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Topic: Harbour Porpoise

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	Harbour Porpoise Factsheet
		Harbour porpoises are one of the world's smallest cetaceans, growing to an average length of 1.55 meters and a mass of 55 kilograms.
		Harbour porpoises are deep divers, capable of reaching depths in excess of 200 meters.
		Incidental mortality of harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) by the gill-net fishery in the lower Bay of Fundy.
	www.imma.org /porpoise.html (302 words)

	Harbour Porpoise - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Harbour Porpoise, as its name implies, stays close to coastal areas or river estuaries and as such is the most familar porpoise to whale watchers.
		Harbour Porpoises are not and never have been actively hunted by whalers because they are too small to be of interest—an adult is about the same size and a little lighter than the average adult human.
		It is known that the porpoises' echolocation is sufficiently discriminating to detect the presence of the nets, but this does not stop porpoises from becoming trapped.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Harbour_Porpoise (427 words)

	Harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Harbour porpoises are found in the temperate waters of the northern hemisphere in a nearly circumpolar distribution (see map).
		Harbour porpoises are one of the world's smallest cetaceans, growing to an average length of 1.55 m and a mass of 55 kilograms.
		Incidental mortality of harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) by the gill-net fishery in the lower Bay of Fundy.
	phocoena.org /factsheets/harbourporp.html (340 words)

	Harbour Porpoise
		The harbour porpoise is a short, stocky toothed cetacean that inhabits cool coastal waters of the northern hemisphere.
		Sides of the harbour porpoise are mottled gray, the dorsal side is dark grey and the underbelly is white.
		Although harbour porpoise have been spotted in deep water, they tend to remain in shallower inshore waters where they are most often observed in small groups of one to three animals.
	www.wildwhales.org /cetaceans/harbourporp/history.html (201 words)

	SARA Public Registry - Text Version
		The harbour porpoise is one of the best-studied cetacean species in eastern Canada, thanks primarily to the pioneering research efforts of the late Dr. David Gaskin of the University of Guelph, who died in 1998.
		Consumption of euphausiids by harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) calves in the Bay of Fundy.
		Concentrations and accumulation patterns of organochlorine contaminants in the blubber of harbour porpoises, Phocoena phocoena, from the coast of Newfoundland, the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the Bay of Fundy/Gulf of Maine.
	www.sararegistry.gc.ca /status/showASCII_e.cfm?ocid=622 (12117 words)

	Harbour porpoise strands in Greece (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Although harbour porpoises were believed to be extinct throughout the Mediterrenean, there is some evidence indicating that they may yet exist in the Aegean Sea, close to the entrance to the Black Sea where porpoises are still found.
		Harbour porpoises have been considered extinct from the Mediterranean Sea since the begining of the 19th century, or even earlier.
		In view of the significance of a discrete harbour porpoise population in the Aegean, our priority is to conduct dedicated surveys (using joint acoustic/visual methods) to determine the extent of this "population".
	phocoena.org /aegean250200.html (482 words)

	Cetacean Species - Harbour Porpoise
		The swimming motion of the harbour porpoise is usually inconspicuous, involving surfacing with a rolling motion, although the animals occasionally surface with a vigorous vertical motion causing a splash.
		The harbour porpoise is found in cold temperate and sub-arctic waters of the Northern Hemisphere, commonly inhabiting shallow coastal bays, estuaries and tidal channels of the Atlantic coast of Europe, east and west coasts of North America and the Pacific coast of Asia.
		Harbour porpoises reach sexual maturity at an age of 3 to 6 years, and at body lengths of about 1.35 m in males and 1.45 m in females.
	www.crru.org.uk /education/factfiles/hporpoise.htm (820 words)

	CMS: Phocoena phocoena, Harbour porpoise
		Harbour porpoises are seldom found in waters with an annual average temperature above 17°C. In some areas, especially on the East coast of Scotland, agonistic interactions with bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.) may play a role in determining the limits of the range.
		- Bjorge A, Tolley KA (2002) Harbour porpoise - Phocoena phocoena.
		- Kuklik I, Skóra KE (2003) Harbour porpoise bycatch in Poland.
	www.cms.int /reports/small_cetaceans/data/P_phocoena/p_phocoena.htm (5190 words)

	Species at risk - Harbour Porpoise
		Harbour Porpoises are among the smallest whales; in western Canada, individuals occasionally reach lengths of 2 m.
		Harbour Porpoises are widely distributed over the continental shelves of the temperate northern hemisphere, with two populations in Canada.
		Harbour Porpoises are occasionally observed in large aggregations, usually associated with high prey concentrations, but they are typically seen in small groups of a few individuals.
	www.speciesatrisk.gc.ca /search/speciesDetails_e.cfm?SpeciesID=493 (924 words)

	Harbour Porpoise
		Harbour Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) are found in coastal areas in the northern hemisphere.
		The Harbour Porpoise usually feeds on herring and different types of cods although it catches all types of fish.
		The Harbour Porpoise has a very restless way of swimming, and it is not easy to spot for scuba divers.
	articles.uwphoto.no /Image_month/previous_Images_of_the_month_12.htm (197 words)

	The potential effects of fishing on bottlenose dolphin and harbour porpoise
		A study of incidental catch of harbour porpoise in SW Bay of Fundy (Canada), for example, suggested that significant changes in length frequencies of the porpoises could be attributed to the fishery, and that sustained adult mortality in the gill-net fishery may have compressed the size, and possibly the age structure of the population
		Given the slow reproductive rate of the harbour porpoise, these catches were considered to be a serious threat to the relatively discrete harbour porpoise population in the area.
		It is considered that this is the most frequent cause of death of stranded harbour porpoise in the UK and, with their slow reproductive rate, means that there could be a serious threat to sustainability of discrete populations.
	www.ukmarinesac.org.uk /activities/fisheries/f2_2.htm (611 words)

	Harbour Porpoise (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The life expectancy of harbour porpoises is around 13 years, but today few seem to live past the age of 8.
		Harbour porpoises prefer water temperatures in the range 5-16°C. Areas which have a great deal of turbulence or changes of currents also have a high concentration of zooplankton which attracts a variety of species, including harbour porpoises.
		Dolphins and porpoises can be affected by power boats and personal watercraft (commonly known as jet skis), either directly from injuries received in collisions, or indirectly through noise generated underwater by the craft's propulsion interfering with their echo-location systems.
	www.amploc.freeserve.co.uk /html/encyclop/porpoise/harbour/harbour.htm (612 words)

	Species at risk - Harbour Porpoise
		Harbour Porpoises are among the smallest whales; in eastern Canada few individuals exceed 1.7 m in total length.
		The Harbour Porpoise Northwest Atlantic population is made up of four discrete sub-populations; three in Canadian waters (Newfoundland-Labrador, Gulf of St. Lawrence, and Bay of Fundy-Gulf of Maine), and one off the western coast of Greenland.
		The most important recent threat to Harbour Porpoises in eastern Canada is bycatch in bottom-set gill nets used to capture groundfish; this threat has decreased substantially with the depletion of groundfish stocks and consequent reductions in fishing.
	www.speciesatrisk.gc.ca /search/speciesDetails_e.cfm?SpeciesID=147 (1010 words)

	Harbour Porpoise, Canada
		The Harbour Porpoise Release Programme (HPRP) was developed by the Grand Manan Whale and Seabird Research Station (GMWSRS) in 1991 to assist local fishermen in the Bay of Fundy, Canada with the safe release of harbour porpoises from their herring weirs.
		This designation is the result of the historically high incidental mortality of porpoises in the sink gill net fisheries which operate in the Bay of Fundy and Gulf of Maine as well as the susceptibility of this coastal species to negative impacts from development.
		Porpoises are one of the smallest cetaceans, and this small body size limits the amount of extra energy they can carry in the form of fat.
	www.wdcs.org /dan/publishing.nsf/allweb/06E24FCFB7D975238025709D002B2B29 (1935 words)

	Harbour porpoise
		Harbour porpoises inhabit the coastal waters of subpolar to temperate waters in the North Atlantic Ocean and northern Pacific.
		The sound of a harbour porpoise’s blow is described by some as a pop, but by other people as a sneeze.
		It is claimed that the harbour porpoise has the shortest life span of all species of whales.
	www.coastalguide.to /harbourporpoise/main.html (829 words)

	The New Brunswick Museum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Harbour Porpoise may be observed in the Bay of Fundy throughout the year, but peak numbers are present in the Bay from late July to mid-September, where porpoise have been studied intensively.
		Harbour Porpoise in the western North Atlantic are sexually mature at three to four years of age.
		Harbour Porpoise struggle little when handled but care must be taken to ensure that they are not tangled in nets and do not overheat when removed from the water and transported out of the weir.
	www.gnb.ca /0130/english/stories14.html (1580 words)

	Harbour Porpoise
		With such a short lifespan and reproductive life harbour porpoises are highly susceptible to sudden decreases in local populations.
		One of the harbour porpoises names, the puffing pig, is derived from the noise of its blow when they surface the water for air.
		Porpoises are also hunted themselves, by larger predators in the waters of the Hebrides, these are killer whales, which also hunt their prey in packs.
	www.whaledolphintrust.co.uk /whales_dolphins/harbour-porpoise.asp (459 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Science/Nature \| Porpoises flee killer dolphins
		Harbour porpoises are being killed in increasing numbers by bottlenose dolphins around British coasts, possibly due to competition for food.
		Of the 120 harbour porpoises stranded on the Welsh coast, 48 porpoises were in a condition suitable for a full post-mortem examination.
		Analysis of the stomachs of the porpoises suggested they had all eaten recently and had taken some unusual fish species, perhaps indicating that they were having difficulty finding their normal prey.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/science/nature/4187551.stm (390 words)

	Harbour porpoise - Phocoena phocoena: More Information - ARKive
		The harbour porpoise is the most commonly seen porpoise (1), and is the most widely distributed of all cetaceans (whales and dolphins) in northern Europe (5).
		At birth, young harbour porpoises are dull in colour and typically have 'birth lines', which look like folds in the skin, and persist for the first few hours after birth (4).
		A UK Biodiversity Action Plan priority species, the harbour porpoise is protected in UK waters by the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 and the Wildlife (Northern Ireland) Orders, 1985; it is illegal to intentionally kill, injure, or harass any cetacean (whale or dolphin) species in UK waters (3).
	www.arkive.org /species/ARK/mammals/Phocoena_phocoena/more_info.html (847 words)

	Harbor Porpoise
		The Harbor Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) is the most widely seen porpoise, sometimes earning it the nickname "common porpoise." The Harbor Porpoise belongs to the Cetacean family, a division of water-dwelling mammals that must breathe oxygen.
		The mother porpoise then nurses the calf for at least eight months, and the young porpoise is able to eat some solid food at about three months of age.
		Unlike dolphins, porpoises are very shy animals, traveling alone or in very small groups and not playing in the waves or approaching boats and people.
	www.unitedstatesfauna.com /harborporpoise.php (477 words)

	Harbour Porpoise Satellite Tagging (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Harbour porpoises are found in the coastal waters of the North Atlantic and North Pacific.
		There are also a large number of harbour porpoises inhabiting these waters due to high concentrations of their prey species, especially capelin.
		If a porpoise is found, it is removed from the net and transferred to the IMR boat where it is evaluated for suitability of receiving a satellite tag.
	www5.imr.no /niser (578 words)

	Grand Manan Whale & Seabird - harbour porpoise release news 1998
		The Harbour Porpoise Release Program was started in 1991 to assist local weir fishermen with the safe removal of porpoises from their weirs.
		We successfully released (or the porpoises swam out on their own) 31 of 34 porpoises, two died during seining process, and the fate of one was unknown (see Table 2).
		There is a great degree of variability in the ways porpoises react to the seining and handling process; some individuals appear to become more stressed than others and this may affect their chance of survival during the seining process.
	www.gmwsrs.org /weir98.htm (1891 words)

	Baltic Sea Project .net - News
		Harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) tend to inhabit shallow coastal waters as well as bays and estuaries; they may even enter rivers and canals.
		The harbour porpoise is regarded as a most mysterious animal of the Baltic Sea.
		The harbour porpoise is also one of the topics the Green Belt Sailing Tour along the German Baltic coast this summer will focus on.
	www.balticseaportal.net /bsp_news_section/web/?id=612 (2359 words)

	The harbour porpoise: fishing and pesticides - Environmental Data Compendium
		It is also possible that the observed increase in harbour porpoise numbers along the coast is not the result of population increase but is because the species is coming closer inshore.
		Sightings of the harbour porpoise off the Dutch coast are recorded by the Dutch seabird group and used to calculate the number of harbour porpoises observed per month per monitoring hour.
		The Harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena in Dutch coastal waters: analysis of stranding records for the period 1920-1994.
	www.mnp.nl /mnc/i-en-1250.html (279 words)

	Harbour Porpoise (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Phocoena phocoena (harbour porpoise) are distributed throughout the northern hemisphere up to sub arctic waters.
		The lifespan of the porpoises differs depending on where they are situated.
		Harbour porpoises are upper trophic level predators whose main food type differs with their locality.
	uk.geocities.com /l_jg/porpoise.html (129 words)

	Harbour Porpoise (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Porpoises have been studied in Shetland over the last decade, combined with anecdotal information from the general public, has provided a great deal of information.
		Porpoises were detected every day at Boatsroom Voe, with echolocation clicks in 79% of the logs, summarised for each hour.
		Porpoises appeared to feed mainly during daylight hours, shown by the frequency of peaks, which is most obvious on Monday 20th (less activity close to the vertical dotted line).
	www.nature.shetland.co.uk /seamammal/porpoise.htm (858 words)

	Grand Manan Whale and Seabird Research Station - NB - Canada, -Publications
		Westgate, A.J., Muir, D.C.G., Gaskin, D.E. and Kingsley, M.C.S. Concentrations and accumulation patterns of organochiorine contaminants in the blubber of Harbour Porpoises, Phocoena phocoena from the coast of Newfoundland, the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the Bay of Fundy/ Gulf of Maine.
		Watson, A.P. 1976 The diurnal behaviour of the harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena (L.)) in the coastal waters of the western Bay of Fundy M.Sc.
		Arnold, P.W. The lungworms (Metastrongyloidea, Pseudalidae) of harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) M.Sc Thesis University of Guelph, 91 pp.
	www.gmwsrs.org /marbook.htm (5904 words)

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