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	Britain.tv Wikipedia - Russians (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Russians are the most numerous ethnic group in Europe and one of the largest in the world with a population of about 137 million people worldwide.
		Russians (ä¿ç½—æ—¯æ—) are one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China (as the Russ), and there are approximately 15,600 Russian Chinese living mostly in northern Xinjiang, and also in Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang.
		Ethnic Russians known as Great Russians (as oppose to White Russians and Little Russians) began to be recognized as a distinct ethnic group in the 15th century, when they were referred to as Muscovite Russians, during the consolidation of Muscovy Tsardom as a regional power.
	www.britain.tv /wikipedia.php?title=Russians (1289 words)

	HARBIN RUSSIAN IMPRINTS:
		Harbin, a city in northeastern China (formerly Manchuria), was the center of a Russian colony from 1898 to 1917 and host to the primary Russian presence in the region.
		Russians originally came to the area to build and operate the Chinese Eastern Railway (CER); after the Russian Revolution, Harbin became one of many enclaves for the first wave of Russian emigration.
		Harbin Russians were caught in the ongoing political struggle first between Tsarist Russia and China and later between the USSR, China, and Japan.
	www.rosspub.com /harbin.htm (515 words)

	Harbin Russians - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Harbin Russians or Russian Harbinites were three generations of Russians who lived in the city of Harbin, Manchuria, the junction city of the Chinese Eastern Railway (CER), from approximately 1898 to the mid-1960s.
		Harbin had a total of 68,549 subjects of either the Russian or Chinese Empires, and consisted of fifty-three different nationalities.
		Harbin also consisted of forty-five spoken languages with Russian and Chinese as the dominant tongues.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Harbin_Russians (941 words)

	Out of the Frying Pan, into the Fire: Russian Immigrants in China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Harbin, where the headquarters of the East China Railway (ECR) Administration were situated, and the railway line was protected by 500 officers and 25,000 soldiers of the Trans-Amur Military District.
		Refusing to trade in the Russian territories in exchange for support in the war against Bolsheviks, he preferred to pay for military supplies and provisions upfront from the Russian Imperial reserve of 645 million golden roubles which was seized by the Whites in Kazan in August 1918.
		Russian immigrants did not have much time to spare because in October 1949 the communists with their people’s tribunals took power in China and urged all “foreigners” to repatriate.
	www.fortunecity.com /meltingpot/champion/65/immigrants.htm (5543 words)

	Harbin, China
		Referred to as the "pearl under the swan's neck", it is an artistic and symbolic reference to Harbin's geographical position as a powerhouse city under the neck of the wing-stretched, swan-shaped Heilongjiang Province.
		Harbin established its status as the center of Northeast China and an international metropolis.
		Harbin residents were forced to learn Japanese and suffered political prejudice under the virtual Japanese rule.
	worldfacts.us /China-Harbin.htm (1365 words)

	[No title]
		By January, Harbin's city streets, parks and even sidewalks are filled with huge multistoried ice castles, sculpted animals, replicas of statues and famous buildings, fortresses and obscure pieces of art -- all made from snow or carved ice and brightly lit with multicolored neon bulbs.
		Russian architecture looks strangely out of place in the Chinese city of more than 3 million, and the influence, some say, extends even to the Christian community.
		The biggest challenge for churches in Harbin is to become relevant to the young people of the city, he says.
	www.bpnews.net /storydownload.asp?ID=14047 (1515 words)

	R Todd King: China Photos 2005 - Harbin Winter
		Harbin, far from the fighting, became a wartime boom town with plenty of business opportunities; its population soared to a quarter-million.
		Harbin’s population swelled with rich White Russian refugees streaming to this relic of prerevolutionary Russia to continue their previous lives.
		Harbin was vital to the communist effort: not only did it serve as its headquarters in Manchuria during the civil war, producing military supplies for its troops, but as the first major city under communist control, it also served as a training ground for practicing communist economics and leadership in cities.
	www.rtoddking.com /chinawin2005_hb_hi.htm (1381 words)

	Harbin - Destination Guide - Hotel Near (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Harbin was a small fishing village on the Songhua River - the name means "where the fishing nets are dried" - until world history intervened.
		It's possible to eat in Russian restaurants, and the locals have picked up on some of their neighbour's customs: as well as developing a taste for ice cream and pastries, Harbin's residents have a reputation as the hardest drinkers in China.
		Harbin is more a recreational centre than a cultural mecca, a good place to shop and explore the streets.
	www.hotelnear.com /194/250/'an-Harbin.html (1453 words)

	[No title]
		The Russian exiles, cast by the tidal wave of the revolution out of their motherland, on the shores of different foreign countries, have brought with them one single treasure - the Orthodox Faith that was their guiding light in the hard times of their emigrant lives and helped them overcome all hardships and adversities.
		Our Russian women had hard lives, most of them had to support their families by working in factories, laundries, hotels, but despite all that they always found time to make costumes for the shows, showing particular skill in the making of boyar costumes, of which no less than fifty were made.
		Let me name here the talented Russian singers who labored much for the Church and to the glory of Russian culture: Lidia Antonovna Panovskaya (nee Kritova), a truly charming soprano, she was the gem of our choir, and her performances in concert were hugely popular not just with Russians, but with Canadians as well.
	www.holyres.org /history/memoirs/portnoffe.htm (2949 words)

	Fleeing Revolution
		Von Arnold's father was the city's Russian police chief, and her mother was a dentist and founder of the city's College of Dentistry.
		The Russian community in China continued to thrive but oppression by the Chinese Communists, coupled with their wish to expel Russians from the country, soon forced a second wave of emigration.
		Now Russian scholars and others have taken an interest in the subject, but the papers in the museum's collection are in such fragile condition that increased use by historians would add to their decay.
	www.neh.gov /news/humanities/2001-05/russianemigres.html (2000 words)

	Roy's Antiques - Roy's Publications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Russian Parliament, the Duma, was disbanded at gunpoint and democracy in Russia ceased.
		Russian paper money was now worthless, and many of the goods the refugees had were not very portable, so they transmuted much of their wealth into silver.
		Frequently Harbin silver is polished and gilded on the interior of the spoon bowls and fork tynes, while the rest of the surface is matted, or pounced, rather like the surface on brushed stainless steel.
	www.roys-antiques.com.au /harbin.htm (1196 words)

	Russians - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		There are also small Russian communities in the Balkans, Eastern and Central European nations such as the Czech Republic, as well as in China and Latin America.
		Russians began to be recognized as a distinct ethnic group in the 15th century, when they were referred to as Muscovite Russians, during the consolidation of Muscovy Tsardom as a regional power.
		Others believe that the distinguishing feature of the Russians is not primarily their separation from Western Rus, but that ethnic Russians are a mix of East Slavic and non-Slavic, for example (Finnic, Germanic, and Baltic tribes).
	www.higiena-system.com /wiki/link-Russians (1104 words)

	CBS News \| China Sends Team to Probe Toxic Spill
		Hundreds of villagers were being evacuated near Harbin on the Songhua River as toxic benzene flowed past, while a Russian city downstream braced for its arrival.
		In Harbin, a line of some 500 people stretching for 100 yards waited in windy, subzero weather in a working class district on the city's east side for water to come by truck.
		The Nov. 13 explosion at a chemical plant in Jilin, about 120 miles southeast of Harbin, highlighted complaints that the government is failing to protect the public from the environmental damage caused by China's roaring economic growth.
	www.cbsnews.com /stories/2005/11/25/ap/world/mainD8E3MLL8B.shtml (964 words)

	SOULD ON ICE: A Chinese city's challenge
		By January, Harbin's city streets, parks and even sidewalks are filled with huge multistoried ice castles, sculpted animals, replicas of statues and famous buildings, fortresses and obscure pieces of art--all made from snow or carved ice and brightly lit with multicolored neon bulbs.
		Phillip, a Chinese pastor of a registered church, agreed, noting the biggest challenge for churches in Harbin is to become relevant to the young people of the city.
		These movers and shakers are the future of Harbin, especially as China's capitalism grows--and they're the hardest to reach with the gospel, she said.
	www.baptiststandard.com /2002/9_2/pages/china.html (1335 words)

	Songhua Benzene Spill in Jilin, China \| Sprol
		Russians are stocking up on mineral water and officials are digging emergency wells in case the benzene is still dangerous by the time it arrives, in about two weeks.
		A water industry official in Harbin, who spoke on condition of anonymity, said it was likely that farmers and others living in rural areas between Jilin and Harbin were not informed of the spill and drank or used the contaminated water.
		Harbin officials learned of the slick on Nov. 18 and began discussing a shutdown of the municipal water supply the next day.
	www.sprol.com /?p=289 (954 words)

	Harbin, China
		Harbin lies on a fertile plain on the banks of the Songhuajiang river, in the south of China's northernmost province.
		From the late 19th C onwards the village gradually grew into a town, aided by the building by the Russians of the first rail link, part of the Trans-Siberian Railway.
		As well as other foreigners, many Russians settled here in the early years of this century, especially in the wake of the October Revolution of 1917, and this is witnessed by the large number of Russian churches and houses to be seen in the town.
	www.planetware.com /china/harbin-chn-hl-h.htm (218 words)

	dulles
		Around the corner from the Harbin museum stands one of the few remaining structures of the camp: the concrete wall of a boiler house.
		Russians aware of the atrocities in Harbin were outraged.
		On a cold day in Harbin recently, there was little to see at the remnants of the boiler house.
	www.dullesnow.org /harbin.html (3187 words)

	A Manchurian meander - travelling in Harbin, Fushan and Shenyang, China Contemporary Review - Find Articles
		Harbin, a railway centre, of about four million people, developed in the late 1890s following Russian pressure on China to build up the railway system in the region.
		Many Russian revolutionaries lived in the area then; in the inter-war years it was the haunt of White Russians, of whom a residue remain; today Russians cross the border to trade in this comparatively affluent area.
		The Russians were there, though fewer than in cheaper hotels nearer the station.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2242/is_n1527_v262/ai_14320525 (966 words)

	Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia
		We are an indissoluble part of the Russian Church, which does not recognize her uncanonical official leadership, and we are the only ones in the entire world who are completely independent representatives and spokesmen for the Russian Church.
		The pains and problems of Russian church life, which gripped the hearts of Russians, were not felt by them, for them they were not immediate, they were not of the utmost importance, as they were for the hearts of the Russian people.
		Preserving her independence, and boldly expressing the defense of truth and the denunciation of lies, the Russian Church Abroad convinced the Patriarch of Constantinople and the Metropolitan of Athens of the correctness of Patriarch Tikhon and the deceit of the Living Church.
	www.russianorthodoxchurch.ws /english/pages/legacy/nathnielrocor.html (4645 words)

	Harbin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1935, after the sale of the railway (KWZhD) to the Japanese, Harbin became part of the Japanese controled state of Manchukuo.
		The influence of Russia came with the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway, and Harbin, known formerly as a fishing village began to prosper as the largest commercial, economical center of North Eastern Asia.
		Harbin's bakeries are famous for their bread (lie-ba in local dialect, derived from the Russian word khleb for "bread").
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Harbin (1298 words)

	R Todd King: China Photos 2003 - Northeast Winter
		It’s difficult to imagine a Russian Orthodox church being the centerpiece of a Chinese city, but in Harbin, it is. A century ago the Russians built a railroad between Vladivostok and Harbin, and the Russian influence and presence in the city remained strong afterward.
		Many Russian Orthodox churches were built, including the Church of Saint Sophia here in 1907, but most were badly damaged during the Cultural Revolution.
		This Russian structure use to be just a few stories tall; when it was expanded, the cupolas on each corner were removed, the additional floors added, and the cupolas put back on top, as seen here.
	www.rtoddking.com /chinawin2003_hb_dl.htm (388 words)

	Orthodoxy in China
		Archbishop Viktor, the last Russian bishop and leader of the 20th Spiritual Mission, returned to the Soviet Union in 1956, drawing to a close a variegated chapter in the history of Orthodoxy in China.
		Now there are very few Russians left in China, and the numbers of the Orthodox from the old Russian-organised dioceses have dwindled drastically.
		Former residents of Harbin, their children and grandchildren, come to visit from the USA and Australia.
	www.cs.ust.hk /faculty/dimitris/metro/orth_china.html (1464 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Europe \| Russians prepare for toxic leak
		Mains water supplies in Harbin have now resumed, five days after they were cut off as a result of the toxic spill.
		The toxic leak passed Harbin early on Sunday morning, said Lin Qiang, a spokesman for the provincial environmental protection bureau.
		For the past five days, Harbin's residents have been relying on bottled water and water delivered by lorries.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/europe/4476774.stm (494 words)

	The Peking Duck: Harbin: Anatomy of a coverup
		But for the next nine days the government balked at telling citizens of Harbin, in the neighboring province of Heilongjiang, about the approaching pollutants, despite the fact that the river is the source of drinking water for the center of the city.
		THAT is why the Russians resisted and transcended the barbarianism of the Mongols for 200 years, and then Russia restored its old culture.
		Russians are more merciless toward the East and the South, because they have to be - and the West is secure today, because of the bloody-mindedness of the Russians......
	www.pekingduck.org /archives/003213.php (6852 words)

	NewspaperARCHIVE.com - Search old newspapers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		It is, distinctly a Russian city, and none but liussiuus and Chinese are permitted to own land, construct buildings, or engage in any permanent enterprise.
		The Russians axe beer drinkers and pro- duce good beer, but it IB not of the quality that bears shipping long dis- tances, hence little Russian beer is to be seen on the Pacific coast or any- where in Manchuria.
		Russians are fond of candies and sweets, and few people know how to produce a quality equal to the Rus- sian product.
	www.newspaperarchive.com /newspapers1/na0006/601986/6821026.html (3796 words)

	Russian influence in northern china - China History Forum, chinese history forum
		Harbin was a Russian city until after the 1917 Revolution, when it was taken over by China.
		Inner manchuria (including harbin) and outer manchuria were part of china during the ching dynasty.
		It was a chinese city taken over by the russian which was taken back by china.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=10056 (1779 words)

	Släktföreningen
		"With the post-revolutionary influx of refugees, the Russians outnumbered the Chinese in Harbin, and the Chinese were more affiliated with the Russian administration than their own." Von Arnold was born in 1895 in Poland, where her father was stationed as a military officer.
		We were the Monarchists, the Military, the Old Regime, the representatives of the class which was exploiting the Nation, so we were now the losers." Harbin's rocky political situation continued as it changed hands from Russia to China to Japan and back to Chinese control in the ensuing years.
		For many contemporary Russians, these émigrés are increasingly seen as the embodiment of the Russian heritage that was lost in the revolution." The breakup of the Soviet Union and a more open attitude in Russia has prompted a burgeoning interest in these political refugees.
	www.vonarnold.com /6_1_src.asp (1592 words)

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