)

	March 1996 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The bean goose, with the help of attorneys, is filing an appeal in Tokyo High Court to win damages because Ibaraki Prefecture has failed to protect its winter habitat in the town of Edosakimachi, near Lake Kasumigaura.
		Half of the area in which the goose winters is open for hunting, and plans are underway to build an expressway through it.
		A conservation group in Ibaraki, Hishikui Hogo Kikin, claims that the environmental assessment for the expressway ignores the bean goose, which is a protected species in Japan.
	home.att.net /~jdurbin/Mar96.htm (2363 words)

	PUBLIC ROADS On-Line (Autumn 1996) - Aftermath of the Kobe Earthquake
		Traffic is being rerouted along several detours; the Hanshin Expressway, the major transportation route between Osaka and Kobe, is still being repaired and/or rebuilt to more stringent seismic requirements.
		If the road clearance is insufficient and it is impossible to increase the column's cross section with the additional reinforced concrete, steel jacketing alone is then used to increase the flexural ductility and the shear strength of the column.
		Most existing bridge columns on the Hanshin Expressway network in Kobe are being retrofitted with full-height circular steel jackets.
	www.tfhrc.gov /pubrds/fall96/p96au17.htm (2996 words)

	Amazon.com: "Hanshin Expressway": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		as was evident in the overturning collapse of all 17 bents of the Higashi-Nada Viaduct of the Hanshin Expressway, Route 3, in Kobe (Figure 34.
		as was evident in the overturning collapse of all 17 bents of the Higashi-Nada Viaduct of the Hanshin Expressway, Route 3, in Kobe (Figure 2.4).
		Built in the mid- to late 1960s, the Hanshin Expressway is the main through road and is almost entirely elevated for more than 40 km.
	www.amazon.com /phrase/Hanshin-Expressway (484 words)

	Sheraton Kobe Hotels: Kobe Bay Sheraton Hotel & Towers - Hotel Rooms at sheraton.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		If driving, take the Hanshin Expressway Kobe Route, take the Maya Exit and follow the signs to Rokko Island (the hotel is about 10 minutes from the exit).
		If driving, take either the Hanshin Expressway Wangan Route, exit at Rokko Island North and follow the signs to the hotel (the hotel is about 2 minutes from the exit).
		Or take the Hanshin Expressway Kobe Route and get off at the Uozaki exit and follow the signs to Rokko Island (the hotel is about 10 minutes from the exit).
	www.starwoodhotels.com /preferredguest/property/area/directions.html?propertyID=772 (762 words)

	2-2-8: Damage to Traffic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Further, the Japan Development Bank furnishes JR-West and 11 companies with loans for disaster recovery (financing ratio is 50% of working expenses (that for subsidized business is 25%)), at 3.00% to 3.85% interest (as of May 8, 1995), whereby supporting the companies.
		Immediately after the occurrence of earthquake, traffic was blocked up on Meishin Expressway, Chugoku Driveway, Hanshin Expressway, and in 36 sections on 27 national roads under the direct control of Japanese government.
		Traffic was ensured by April 10 except traffic on Hanshin Expressway, Route 3 Kobe Line (Mukogawa-Tukimiyama) and Route 5 Wangan Line (Uozakihama-North Rokko Island).
	www.adrc.or.jp /hanshin/hakusho/English/chapter2/2-2-8.html (373 words)

	3-1-6: Emergency Transport Measures
		The traffic facilities such as roads, railroads and ports and harbors were heavily damaged by the earthquake.
		Especially, as Hanshin Expressway, National Highway Route 2 and National Highway Route 43 were damaged, the road traffic function was seriously degraded.
		On January 22, 28 and February 1, with partial recovery of the expressway, the emergency transport routes were changed, and additional routes were provided.
	www.adrc.or.jp /hanshin/hakusho/English/chapter3/3-1-6.html (1211 words)

	The Dispatch - Serving the Lexington, NC - News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		It wasn't until July 29 that all four lanes were open to traffic along one section.
		To help speed the recovery effort, the government closed most of the Hanshin Expressway network to private vehicles from 6.00am to 8.00pm daily and limited traffic to buses, taxis and other designated vehicles.
		To keep the light rail system running even though it had quite severely damaged sections, shuttle buses were commissioned to transfer patrons to stations around damaged sections.
	www.the-dispatch.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Great_Hanshin_earthquake (1474 words)

	ARI News - Highway construction: the road to bankruptcy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		It reluctantly responded to a demand by a government panel and for the first time released financial particulars of individual routes under its administration as of the end of March 2001.
		Assuming it will repay its current expressway construction debts in 50 years, JH has come out with an estimate saying it can embark on yet more construction-to the tune of 11.2 trillion yen.
		According to JH's own figures, only 13 of its 42 expressway routes are taking in enough toll revenue to offset their construction debts.
	www.aggregateresearch.com /Conference/article.asp?id=1034 (433 words)

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