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	Harald Ulrik Sverdrup biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Harald Ulrik Sverdrup was born in Norway in November 1888.
		Under Sverdrup, SIO was transformed into a modern oceanographic institution, initially concentrating on study of the California Current and the Gulf of California.
		Inspired during his SIO years to unite oceanic physics and biology, Sverdrup quantified the concept of "critical depth" (formulated earlier by the Norwegian H. Gran and the American G. Riley) in 1953, explaining the onset of the spring phytoplankton bloom in newly stratified water columns.
	www.agu.org /inside/awards/sverdrup.html (590 words)

	Harald Sverdrup - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Harald Ulrik Sverdrup (November 15, 1888 – August 21, 1957) was a Norwegian oceanographer and meteorologist who made a number of important theoretical discoveries in these fields.
		Having first worked in Bergen and Leipzig he was involved in the North Polar expedition of Roald Amundsen between 1917 and 1925, before taking the chair in meteorology at Bergen, where his primary interest slowly became oceanography.
		He was made director of California's Scripps Institute of Oceanography (SIO) in 1936, initially for 3 years but the intervention of World War II meant he held the post until 1948.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Harald_Sverdrup (197 words)

	Search Encyclopedia.com
		Sverdrup, Johan Sverdrup, Johanyōhän´ svĕr´droop, 1816-92, Norwegian prime minister.
		Sverdrup, Otto Sverdrup, Ottoô´tō svĕr´droop, 1855-1930, Norwegian arctic explorer.
		Harold V Harold V or Harald V, 1937-, king of Norway (1991-); son of Olaf V. He lived in exile in Washington, D.C., during World War II and was educated at Oslo Katedralskole before taking up a military career.
	www.encyclopedia.com /searchpool.asp?target=Harald+Sverdrup (406 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page : H/HA/HAR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Harald Berg (born November 9, 1941 in Bodø) was a Norwegian playmaker and midfilder, nickname "Dutte".
		Harald III Haardraade (1015 — September 25 1066) was the king of Norway from around 1040 together with the son of Olav Haroldsson (St. Olav), Magnus the Noble.
		Harald II (-976), surnamed Gråfell (Norwegian) / Graafeld (Danish) / "Greyhide" (English), was the son of Eric Bloodaxe and a grandson of Harald Finehair.
	www.wikien.info /browse.php?title=H/HA/HAR (10982 words)

	Harald Ulrik Sverdrup, November 15, 1888—August 21, 1957 \| By William A. Nierenberg \| Biographical Memoirs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Sverdrup felt that the long years in the Arctic and the heavy responsibilities of his work as chief scientist were justified by the firsthand experience he gained in field research and data taking, but seven years away from home would seem to have overdone it.
		Sverdrup's contributions to physical oceanography were many and varied, as his publications list indicates, but his major breakthrough in the interpretation of ocean currents was his demonstration that the systematic use of the curl of the vector current greatly simplified the understanding of the movements.
		Sverdrup recognized that the curl of the surface wind stress was the primary agent in transferring mechanical energy to the ocean, usually labeled as the wind-induced curl.
	stills.nap.edu /html/biomems/hsverdrup.html (7534 words)

	Introduction to Physical Oceanography : Chapter 11 - Wind Driven Ocean Circulation - Sverdrup's Theory of the Oceanic ...
		In the first, Harald Sverdrup (1947) showed that the circulation in the upper kilometer or so of the ocean is directly related to the curl of the wind stress.
		In deriving the relationship, Sverdrup assumed that the flow is stationary, that lateral friction and molecular viscosity are small, and that turbulence near the sea surface can be described using an eddy viscosity.
		Sverdrup's relationship is so central to theories of the ocean circulation that almost all discussions assume it to be valid without any comment at all and proceed to calculate its consequences for higher-order dynamics...
	oceanworld.tamu.edu /resources/ocng_textbook/chapter11/chapter11_01.htm (1477 words)

	WHOI : Media Relations : Press Release : WHOI Scientist Honored by American Meteorological Society (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Sverdrup Gold Medal, one of the society's highest honors, is given periodically to researchers who make outstanding contributions to the scientific knowledge of interactions between the oceans and the atmosphere.
		The award is named for Norwegian scientist and explorer Harald Ulrik Sverdrup, recognized as the founder of the modern school of physical oceanography.
		The oceanographic term Sverdrup, or "a unit of volume transport equal to one million cubic meters per second," is named for him.
	www.whoi.edu /mr/pr.do?id=925 (538 words)

	THE LOYALTY CASE OF HARALD SVERDRUP: NATIVISM IN AMERICAN SCIENCE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Although Sverdrup’s integrity was defended on the highest levels of U.S. science, doubt was cast upon him by faculty at SIO, who accused him of being a Nazi sympathizer.
		In being denied access to major areas of scientific work, Sverdrup’s position as a leader of American oceanography was undermined, as his vision of international oceanography in pursuit of natural knowledge gave way to the interpretation of oceanography as a matter of national security.
		Sverdrup's case is illustrative of the difficulties that foreign-born scientists have sometimes had in American science.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2001AM/finalprogram/abstract_25862.htm (433 words)

	A Century of Students
		Upon Vaughan's retirement in 1936, Norwegian scientist Harald Sverdrup was recruited as the institution's third director.
		Sverdrup required all students to complete core courses in physical oceanography, marine chemistry, biological oceanography, and marine geology before pursuing their specialized subdisciplines.
		This teaching format, the "Sverdrup curriculum," became the model for graduate education in oceanography at many institutions both in the United States and Europe.
	sio.ucsd.edu /explorations/students/sverdrup.html (295 words)

	Harald Sverdrup
		Harald Ulrik Sverdrup (November 1888-August 1957) was a Norwegian oceanographer and meteorologist who made a number of important theoretical discoveries in the field.
		Having first worked in Bergen and Leipzig he was involved in the North Polar expedition of Roald Amundsen between 1917 and 1925, before taking the chair in meteorolgy at Bergen, where his primary interest slowly became oceanography.
		The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ha/Harald_Sverdrup.html (185 words)

	Archives of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography
		Harald Ulrik Sverdrup was born in Sogndal on November 15, 1888 into a distinguished Norwegian family of theologians, jurists and professors with connections to the Grieg family.
		Harald Sverdrup standing in profile on the far right at the Carnegie Institution of Washington during the winter of 1921-1922 when he was awaiting repairs to the propeller of R/V MAUD
		Sverdrup announced his intention to leave California in 1948 to return to Norway where he became head of the Norwegian Polar Institute and professor of geophysics at the University of Oslo.
	scilib.ucsd.edu /sio/archives/siohstry/sverdrup-biog.html (2421 words)

	Harald Sverdrup Article, HaraldSverdrup Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Harald Ulrik Sverdrup (November 15, 1888 –; August 21, 1957) was a Norwegian oceanographer and meteorologist who made a number ofimportant theoretical discoveries in these fields.
		Having first worked in Bergen and Leipzig he was involved in the North Polarexpedition of Roald Amundsen between 1917 and 1925, before taking the chair in meteorology at Bergen, where hisprimary interest slowly became oceanography.
		He was made director of California's Scripps Institute of Oceanography (SIO) in 1936, initially for 3 years but theintervention of World War II meant he held the post until 1948.
	www.anoca.org /he/norwegian/harald_sverdrup.html (256 words)

	04-25-00 Final Horning lecture to look at science, military (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		One focus of the lecture will be the case of Harald Sverdrup, who in 1941 was denied security clearance to work on Navy-sponsored research in underwater acoustics applied to anti-submarine warfare.
		Sverdrup, the Norwegian-born director of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in La Jolla, Calif., was a world-renowned oceanographer and explorer.
		The government claimed a threat of flmail involving the security of Sverdrup's family in occupied Norway was the basis of his security denial.
	oregonstate.edu /dept/ncs/newsarch/2000/Apr00/naomi.htm (324 words)

	Norwegian Authors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Harald Sverdrup was born on May 29th 1923 in Vestvågøy and died recently.
		Harald Sverdrup was a good translator of foreign poetry.
		Sverdrup's poem "The Gulf Stream was published in 1969.
	home.online.no /~anlun/tipi/authors.htm (624 words)

	Harald Sverdrup World War II oceanographer Norwegian November 15 National Academy of Sciences biography Roald Amundsen ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Harald Sverdrup World War II oceanographer Norwegian November 15 National Academy of Sciences biography Roald Amundsen meteorologist A unit of volume flux Swedish August 21
		Among scientists I have known, I have three heroes: Harald Sverdrup, Roger Revelle, and Sir Geoffrey Taylor.
		Harald was President of IAPSO 1946-48, and Roger 1963-67.
	en.powerwissen.com /5oGGw%7C%7CSL%7C%7CdGK3MbHPciQGzqfA%3D%3D_Harald_Sverdrup.html (289 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The sverdrup (Sv) is a measure of how much water is transported by ocean currents.
		The unit is named after the oceanographer Harald Sverdrup (1888-1957).
		One sverdrup is one million cubic metres of water per second.
	www.soc.soton.ac.uk /lso/teaching/o4s/gl/s/sverdrup.html (36 words)

	Harald Sverdrup - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Harald Sverdrup - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		This page was last modified 13:26, 20 Jun 2005.
		This encyclopedia, history, geography and biography article about Harald Sverdrup contains research on
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Harald_Sverdrup (215 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Many friends remarked that the two men were unusually close, even for brothers.
		After his father's death, he and his brothers allied with King Harald Gormson of Denmark against King Haakon.
		Harald Kreutzberg (1902 - 1968) German dancer and choreographer.
	www.hostingciamca.com /browse.php?title=H/HA/HAR (10982 words)

	AIP International Catalog of Sources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Records of the Director (Harald Ulrik Sverdrup), 1943-1955.
		The material was generated and received by SIO Directors Harald Ulrik Sverdrup (1943-1948), Carl Eckart (1948-1950), and Roger Randall Dougan Revelle (1950-1955).
		Early files document the move to establish an Institute of Geophysics at the University of California and the selection of staff members, a director, and an advisory board.
	www.aip.org /history/catalog/356.html (276 words)

	Harald Sverdrup Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
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	www.karr.net /search/encyclopedia/Harald_Sverdrup (372 words)

	The Papers of Harald Ulrich Sverdrupin the Dartmouth College Library
		Sverdrup was a meteorologist and oceanographer who had a keen interest and important experience in Polar exploration.
		On the basis of his knowledge of pack ice and of the Polar Sea, Sverdrup believed a submarine could cross the Polar basin from Spitzbergen to the Bering Sea.
		On the Nautilusvoyage, Sverdrup observed more light and oxygen under the ice than had been expected.
	diglib.dartmouth.edu /library/ead/html/stem164.html (284 words)

	What about sverdrup? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Jacobs Sverdrup, a subsidiary of Jacobs Engineering, provides advanced technology engineering services to Government, commercial aerospace, and automotive industry clients worldwide.
		Updated: 2004-04-20 by Lars This site is hosted by Bindal Kommune Otto Sverdrups place of birth NEW: Otto Sverdrup stamps to be issued in Canada, Greenland and Norway in 2004 - on the one.
		HARALD ULRIK SVERDRUP (1888-1957) Harald Ulrik Sverdrup was born in Norway in November 1888.
	sverdrup.doitfast.net (298 words)

	President's Invited Lecture
		When I returned to the Scripps Institution at the end of W.W.II as a student of Harald Sverdrup, physical oceanography was still practiced in the tradition of the Challenger expedition, with a few isolated research vessels probing the world oceans.
		But about ten times this power is needed for downward diffusion (presumably along topographic features) to maintain the abyssal stratification against the formation of 25 Sverdrup's of deep and bottom water, for otherwise the ocean would fill up with cold water in 3000 years.
		When Harald Sverdrup and I worked on wave predictions during W.W.II, we fitted waves to discrete sinusoids.
	www.olympus.net /biz/IAPSO/JointAssembly97/munk/munk.html (3197 words)

	November 15 - Today in Science History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Harald Ulrik Sverdrup was a Norwegian meteorologist and oceanographer known for his studies of the physics, chemistry, and biology of the oceans.
		He explained the equatorial countercurrents and helped develop the method of predicting surf and breakers.
		In 1953, Sverdrup quantified the concept of "critical depth", explaining the onset of the spring phytoplankton bloom in newly stratified water columns.
	www.todayinsci.com /11/11_15.htm (3201 words)

	Encyclopedia: Harald Sverdrup (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Updated 131 days 15 hours 2 minutes ago.
		A unit of volume flux bears his name.
		Click for other authoritative sources for this topic (summarised at Factbites.com).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Harald-Sverdrup (549 words)

	Calspace - Glossary of Terms - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Founded in 1903, its most renowned directors were the Norwegian oceanographer Harald U. Sverdrup (1888-1957) and the American geologist and geophysicist Roger R. Revelle (1909-1991).
		Sverdrup, Harald U. (1888-1957): Norwegian oceanographer and Arctic explorer.
		Sverdrup made fundamental contributions to the understanding of the circulation of the ocean and was the lead author of the textbook that defined the modern field of oceanography (Sverdrup, H. Johnson, R. Fleming,
	calspace.ucsd.edu /virtualmuseum/Glossary_Climate/gloss_s-z.shtml (3118 words)

	ns94_pg3.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		It was established in 1990 by Johan N. Sverdrup of St. Louis in memory of his father, Major General Leif J. Sverdrup, a 1918 graduate from Augsburg College.
		The objectives of the Sverdrup Visiting Scientist Program are, first, to provide an opportunity for Augsburg students and faculty to interact on a personal basis with scientists of national stature.
		This year's Sverdrup Visiting Scientist was Dr. Walter Munk of Scripps Institute of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego.
	www.aem.umn.edu /msgc/north_star/sum94/sum94_pg3.html (586 words)

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