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	Puget Sound Shorelines: Species - Harbor Seal
		Harbor seals are the most abundant marine mammal along Puget Sound.
		Pinnipeds (seals, seal lions, and walruses) spend part of their lives in the water but depend on land to give birth and raise young.
		Harbor seals are easily frightened of humans during this time.
	www.ecy.wa.gov /programs/sea/pugetsound/species/seal.html (761 words)

	HARBOR SEAL FACT SHEET
		Harbor seals have a metabolic rate higher than that of a comparable land mammal, allowing it to generate a greater amount of body heat.
		This allows the seal's skin to be approximately the same temperature as the surrounding water while its core temperature remains approximately 100 deg F. In cold water, blood vessels constrict (contract), slowing the flow of blood to the skin and therefore, reducing heat loss to the environment.
		A harbor seals are often observed during the pre-mating and mating seasons slapping the water with their pectoral flippers as a form of communication.
	www.palomar.edu /oceanography/harbor_seals/facts.htm (1577 words)

	CRESLI harbor seal page
		Harbor seals are thought to live to at least 25 years.
		While tending their young, harbor seal mothers are very protective and will sometimes push the pup beneath the surface or carry it on her shoulders to avoid danger.
		Harbor seals have been shown to dive as deep as 600 meters; their average dive time is 2 minutes and the maximum dive time is 15 minutes (see Costa and Williams.
	www.cresli.org /cresli/seals/hbrseals.html (636 words)

	Harbor Seal: Wildlife Notebook Series - Alaska Department of Fish and Game
		The harbor seal (Phoca vitulina), a widespread species in both the north Atlantic and Pacific oceans, is found in Alaska along the coast from British Columbia north to Kuskokwim Bay and west throughout the Aleutian Islands.
		Harbor seals are sometimes found in rivers and lakes, usually on a seasonal basis (present in summer, absent in winter).
		Harbor seals are graceful and efficient swimmers as they use their hind flippers for propulsion and foreflippers as rudders.
	www.adfg.state.ak.us /pubs/notebook/marine/harseal.php (860 words)

	HARBOR SEALS - Adaptations for an Aquatic Environment
		Harbor seals swim with all four flippers: they move their hind flippers from side to side to propel themselves forward, and use their foreflippers to help them steer.
		Harbor seals can swim up to 19 kph (12 mph), but they generally cruise at slower speeds.
		Harbor seals have a thick layer of blubber that insulates their bodies, reducing heat loss.
	www.seaworld.org /animal-info/info-books/harbor-seal/adaptations.htm (586 words)

	Harbor Seal
		Harbor seals are found along the coastlines of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, from the Bering Sea south to California and New Jersey.
		Harbor seals have experienced slow population declines in the Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea areas, but their populations are stable overall in Alaska.
		Harbor seals are difficult to survey because they are not found only in rookeries (colonies), but throughout their range in individual haul-outs.
	www.alaskazoo.org /willowcrest/harborsealhome.htm (768 words)

	Harbor Seal Haul Out
		The two ledges on which the seals haul-out are located in mid-channel approximately 200 m from land on the west and 125 m from land on the east, and lie parallel to the channel.
		SEALS was developed to respond to high levels of disturbance to harbor seals.
		Its goals are to minimize disturbance to harbor seals and help maintain the integrity of rookery sites; to preserve the harbor seal colony size; and to educate the general public about harbor seals and their habitat.
	www.macalester.edu /environmentalstudies/MacEnvReview/harbor_seal.htm (6591 words)

	Harbor Seals (Phoca vitulina)
		Of the harbor seal, Phoca vitulina (Linnaeus, 1758), commonly 4 subspecies are recognized: the Eastern Atlantic harbor seal, Phoca vitulina vitulina (Linnaeus, 1758), the Western Atlantic harbor seal, Phoca vitulina concolor (DeKay, 1842), the Insular harbor seal, Phoca vitulina stejnegeri (Allen, 1902), and the Pacific harbor seal, Phoca vitulina richardii (Gray, 1864).
		Characteristic for the harbor seal are the V-shaped nostrils.
		Bigg, M.A. Harbour seal Phoca vitulina Linnaeus, 1758, and Phoca largha, Pallas, 1811.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/jaap/harbseal.htm (2139 words)

	Harbor seal Save The Bay
		Harbor seals come to the Bay from the ocean to give birth because with its relatively few sharks and other big predators, the Bay is safer than the ocean.
		Seals can dive up to 1,500 feet and can hold their breath for up to 40 minutes, although they are more likely to come up for a breath every five minutes.
		Harbor seals are comfortable on both land and water, but they move more gracefully in water. And they can even sleep while floating by sticking their nose into the air.
	www.savesfbay.org /site/pp.asp?c=dgKLLSOwEnH&b=1495435 (560 words)

	Harbor Seal Tracking
		The seal, named Sand Dollar, was outfitted with a satellite tracking tag and her movements were monitored until June 12 of the same year.
		The seal was sighted during a prolonged period in which she swam in the waters off of Nantucket Island.
		Before the seal could be released, an ophthalmologist evaluated her eye and determined that there may be some minor vision loss, but not enough to prevent successful hunting once returned to the wild.
	www.aqua.org /oceanhealth_harborseal.html (472 words)

	Harbor Seal \| Greenpeace USA
		The harbor seals habitat is distributed throughout the Northern Pacific and Atlantic Ocean; in Alaska along the coast from British Columbia north to Kuskokwim Bay and west throughout the Aleutian Islands.
		Hunting of the harbor seal still occurs in Iceland and Norway.
		Seals can also sometimes be killed or injured when they become caught in nets.
	www.greenpeace.org /usa/campaigns/oceans/beringsea/get-the-facts-wildlife-of-the/harbor-seal (176 words)

	WhaleTimes Fishin' for Facts~harbor seal
		Harbor seals are found throughout the Northern Hemisphere along coasts and off shore islands.
		Depending on where it lives, a harbor seal needs to watch out for killer whales and large sharks, polar bears, Steller's sea lions, walruses, coyotes, and eagles.
		Harbor seals can be born on land or in the water.
	www.whaletimes.org /harborseal.htm (249 words)

	harbor seal — FactMonster.com
		Harbor seals are found along coasts and in sheltered bays and harbors of North America, Europe, and NE Asia.
		Small seals, they reach a length of up to 6 ft (180 cm) and a weight of up to 250 lb (110 kg).
		Harbor seals are solitary hunters; they feed on fish, mollusks, and crustaceans, coming ashore to rest and sleep.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/sci/A0822683.html (301 words)

	Animal Tracks - Harbor Seal (Phoca vitulina)
		Harbor seals will come out of the water to bask on beaches, rocks, islands and sandbars, but they usually remain near the water.
		A seal trail in soft sand showing the drag mark from the animal's body in the middle of the marks from the front flippers.
		Seal scat is not often found because they deposit it in the water.
	www.bear-tracker.com /harborseal.html (772 words)

	About the ASLC
		Twelve-year-old Chloe, a harbor seal from the Alaska Zoo that is currently housed at the Alaska SeaLife Center, gave birth on Saturday June 23, 2007 at 5:18 a.m.
		The father, Snapper is an Atlantic harbor seal, a subspecies, Phoca vitulina vitulina.
		Seal birth times differ between locations and current theory is that this difference is keyed on either photo period (amount of daylight) or genetics or a combination of the two factors.
	www.alaskasealife.org /New/about-ASLC/index.php?page=current-press-releases2.php (515 words)

	SCS: Harbour Seal (Phoca vitulina)
		The harbour seal population in the Baltic Sea was severely depleted in the 20th century by hunting, pollution and the PDV virus.
		The report also recommended that authority be given to kill seals which pose a threat to public safety and property at locations such as docks and marinas, and that commercial fishermen be allowed to kill seals that destroy their catch or gear.
		Hokkaido seals appear to be the largest with an average length of 1.9m for adult males and 1.7m for adult females.
	www.pinnipeds.org /species/harbour.htm (4139 words)

	San Francisco Zoo \| Animals \| Harbor Seal (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Harbor seals may submerge as deep as 300 feet and stay submerged for 20 to 30 minutes.
		Harbor seals are found in bays, harbors, sandbars and exposed rocks, mudflats, estuaries and reefs of the Pacific coast from Mexico to the Arctic; San Francisco Bay, the Atlantic coast from Greenland to the Baltic Sea, and Portugal.
		The harbor seal population is about 300,000 to 400,000 and may be reaching the carrying capacity of its ecosystem.
	www.sfzoo.org /cgi-bin/animals.py?ID=63 (466 words)

	Point Reyes National Seashore - Harbor Seals (U.S. National Park Service) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Harbor seals are shy animals whose habits are easily disrupted by the presence of humans on land or on the water.
		Harbor seals also are unable to rotate their pelvis, and so they crawl on land on beaches or other nearshore substrates that have a low slope.
		The mother harbor seal occasionally goes out alone to sea to feed when a pup is very small, leaving her newborn pup alone on the beach, but most mothers take their pups with them when they go swimming because pups are adept swimmers.
	www.nps.gov /pore/nature_wldlf_hseals.htm (1079 words)

	Harbor Seal Co-Management Action Plan (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In addition, changes in seal behavior such as seasonal movements, interactions with prey, and the consequences of disturbance also need to be factored into efforts to estimate the abundance and trends of harbor seal populations.
		Harbor seals in Alaska most often have been counted in June - July when the number of pups visible on shore is at a maximum or in August - September when the number of adults on shore typically reaches a maximum.
		To ensure that harbor seals are conserved for subsistence and other uses, the Annual Action Plan will include means for accurately monitoring the number of harbor seals harvested each year, the age and sex composition of those harvests, and the condition of animals taken in the harvest.
	www.fakr.noaa.gov /protectedresources/seals/actionplan.htm (4713 words)

	ADW: Phoca vitulina: Information
		Harbor seals bask and sleep on coastal islands, ledges, and beaches and sandbars that are uncovered at low tide.
		Harbor seals can be up to 6 feet long and weigh up to 375 pounds, males characteristically being slightly larger than females.
		Harbor seals often interfere with commercial fisheries, eating the fish that have been caught in nets and becoming trapped in the nets themselves.
	animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu /site/accounts/information/Phoca_vitulina.html (847 words)

	Fact Sheets > Harbor Seal
		Harbor seals inhabit the costal regions of the North Pacific and Atlantic oceans, and the Arctic regions.
		Harbor seals are found along the coasts, near river mouths, on island beaches, reefs and even inland.
		Harbor seals will return to breed in the same locations as they were born.
	www.fact-sheets.com /science-nature/animals/harbor_seal (494 words)

	Harbor Seal - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Harbor Seal, medium-sized seal, with a short, thick fur coat covered with gray blotches.
		Harbor, naturally or artificially protected basin on an ocean, lake, or river where ships may be anchored or docked without danger from waves or...
		- small seal: a small seal that is grayish fl with paler spots.
	encarta.msn.com /Harbor_Seal.html (132 words)

	EVOS: Recovery Status: Harbor Seal
		Harbor seal numbers were declining in the Gulf ofAlaska, including in Prince William Sound, before the oil spill.
		In a declining population deaths exceed births, and harbor seals in both oiled and unoiled parts of Prince William Sound have continued to decline since the spill.
		Harbor seals will have recovered from the effects of the oil spill when their population is stable or increasing.
	library.thinkquest.org /10867/results/status/not/harbor_seal.shtml (512 words)

	Wildlife Rehabilitation - Wolf Hollow and Harbor Seal pups
		It is Harbor Seal pupping season in the San Juan Islands right now, so people are coming across stranded pups on the beach near their house, at the resort where they are staying, or next to the dock where they moor their boat.
		Harbor Seals, being marine mammals, come under the authority of a different government body, the National Marine Fisheries Service, so the rules and regulations for their handling are different.
		Harbor Seals are covered by the Marine Mammal Protection Act, which makes it a federal offence to touch, harass, injure or feed any marine mammal.
	www.wolfhollowwildlife.org /about/wh_seal_pups.html (505 words)

	RISAA Affiliate [Save The Bay - Harbor Seal]
		Harbor seals reside in the colder waters of Maine and Canada, but travel south during the winter months.
		The profile of a harbor seal is doglike, with a concave forehead and a short muzzle.
		Harbor seals can be seen at over 20 haul-out sites throughout most of the Bay, from Warwick and Bristol to Newport and North Kingstown.
	www.risaa.org /savethebay/harbor_seal.html (447 words)

	WDFW - WildWatchCams
		Harbor seals use specific shoreline areas on a regular basis to haul-out of the water and rest.
		In addition to resting, Harbor seals give birth to and nurse their pups on the haul-out, and undergo an annual molt of their pelage or fur.
		To avoid possible injury to seals, dogs should be leashed and kept away from seals on the beach.
	wdfw.wa.gov /wildwatch/sealcam (584 words)

	Monterey Bay Aquarium: Online Field Guide
		Awkward and cumbersome on land, harbor seals maneuver with grace and agility in the water.
		There is currently no commercial hunting of harbor seal, but some native subsistence hunting of seals still occurs.
		Small groups of harbor seals haul out in protected shoreline areas to breed, moult and rest.
	www.mbayaq.org /efc/living_species/default.asp?hOri=1&inhab=205 (128 words)

	The Marine Mammal Center
		True seals have small flippers and must move on land by flopping along on their bellies.
		If born prematurely, harbor seals retain a whitish lanugo coat (which is usually lost before birth).
		STATUS: The total harbor seal population in the eastern north Pacific is estimated to be 330,000, and in California the estimated population was 40,000 in 1997.
	www.marinemammalcenter.org /learning/education/pinnipeds/harborseal.asp (598 words)

	Harbor Seal Printout- EnchantedLearning.com
		The Harbor Seal is a marine mammal that spends most of its life in the sea, but also enjoys sunbathing on rocks or on the beach.
		Diet: Harbor Seals are carnivores (meat-eaters); they eat mostly mollusks (like squid and clams), fish, and crustaceans.
		Predators: Harbor seals are hunted by killer whales (orcas), polar bears, sharks, Steller sea lions, walruses, eagles, and coyotes.
	www.enchantedlearning.com /paint/subjects/mammals/pinniped/Harborsealprintout.shtml (307 words)

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