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	EUE: HARARGHE FARMERS BETWEEN SUSTENANCE & CASH ECONOMY - Title
		The Hararghe area is situated in the eastern part of Ethiopia, 200 to 400 kms east of the capital city Addis Ababa, some 300 kms south of Djibouti and 250 kms west of Hargeisa towns.
		In Hararghe coffee is generally grown at altitudes ranging from around 1,700m to 2,000m asl, the lower limit being determined by the average amount of rainfall (1,000 mm) and distribution and the higher by the ambient temperature (best growth with average daily maximum temperatures of 24º C).
		Coffee producers of East Hararghe and Mesela generally process their coffee on the farm to sell clean coffee beans, whereas the coffee produced in the central and southern part of West Hararghe (Kuni, Habro, Boke, Darolebu) is sold as dried cherries, the hulling being done by the traders.
	www.africa.upenn.edu /Hornet/hararghe998.html (6673 words)

	Oromo Gospel -- QORANAA/RESEARCH
		Hararghe is one of the recently commenced missionary frontier of Evangelical Christianity.
		Where as the traditional religions within Hararghe are still characterized by orality when it comes to their heritage and teaching documentations, partly because of their diversity and rapid development into essential diversity.
		It appears among the population of Hararghe at large as a plant enjoying divine blessings and the Adares or Hararis honor it as a sacred plant.
	www.oromogospel.org /research/chat.html (19060 words)

	EUE: West And East Hararghe after the Meher Harvest, 01/98
		Both zones of Hararghe, West and East, located in Oromyia Region, are characterised by a diversity of agro-climatic conditions which determine the composition of the rural economy.
		Unlike other areas in Ethiopia, the Hararghe mid- and highlands enjoy a terrain which, in addition to food crops, also favours the extensive cultivation of cash crops such as coffee and chat, a mildly narcotic leaf appreciated as a stimulant in many parts of the Horn of Africa as well as in Arab countries.
		However, Hararghe also has its vulnerable areas with unstable food security, mainly in the lowlands and in pockets at higher altitude, where a significant dependency on suitable rainfall patterns goes along with development deficits and structural poverty.
	www.africa.upenn.edu /Hornet/harag198.html (4657 words)

	Assessments: East Africa Drought, Ethiopia: Hararghe food security hampered by long-term drought conditions and ...
		ICRC is distributing seed in Gursum and Fedis woredas of East Hararghe, and in Boke and Darolebu Woredas of West Hararghe together with food aid.
		According to DPPD East Hararghe, 2,150 hectares of land have been identified in Jimma Arjo (East Wellega) and 8,774 hectares in West Wellega that are suitable for resettlement.
		In Girawa and Golo Oda Woredas of East Hararghe Zone, and in Darolebu, Habro, Kuni and Mieso Woredas of West Hararghe Zone, urgent water interventions are necessary in order to service and maintain water points such as boreholes with mechanical pumping mechanisms, particularly in the lowlands.
	www.reliefweb.int /rw/rwb.nsf/db900SID/ACOS-64CRVT?OpenDocument (5499 words)

	Assessments: East Africa Drought, Ethiopia: Hararghe & Shinille zone food security assessment
		Hararghe is characterized by steep slopes in high- and mid-highlands and by flat plains in lowland areas.
		According to Hararghe Catholic Secretariat (HCS), shortage of supplementary food led to a deterioration in the nutritional status in the woreda, where beneficiaries received supplementary food such as CSB (=Corn-Soya-Blend) only twice during six food aid distributions in 2003.
		While the Western Hararghe lowlands of Chiro and Mieso Woredas are affected by drought, heavy rains in Anchar, Boke and Daro Lebu Woredas recently led to landslides, which devastated crops.
	www.reliefweb.int /rw/rwb.nsf/AllDocsByUNID/6bf44476b81af164c1256d6d003df217 (5730 words)

	Oromo Nationalist II
		His knowledge of the geography of the administrative region of Hararghe, its rivers, valleys, fertile plains, hills, lowlands and mountains were the topics of some of his poems.
		Among the Oromo in Hararghe, Shaykh Bakrii Saphalo was a recognized authority in several branches of knowledge including (but not limited to) history, geography, Oromo law, and tradition, the gada system, science and mathematics.
		Among the Oromo in Hararghe Shaykh Bakrii Saphalo was an outstanding scholar and a prolific writer.
	www.oromiannationalacademy.com /oro_nationalist_2.htm (2175 words)

	International Medical Corps \| Avoiding Disaster in Ethiopia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		This was not the case at the Chiro Therapeutic Feeding Center (TFC) in West Hararghe, Ethiopia.
		Meeting the food needs of the population and addressing the related needs for water and sanitation as well as the emergent health issues of the current crisis is critical to averting a disaster that will otherwise escalate to potentially unmanageable proportions.
		She traveled to Ethiopia for assessments in October 2002 and in April 2003 to monitor the progress of IMC's West Hararghe program, and to conduct a new assessment in SNNP region.
	www.imcworldwide.org /fieldnotes/ethiopiaAbla.html (1004 words)

	Special Reports & Alerts - Ethiopia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The only obvious exception was noticed in the highlands of Hararghe where farm systems have evolved including the fattening of draught oxen on hand-fed thinnings from the late sown sorghum cro p.
		Lowland areas in the region were less fortunate, particularly in West Hararghe and North Shoa, where all lowland woredas have reported crop failures to varying degrees compared to adjacent middleland and highland woredas where conditions have been most favourable and good crops were observed.
		Given the favourable conditions early in the season, replanting was unnecessary except in lowland woredas in West Hararghe, and as local seed supply was good the planted area was extended.
	www.fao.org /docrep/004/w0039e/w0039e00.htm (10273 words)

	Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)
		Although bean and maize intercropping is a common practice in the Hararghe highlands, quantitative information is lacking on the productivity of the system, its influence on bean yield and yield components, and the performance of bean cultivars under various intercropping patterns.
		The experiments were conducted during the summer seasons of 1993 and 1994, at the Alemaya University of Agriculture (AUA) experimental field station, East Hararghe (9 degrees 26'N, 42 degrees 3'E, altitude 1980 m), on cultivated alluvial soil.
		The inclusion of a nitrogen fixing legume in the system could improve fertility of the Hararghe highlands' soils which are continuously depleted because of continuous maize and sorghum cultivation.
	www.bioline.org.br /request?cs97003 (2840 words)

	harda
		In fact, NGO’s presently active in and around Hararghe are presumed to have distributed in 1992 almost 80,000 metric tons of relief food supplies in the “food-for-work” mode alone to an estimated beneficiary total population of 556,234 persons.
		The Hararghe region, which still considers the city of Harar as its spiritual metropolis, has a total population of almost 5,217,400 CSA 1992 projection) of which 4,649,500 are rural residents.
		Reducing the larger Hararghe scale a further step to consider Eastern Hararghe alone: Only six hospitals (built during the Italian occupation and earlier) ill-equipped three health centres and 73 “hypothetical” health stations serve a population of over 2,470,000.
	www.harda.50megs.com /ogj.html (1513 words)

	Message from Etff founders
		In this paper we will present different agroforestry practices and their potential, as well as research needs on the Ethiopian Highlands based on a Diagnostic and Design survey conducted by ICRAF and the Technical Committee for Agroforestry in Ethiopia in 1990.
		The sorghum/maize and chat (Catha edulis) hedgerow intercropping in the Hararghe Highlands of eastern Ethiopia is one such example.
		Bishaw, B. Contribution of Forestry to the Rural Devlopment in the Hararghe Highlands, Ethiopia, A case study in the Legeambo Project.
	www.etff.org /Newsite/articles/article_agrobad.html (5098 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Africa \| Ethiopia faces 'green drought'
		In the villages of West Hararghe, traditionally the breadbasket of Ethiopia, where productive crops like coffee, maize and sorghum are harvested, the situation is rapidly deteriorating, aid agencies say.
		"West Hararghe has always been a food-secure area and now that this area is suffering, it indicates the magnitude of the crisis," he told international donors in Addis Ababa.
		However, West Hararghe is just one area in Ethiopia where the suffering is evident.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/africa/2307369.stm (927 words)

	Save the Children Report: Food The Security Crisis in Ethiopia
		Worst affected in terms of low, unpredictable rains were the highlands of East and West Hararghe, parts of Arsi, and East Shewa Zone in Oromia region, parts of the SNNPR and Wag Hamra and North and South Wollo in Amhara Region as well as Eastern and Southern Tigray.
		In East Hararghe there have been good Belg rains, but farmers have been unable to plant due to a lack of seeds from last year's failed crop.
		In the West Hararghe lowlands the rains came but were late, also causing problems.
	www.addistribune.com /Archives/2003/10/31-10-03/Report.htm (2637 words)

	Hararghe - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hararghe, sometimes spelled Harerge, was a province in the eastern part of Ethiopia, with its capital in Harar.
		With the adoption of the constitution in 1995, Hararghe was divided between the Oromia and Somali Regions, forming a large part of the latter.
		This page was last modified 16:03, 1 June 2006.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hararghe (87 words)

	Title page for ETD etd-09022005-120433
		The thesis presented the results of an investigation into livelihood strategies of rural households in the Hararghe Highlands in the context of population pressure.
		The sustainable livelihood framework for analysing rural livelihoods in the context of population pressure was modified in the thesis to guide the analyses.
		The study showed that subdivision and fragmentation of agricultural land and re-emergence of landlessness have accompanied the unprecedented population growth in the Hararghe Highlands.
	upetd.up.ac.za /thesis/available/etd-09022005-120433 (453 words)

	Concern over food for the displaced (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Most of the displaced have arrived from West and East Hararghe since last May/June due to a shortage of cultivable land.
		The statement said that although the Oromiya State government had identified a permanent site for the displaced, "it is not clear when and under which conditions the displaced in the camp will be resettled".
		MSF has expressed its concern to the authorities and is seeking an improved general food distribution for the camp residents.
	www.irinnews.org /print.asp?ReportID=32726 (409 words)

	Ethiopia: Major operation aids drought victims
		The first trucks loaded with cereals, pulses and oil left their Red Cross logistic bases for remote areas of Darolebu district, in the West Hararghe zone of Oromiya region.
		In parallel with the emergency food distributions, local varieties of seed will be handed out in the coming weeks so that people in the region can start growing their own food again.
		A recent field evaluation has shown these areas to be among those worst affected by the lack of rain in 2002.
	www.icrc.org /Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/5K7MSB (357 words)

	Oxfam - Ethiopia - Time for coffee or chat?
		In Burqa Jalala, East Hararghe, there is an old and sprawling coffee tree whose owner died many years ago.
		After his death his family decided not to touch the tree but to keep it in his memory as a meeting place for the local community.
		On the one hand chat is a profitable cash crop, which is replacing an unprofitable cash crop – coffee, whose market is collapsing and where the price has plunged by more than 70 per cent in the last four years.
	www.oxfam.org.uk /what_we_do/where_we_work/ethiopia/coffeeorchat.htm (935 words)

	Oromo Nationalist IV
		In short, at least in Hararghe the entire colonial state machinery was stuffed from top to bottom by[ Amhara].
		Making use of the new alphabet and purporting to be a work of religious instruction, this composition is from beginning to end a caustically worded indictment of Amhara colonial oppression and an account of the suffering of the Oromo under this regime.
		Rarely had aspiration for freedom, equality and democracy and terror against the Oromo been such close neighbors as they were in 1977-78 in Hararghe.
	www.oromiannationalacademy.com /oro_nationalist_4.htm (3821 words)

	Eri24
		The previous regime first denied the problem, then obstructed aid deliveries, because its leaders did not mind if people from rebellious parts of the country, which was then embroiled in a civil war, starved to death.
		In West Hararghe, in eastern Ethiopia, fields of sorghum have wilted, the maize crop has dried to flaky husks, and people are reduced to eating roots to survive.
		To the north-east, the Afar desert is even drier than usual, and the region's 1.3m nomads are losing their cattle at an alarming rate.
	eri24.com /news2208.htm (716 words)

	International Medical Corps \| Nutritional Crisis in Ethiopia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In response to these urgent needs, IMC has successfully implemented emergency nutrition and health programs in West Hararghe, Sidama and Wolita Zones.
		The focus of the programs centers on the identification and treatment of moderately and severely malnourished children and the training of national staff to effectively provide appropriate nutritional services.
		This process is critical to averting a longer-term humanitarian crisis that might otherwise escalate to potentially unmanageable proportions.
	www.imcworldwide.org /programs/ethiopiaCrisis.html (365 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Africa \| Ethiopia faces 'green drought'
		That, he said, could lead to "a large-scale humanitarian crisis" affecting up to 14 million people in Ethiopia - the equivalent of the population affected by drought in the southern African region - if action was not taken soon.
		Over the weekend, the UN official visited Ethiopia's West Hararghe Zone, in Eastern Oromia region, one of the worst-hit areas in the country.
		"Rather, what you see is a pleasant light green in many part of West Hararghe," Mr Oshima told the donors in Addis Ababa.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/low/world/africa/2307369.stm (956 words)

	Winnipeg EOC donation press release by CARE-ETHIOPIA
		CARE Ethiopia will be using this money in combination with several other private donations to provide much needed assistance to hospitals and clinics in drought affected areas of West Hararghe.
		Specifically CARE plans to use this donation to provide Chiro hospital in West Hararghe with medical supplies and infrastructural repairs.
		Chiro hospital is one of just two hospitals serving the 1.4 million inhabitants of the West Hararghe zone.
	www.st-mary-wpg.org /the_care_pressrelease.html (740 words)

	The Ethiopian Herald < CARE-Ethiopia (Bid Description)>
		CARE-Ethiopia has secured/received a grant budget from a Donor called OFDA, USAID towards the construction of Biko Water Supply Project, which is located in Meyu Woreda of Eastern Hararghe Zone, Oromia Region.
		Bids must be delivered to East Hararghe Water Resources Office before Thursday May 29, 2003 and must be accompanied by a bid bond of 1% of the bid amount in acceptable (Insurance, CPO, or bank guarantee) form.
		Bids will be opened in the presence of bidders/representatives who choose to attend at 3:00 P.M. on Thursday May 29, 2003 at East Hararghe Zone Administration Office.
	www.ethiomarket.com /bid/2003/may03/may10_care_ethiopia.htm (235 words)

	FAO: SD : People : The challenge of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in rural Ethiopia: Averting the crisis in low AIDS-impacted ...
		This presents a window of opportunity for addressing the epidemic in rural areas before it takes a debilitating grip on rural livelihoods.
		The paper reports on the findings from fieldwork conducted in two rural communities in Kersa woreda, Eastern Hararghe Zone, Oromiya Region, located in eastern Ethiopia.
		The study set out to identify the status of the epidemic in the urban hinterland and rural areas; potential sources of susceptibility to infection for different members of rural households; and potential bridging populations.
	www.fao.org /sd/dim_pe3/pe3_040402_en.htm (326 words)

	Micronutrient and Health - West Hararghe (MICAH)
		The MICAH Program has been implemented in the past five years along with DAP, in CARE's operational area of West Hararghe and East Hararghe.
		The program had a significant impacts on the community: VAD has been reduced significantly among preschool and school aged children, knowledge of mothers about key micronutrients and nutrition has improved considerably.
		The focus of the training will be micronutrient deficiencieis, nutrition -including timely initiation of breastfeeding and introduction of complementary feeding- EPI, ARI, and CDD.
	www.care.org /careswork/projects/ETH056.asp (1279 words)

	April 19 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Reliable sources have confirmed that more than 10,000 prisoners are found in Hararghe region alone and most of these are incarcerated without due process for alleged political offenses.
		There are guerrilla movements fighting against the government in the region.
		The negation of due process and the mass trial and condemnation shows an attempt on the part of the government to cover up its responsibilities since people have accused it for neglecting the forest fires (much like the famine) and causing so much damage.
	www.socepp.de /april_19.htm (415 words)

	Drought pushes Ethiopia coffee farmers into poverty
		With one of her nine children at her side, 60-year-old Meyomuna harks back to a time in Bedeno in the Hararghe region when rain filled wells to the brim, nourishing the crop of Harar coffee -- one of the world's best quality beans.
		Deprived of that income, families are fighting for survival.
		The severity of the drought afflicting up to three million people in Hararghe is revealed starkly at Lake Adele, 30 km (20 miles) from the historic city of Harar, famous for its fields of qat -- a stimulant prized across the region.
	www.globalexchange.org /campaigns/fairtrade/coffee/600.html (613 words)

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