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Topic: Hapalochlaena

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	Blue-ringed octopus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The blue-ringed octopuses (genus Hapalochlaena) are three or four small octopus species that live in tide pools in the Pacific, in places from Japan to Australia.
		Hapalochlaena nierstraszi - described in 1938 from a single specimen from the Bay of Bengal; the validity of this taxon has been questioned.
		Cheng MW, Caldwell RL (2000) Sex identification and mating in the blue-ringed octopus, Hapalochlaena lunulata.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Blue-ringed_octopus (679 words)

	POPPEIMAGES™ - Marine Life Images - Octopuses (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Hapalochlaena lunulata - Philippines, Camotes Island, Tulang Island.
		Hapalochlaena lunulata - Philippines, Camotes Island, Pacijan Island, Santiago Bay.
		Hapalochlaena lunulata - Philippines, Olango Island, Santa Rosa.
	www.poppe-images.com /images/search_results.php?category=Octopuses (401 words)

	Poisonous Australia Wildlife Essays -- The Biology of the Venom of Hapalochlaena Maculosa
		The Biology of the Venom of Hapalochlaena maculosa
		Hapalochlaena maculosa, commonly known as the blue-ringed octopus, is a golf ball-sized cephalopod inhabiting the waters around Tasmania and southeastern Australia with a highly potent neurotoxin that it uses as a predatory and defensive mechanism.
		H. maculosa does not actually synthesize its venom, but rather, the neurotoxin (known as maculotoxin) is produced by a bacterial symbiont of the octopus that lives in its salivary glands.
	www.123helpme.com /preview.asp?id=37804 (1627 words)

	Cast of octopuses (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Hapalochlaena lunulata (Quoy/Gaimard, 1832) (Papua New Guinea)- Hapalochlaena lunulata is one of the deadly blue-ringed octopuses.
		Hapalochlaena lunulata cannot tell the difference between males and females until they try to mate (Cheng and Caldwell, 2000).
		The reproductive biology of two species of pygmy octopuses Hapalochlaena lunulata and Octopus bocki.
	socrates.berkeley.edu /~chuffard/index_files/Cast.htm (793 words)

	Hapalochlaena maculosa, Blue-ringed Octopus at MarineBio.org
		The Blue-ringed octopus, Hapalochlaena maculosa, can be found only in the temperate waters of southern Australia, from southern Western Australia to eastern Victoria at depths ranging from 0-50 m.
		Hapalochlaena lunulata can be found in shallow reefs and tide pools from northern Australia to Japan, including Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Philippines, and Indonesia and as far west as Sri Lanka at depths ranging from 0-20 m.
		The mating ritual for the Blue ring octopus,Hapalochlaena maculosa and Hapalochlaena maculosa, begins when a male approaches a female and begins to caress her with his modified arm, the hectocotylus.
	marinebio.org /species.asp?id=403 (1126 words)

	Octopodidae
		Females of the blue-ringed octopuses (genus Hapalochlaena), carry the egg strings on their arms, enveloping them within the webs.
		They are also capable of swimming via two methods: (1) jet propulsion using the funnel (as seen in the photograph of Hapalochlaena maculosa), or (2) by pumping the arms and flared webs ("medusoid swimming").
		Many shallow-water species exhibit a remarkable match to the color and texture of the background (in spite of the fact that they are color blind!).
	tolweb.org /tree?group=Octopodidae&contgroup=Incirrata (3197 words)

	Species: Hapalochlaena lunulata
		Different Hapalochlaena species exist, all with blue spots and all venomous (probably).
		The famous species capable to kill humans (3 fatalities from 1950 to today, in Australia and Singapore), often identified as H.
		In our area confusion is possible with another Hapalochlaena sp.
	www.edge-of-reef.com /cefalopodi/CEFHapalochlaenalunulataen.htm (189 words)

	Blue-ringed octopus classification (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		All blue-ringed octopuses belong to the genus Hapalochlaena and are characterized by their small body size, considerable reduction of the ink sac, and distinctive patterns of iridescent blue rings and/or lines on their dorsal surfaces and arms.
		All are venomous and have been reported to be responsible for human fatalities.
		The fourth, Hapalochlaena nierstraszi, was described from a single preserved specimen from the Bay of Bengal and its status is uncertain.
	www.nhm.ac.uk /hosted_sites/tcp/bluering3.html (859 words)

	Blue Ring Octopus. Dangers of the Great Barrier Reef (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Hapalochlaena lunulata, which is the larger and grows up to 20cm (8 in) across its stretched tentacles.
		Hapalochlaena maculosa, is small and more common, weighing a mere 28 grams (1 oz).
		They are found in the shallow coral and rock pools of Australia.
	www.barrierreefaustralia.com /the-great-barrier-reef/blueringedoctopus.htm (628 words)

	Pharyngula
		The authors observed a number of Hapalochlaena lunulata individuals as they mated, fought, and were preyed upon, and found that they rarely produced ink, and when they did, it was thin, short-lived, and transparent—in other words, it was a pathetic and ineffectual response.
		Future studies may help elucidate whether the ink (1) subdues chemosenses; (2) is an artifact of unusually powerful mantle contractions; or (3) serves a novel use in Hapalochlaena spp.
		Huffard CL and Caldwell RL (2002) Inking in a blue-ringed octopus, Hapalochlaena lunulata with a vestigial ink sac.
	pharyngula.org /index/pirate/print/682 (455 words)

	The Berkeley Science Review: Read: Articles
		That means we don’t have to waste time, energy, and expensive candlelit dinners on someone who might turn out to have the wrong plumbing.
		The males of these pygmy cephalopods (which, by the way, pack a deadly poisonous bite) are totally unable to determine the sex of another H.
		Sex identification and mating in the blue-ringed octopus, Hapalochlaena lunulata.
	sciencereview.berkeley.edu /articles.php?issue=4&article=octopus (368 words)

	Bluering Octopuses (Hapalochlaena spec.)
		The genus Hapalochlaena contains about ten species, some of which are to be described here concisely:
		With a size of about 5 inches this octopus is among the greater specimens of the genus.
		Hapalochlaena lunulata is distributed in the western Pacific between the Philippines and Indonesia as well as from Papua New Guinea to Vanuatu.
	www.weichtiere.at /Mollusks/Kopffuesser/blauring.html (876 words)

	FamilyFun: Wildlife Finder: Blue-ringed Octopus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		There are about 150 known species of octopus.
		The closest relative of the blue-ringed octopus is Hapalochlaena lunulata; it also has blue-ring marks, as well as wavy blue stripes on its head, mantle and tentacles.
		The common octopus, Octopus vulgaris, is an intelligent and adaptable species that reaches 10' from head to tentacle-tip, and is found throughout the world's tropical and temperate oceans.
	familyfun.go.com /parenting/learn/activities/feature/blueringedoctopus_wlf/blueringedoctopus_wlf.html (279 words)

	books about: inking (abitibi-price hapalochlaena scrapbooking) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		This is a must read for any one doing any types of deals or involved in negotations.
		Inking in a blue-ringed octopus, Hapalochlaena lunulata, with a vestigial ink sac (1).
		This digital document is an article from Pacific Science, published by University of Hawaii Press on July 1, 2002.
	www.very-clever.com /books/inking (1474 words)

	Pharyngula::Octopus Sex
		We studied the reproductive behaviour of the blue-ringed octopus, Hapalochlaena lunulata, in the laboratory by examining 15 male-male and nine male-female interactions.
		The initiation of physical contact was independent of sex, size or residency status, and there were no noticeable changes in behaviour such as sexual displays associated with courtship or aggression prior to contact.
		Well, the cost is negligible except for the possibility of ending up a post-coital snack, I would think.
	pharyngula.org /index/science/comments/octopus_sex (1098 words)

	MILSTEIN HALL OF OCEAN LIFE \| American Museum of Natural History
		How is it different from life on land?
		The brilliantly colored blue ringed octopus (Hapalochlaena lunulata) hunts using a venom so powerful it can kill a human.
		The form, function and behavior of marine invertebrates reflect the diverse ways they are adapted to life in water.
	www.amnh.org /exhibitions/permanent/ocean/03_oceanlife/ai_eating.php (338 words)

	octopus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Hapalochlaena lunulata, the blue ring octopus, is an extremely toxic species.
		Luckily it is not aggressive at all: even if it is quite common around Bunaken islands, local people do not know about its toxicity.
		Recently described and still unnamed, this animal can mimic other animals.
	www.kudalaut.com /biology/octopus.htm (54 words)

	AGPix.com :: View Large Preview & Download Comp Images
		SAS11 blue ringed octopus; Hapalochlaena sp.; deadly venom can paralyze...
		Photo by Norbert Wu Caption: SAS11 blue ringed octopus; Hapalochlaena sp.; deadly venom can paralyze human’s respiratory system in eight minutes; pulses blue rings when angry; Australia
		Each catalog image is legally protected by U.S. and International copyright laws and may NOT be used for reproduction in any manner without the explicit authorization of the respective copyright holders.
	www.agpix.com /view_caption.php?image_id=50891&photog=1 (96 words)

	Deep Sea Images Library - Female Southern Blue Ring Octopus with Egg Clutch - Hapalochlaena maculosa - Natural History ...
		Female Southern Blue Ring Octopus (Hapalochlaena maculosa) holding a clutch of eggs in Edithburg, South Australia
		Keywords: Female Southern Blue Ring Octopus with Egg Clutch - Hapalochlaena maculosa
		All site contents may not be reproduced in any form without express consent.
	www.deepseaimages.com /dsilibrary/showphoto.php?photo=3429 (125 words)

	[No title]
		'; LinkedPages 'Index to Cephalopod Taxa=../../../../../cephIndex.html$Index to Cephalopod Families and Genera=../../../../../alphabetIndex.html$Glossary=../../../../../glossary/Glossary.html'; TitleGraphic Hapmale2.JPG; TitleGraphic Ameloct1.JPG; TitleGraphicCaption ' Hapalochlaena maculosa from Victoria, southern Australia, (photograph copyright © 1996, D. Paul).
		The skin also varies between species from smooth (as in Benthoctopus - top photograph) to highly sculptured (as in Octopus cyanea - bottom photograph).
		Defenses in this group range from camouflage (as seen in the photograph on the right), to ink dummy decoys, to ink smoke screens, to arm-dropping (as in Ameloctopus) and production of strong toxins advertised by distinctive colour patterns (as in Hapalochlaena).
	ag.arizona.edu /tree/eukaryotes/animals/mollusca/cephalopoda/coleoidea/octopodiformes/octopoda/incirrata/octopodidae/Octopodidae (1861 words)

	Genus Hapalochlaena. - TONMO.com Forums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Norman also has photos of several undescribed species from Australia.
		I thought (from my brief reading of Cephalopods of the World) that there were loads of species of Hapalochlaena making it very difficult to tell the difference, and they were just numbered 1-5(other than the ones mentioned).
		It looks like they have only very recently speciated- I wonder if they can interbreed at all?
	www.tonmo.com /forums/showthread.php?t=5862 (234 words)

	Blue-Ringed Octopus art - Pen and Ink Illustration by Roger Hall (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The reproduction of this original pen and ink drawing is done on high quality acid-free archival paper.
		Keywords: wildlife art, ocean wildlife art, Blue-Ringed Octopus art, Blue-Ringed Octopus picture, Blue-Ringed Octopus drawing, octopus drawing, cephalopod, octopus art, octopus illustration, art print, fl, white, pen and ink, Hapalochlaena maculosa
		All artwork on this site is considered the intellectual property of Roger Hall.
	inkart.net /art/wildlife_art/blue_ringed_octopus/blue_ringed_octopus_art.htm (118 words)

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