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Topic: Harari language

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Harari (Ḣarari / ሐረሪ) is a Semitic language from Ethiopia.
		The Harari migrant community in Melbourne, Australia, have set up langauge schools to teach the Harari language to their children.
		The local language school has adopted a Latin script orthography to facilitate teaching the Harari language to young children.
	www.openroad.net.au /languages/african/harari (176 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Harari language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Hararis have achieved the highest cultural resource of the present day and succeeded in registering their name among the peoples of ancient civilization of the middle east and Asia.
		The Hararis have enjoyed centuries of prosperity and economic and social progress under their own sovereign government and had attained the highest status in human civilization comparative with other regions of Ethiopia before it fell a century ago, under the yoke of the far backward feudal rule headed by barbarous war lords of Shoa.
		The census reveals that the rate of in-migration to the Harari regions in the 12 months prior to the census was 1.6 percent, where as the migration in the four years before the census constituted 7.8 percent of the region's population.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Harari-language (245 words)

	Ethnologue 14 report for language code:HAR
		The following is the entry for this language as it appeared in the 14th edition (2000).
		It has been superseded by the corresponding entry in the 15th edition (2005).
		21,283 mother tongue speakers, 7,766 second language speakers, 21,757 in the ethnic group, 2,351 monolinguals (1998 census).
	www.ethnologue.com /show_language.asp?code=HAR (92 words)

	Oren's blog
		Well, their expertise in the Russian language and culture was quickly harnessed (in other words, they got involved in planning discussions and implementation processes), and it helped Wolters Kluwer structure a good 50.50 joint venture with the goal of taking over 100% of the Russian business in five years.
		The company’s strong position in central Europe, with the language and cultural affinity that goes with it, will now be systematically leveraged for new growth opportunities.
		Its language is a bit stilted (hey, it’s half-a-century old) and it’s written in military-speak, but the message is on target for any organization today.
	www.harari.com /blog (6917 words)

	FDRE States-Basic Information, Harrari (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Harari is one of the most popular historical towns in the Eastern part of Ethiopia.
		Harari language is the official language of the State.
		Harari lies 51 kilometers to the south east of DireDawa.
	www.ethiopar.net /English/basinfo/infohrrr.htm (558 words)

	CHAPTER I
		Hararis have achieved the highest cultural resource of the present day and succeeded in registering their name among the peoples of ancient civilization of the middle east and Asia.
		The Hararis have enjoyed centuries of prosperity and economic and social progress under their own sovereign government and had attained the highest status in human civilization comparative with other regions of Ethiopia before it fell a century ago, under the yoke of the far backward feudal rule headed by barbarous war lords of Shoa.
		The census reveals that the rate of in-migration to the Harari regions in the 12 months prior to the census was 1.6 percent, where as the migration in the four years before the census constituted 7.8 percent of the region's population.
	easd.org.za /afenstr/ethiopia/ch1har.htm (4620 words)

	book (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Harari manuscripts binding, as Burton observed over a century ago are, in the main, exceedingly well produced fashioned from brownish leather, and firmly pressed in a stout vice tightened by means of a wooden screw, they consist of two covers, held together by the spine of the book.
		Harari manuscripts decoration, which is confined to the outside surface to the cover, is based on block-printing and the etching of straight lines.
		Harari binding which, which for the moment at least is a dead art, required considerable manual dexterity.
	www.harar.50megs.com /book.html (1142 words)

	Exerts From "Amharic Verb Morphology: A Generative Approach"
		Not only are the languages spoken by most Ethiopians genetically related, but (as Ferguson 1970 and 1976 has shown) the phenomenon of diffusion of traits over a large area has resulted in even more sharing of common features than one would expect among languages of three coordinate branches of a super-family.
		Harari is spoken by about 15,000 of the Muslim inhabitants of the old walled city of Harer in the highlands of eastern Ethiopia.
		Harari is one of the remnants of a probable East Gurage continuum extending from the present East Gurage area south of Addis Ababa to Harer.
	www.abyssiniagateway.net /info/bender.html (1976 words)

	The Origin of Geometry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Whence the origin appears, we pass from one language to another, the language said to be natural presupposes a dialectical schema, and this schema, drawn or written in the sand, as such, is the first of the geometric idealities.
		There we have an easy passage between the natural language and the new language, a passage which can be carried out on the multiple condition that we take into consideration two different languages, two different writing systems and their common ties.
		Here no language is unknown or undecipherable, no side of the stone causes problems; what is in question is the edge common to the two sides, their common border; what is in question is the stone itself.
	acnet.pratt.edu /~arch543p/readings/origin_of_geometry.html (3851 words)

	The Origin of Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Each level of information functions as an unconscious for the global level bordering it, as a closed or relatively isolated system in relationship to which the noise-information couple, when it crosses the edge, is reversed and which the subsequent system decodes or deciphers.
		In each link of the series the question of language is formulated and reformulated by the transformation of the message, the channel, and the noise: by translation.
		The body is an extraordinarily complex system that creates language from information and noise, with as many mediations as there are integrating levels, with as many changes in sign for the function which just occupied our attention.
	acnet.pratt.edu /~arch543p/readings/origin_of_language.html (5659 words)

	Multimedia Languages and Marketing
		Multimedia Languages and Marketing believes in providing value to our clients with competitive rates to ensure long-term relationships are made and kept.
		We take this opportunity to thank the Multimedia Languages team on a job well done and can recommend their services to other prospective clients requiring translation work.
		At all times we found the agreed delivery dates for translation material were met, either on, or before time and attention to detail by Multimedia ensured their translated documentation accurately reflected the original wording.
	www.2m.com.au (610 words)

	Semitic Languages (and the Phoenician language)
		Ancient languages spoken by non-Arab population of these many Middle Easter countries continue to survive in the dialects/languages of everyday life and the roots of the older languages of the Phoenician, Aramaic, Syriac, Assyrian, Coptic...etc. are still evident.
		Aramaic spread with tremendous speed, and by the 6th century BC was being used as the administrative language and lingua franca of the entire Middle East, all the way from Afghanistan in the Persian Empire to Egypt.
		Ancient languages spoken by non-Arab population of these countries continue to survive in the dialects/languages of everyday life and the roots of the older languages of the Phoenician, Aramaic, Syriac, Assyrian, Coptic...etc. are still evident.
	phoenicia.org /semlang.html (2757 words)

	!!! ZIG AND ZAG'S OPEN DISCUSSION FORUM !!!
		It is, however, characteristic of many of the languages of the Middle East that they have survived in religious literature for centuries after the spoken language became extinct.
		These are the Syriac language (or to use a better term, Syriac dialect because Syriac is a dialect of Aramaic and not a language on its own) of the Christians, Jewish Babylonian Aramaic and Mandaean, the language of the Mandaean Gnostic sect.
		It diverged from the South Arabian languages around the beginning of the Christian era, reaching its greatest extension in the 4th century AD, when it was spoken especially in the kingdom of Aksum on either side of the present-day border of Ethiopia and Eritrea.
	pub44.bravenet.com /forum/3778865049/fetch/845095 (2690 words)

	FSI Amharic Basic Course
		Amharic is the official language of Ethiopia, and is the native language of some 6 million people.
		Amharic is the official language of the Ethiopian Empire and used in government, in business, in all instruction in government schools, and in most newspapers.
		The purpose of this course is to teach the language as it is spoken in the capital of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa.
	www.multilingualbooks.com /fsi-amharic.html (1322 words)

	ch3har
		Harari region is located in the eastern part of Ethiopia between latitude of 90 51 and 90 201 North and between longitudes of 420 and 420 151 4511 East.
		The capabilities of Harari's to achieve this level of civilization and material development is clearly the reflection of the human development, as the material level of development is known to determine the level of consciousness and intellect, and vise versa.
		In case of Harari's, it is not arguable that they have not only produced such men in their long history, but also they provide it in their present generation.
	www.easd.org.za /afenstr/ethiopia/ch3har.htm (10110 words)

	wais:topics:english as world language: maurice harari (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		WAIS Chairman Maurice Harari, Secretary General Emeritus of IAUP, writes: Let me confirm that the official language of IAUP (The International Association of University Presidents) is English.
		Then, to avoid offending those using the other language, the speaker sometimes switches to the other language in the middle of his speech.
		The proceedings appear in both languages, with recriminations about the accuracy of the translations.
	www.stanford.edu /group/wais/ztopics/week100804/language_041010_englishworldlangharari.htm (235 words)

	Ethiopia, Harari peoples of \| www.30-days.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Until 1974 the Harari were almost uniquely found in the city of Harar, and the city is at the centre of so much of their lives.
		The Harari are strong oral communicators, and missionaries must adapt their methods to work with this people group by developing their ability to tell Bible stories orally.
		Harari women are being cheated of their spiritual birthright by Islam, which tells them their souls are of little value.
	www.30-days.net /email03/day09.htm (730 words)

	The U of MT -- Mansfield Library LangFing Semitic, pt. 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		You have reached the second page on Semitic Languages, which is just one part of the "Language Finger" homepage, which is an index by language to the holdings of the Mansfield Library of The University of Montana.
		updated 4-29-2003 Geez (Afro-Asiatic) is the literary language developed by missionaries for the translation of the scriptures after the Christianization of Ethiopia in the 4th century A.D. It is the official language of the Ethiopian Christian church, and is written with the Ethiopic alphabet.
		It was the language of the Ugaritic civilization in the ancient Near East.
	www.lib.umt.edu /guide/lang/semite2h.htm (1306 words)

	The Unreached Peoples Prayer Profiles
		While the Harari are called Adere by their ethnic neighbors (the Somali, the Oromo, the Argobba, and the Amhara), they refer to themselves as ge usu, or "the people of the city." They call their way of life ge 'ada ("the etiquette of the city") and their language ge sinan ("the city language").
		Harari society is characterized by a complex set of obligations and ties, which provides a strong sense of social solidarity and excludes outsiders.
		The staple dish of the Harari is a spicy stew made with meat, potatoes, and vegetables, and eaten with sourdough bread.
	kcm.co.kr /bethany_eng/p_code4/1821.html (776 words)

	MultiMedia Languages & Marketing provides quality translations into all languages, working only with NAATI* accredited ...
		MultiMedia Languages & Marketing provides quality translations into all languages, working only with NAATI* accredited and qualified translators.
		All translators hold NAATI (National Accreditation Authority for Translators and Interpreters) accreditation at the highest level and/or post graduate degrees in Translation and Interpreting.
		In some languages NAATI “recognition” is available and for language where no NAATI accreditation nor NAATI recognition is available, we work with universities and other tertiary institutions as well as multicultural organizations in Australia to identify the most suitable language speakers in those emerging language groups.
	www.2m.com.au /language_overview.php?a=1 (96 words)

	Language families, groups, subgroups of languages.
		Languages spoken in Nigeria, Cameroon and Chad: Biu-Mandara, Masa, Hausa, Bole, Tangale, Angas, Yivom, Fyer, Ron, Bade, Duwai, Boghom, Guruntum, Zaar
		Languages of the Andaman Islands in the gulf of Bengala
		Language spoken in the Hunza valley, in Pakistan.
	www.planetservices.it /english/language-family-groups.htm (715 words)

	HARARI NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Harari lies 51 kilometers to the south east of Dire Dawa.
		The Harari language is the official language of the regional state.
		According to the 1994 census result the composition of the population of the Harari region indicates that 60.3% are Muslims, 38.2% are Orthodox Christian, 0.9% Protestants, 0.5% Catholics, and 0.1% followers of other religion groups.
	www.harar.50megs.com /hnrs.htm (546 words)

	Gadaa.com - Language
		The Oromo language is very closely related to Konso, with more than fifty percent of the words in common, closely related to Somali and distantly related to Afar and Saho.
		Oromiffa is considered one of the five most widely spoken languages from among the approximately 1000 languages of Africa, (Gragg, 1982).
		It is a language spoken in common by several members of many of the nationalities like Harari, Anuak, Barta, Sidama, Gurage, etc., who are neighbors to Oromo.
	www.gadaa.com /language.html (713 words)

	amharic language translation, language of ethiopia, semitic language, Amharic የአማርኛ ...
		Amharic (አማርኛ) is a Semitic language spoken in Ethiopia.
		Outside Ethiopia, Amharic is the language of some 2.7 million emigrants (notably in Egypt, Israel and Sweden), and is spoken in Eritrea by Eritrean deportees from Ethiopia.
		Semitic languages were among the earliest to attain a written form, with Akkadian writing beginning in the middle of the third millennium BC.
	www.ethiotrans.com /amharic2.htm (898 words)

	ASM Supplementary No. 18 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Harari and Amharinya are Semitic languages, Orominya and Somalinya are Cushitic languages: Agrobbinya is extinct; the Argobba speak mostly Orominya (personal communication.
		The intricate patterns show a richness of color combinations for which already in the last century imported chemical dyes were used although natural dyes were known, and informants were still able to give me the recipes how to prepare them.
		Mastership in basketmaking and in arranging baskets in a Harari house showed that the artists and housewife knew the skills and rules of this fine art, and she thus indicated that she was a member of the élite group of the Harari.
	jambo.africa.kyoto-u.ac.jp /kiroku/asm_suppl/abstracts/ASM_s18.html (423 words)

	Language Log: Language relationships: families, grafts, prisons
		The metaphor of family trees for the relation among languages is a commonplace during the centuries before Darwin.
		From the context, it appears that what Burton means by the "grafting" metaphor is a milder version of what creolists would mean by talking about a semitic lexifier on an "indigenous" substrate.
		That is, he sees the four cited languages as "sisters", but does not see their relationship to Arabic in terms of the slightly more distant "family connection" of Afro-asiatic, as more recent scholars would, but instead sees only contact effects at different time depths.
	itre.cis.upenn.edu /~myl/languagelog/archives/000217.html (850 words)

	Table of Contents and Excerpt, Fitz, Sexuality and Being in the Poststructuralist Universe of Clarice Lispector
		Dealing relentlessly with the play of language in the construction of our varied identities, Lispector's narratives illustrate how the basically ontological and epistemological problems posed by poststructural thought appear when they are developed in the context of the human experience by a gifted creative writer rather than by abstract theoreticians.
		Given the complexity of these issues, Lispector's reader is forced to confront her narratives from a number of interrelated critical and philosophical perspectives, among which the issue of language, in its peculiar relationship to both knowing (epistemology) and being (ontology), emerges as the decisive factor.
		It is this self-consciously conflictive attitude about the relationship between language, being, and meaning that animates Lispector's singular style, and that lies, restively, behind her sense of her own work as constituting a "humble quest" to for something that lies forever beyond it.
	www.utexas.edu /utpress/excerpts/exfitsex.html (3566 words)

	Universiteit Leiden
		South Semitic languages are a branch of the Semitic languages.
		The study of the South Semitic languages of Ethiopia, such as Amharic, Tigre, Tigrinya, Gurage, Harari gained momentum in the second half of the twentieth century.
		The South Semitic languages of Oman and Yemen that are still spoken today, generally known under the name "Modern South Arabian languages" have received relatively little attention.
	www.let.leidenuniv.nl /talengids/zuidsem.htm (1133 words)

	Poststructuralism
		Tel Quel was committed to bringing about the collapse of the idea that language is either instrumental or decorous.
		So Barthes can say “Literature is alone today in bearing the entire responsibility of language.” This would be because all other discourses fail to reflect on their being discourses.
		If the only part of language we were interested in was its function as statement then we’d all be scientists, predicating objects of all kinds with qualities, attributes and causes and declaring statements true or false or even establishing conditions according to which truth and falsity could be guaranteed.
	courses.nus.edu.sg /course/elljwp/poststructuralism.htm (1754 words)

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