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Topic: Harbour seal

	SCS: Harbour Seal (Phoca vitulina)
		The harbour seal population in the Baltic Sea was severely depleted in the 20th century by hunting, pollution and the PDV virus.
		Harbour seal pups are precocious and are almost immediately able to crawl and swim, often within an hour of birth.
		Harbour seals are opportunistic foragers, feeding on locally and seasonally abundant prey that includes a large number of species of fish, crustaceans and molluscs.
	www.pinnipeds.org /species/harbour.htm (4139 words)

	AquaFacts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Harbour seals are found along the coast of the temperate Northern Hemisphere.
		The Pacific harbour seal pup is born on tidal reefs or on beaches; in British Columbia, pupping occurs between June and September, peaking in July and August.
		A harbour seal is capable of maximum dive depths approaching 300 metres and for durations of nearly 25 minutes in adults.
	www.vanaqua.org /education/aquafacts/harbourseals.html (1102 words)

	Seals & Whales
		Harbour seals have a Labrador retriever look to their face with the nostrils in a V. These seals have a varied diet of fish, crustaceans and squid.
		The grey seal population in the Bay of Fundy appears to be on the increase.
		Because of the rarity of this seal in the Bay of Fundy it is not considered a pest to fisheries or aquaculture, nor is it hunted, but would be treated in the same manner as harbour and grey seals when it occurs.
	www.grandmanannb.com /seals.htm (2854 words)

	CRESLI harbor seal page
		Named common seal throughout Europe, this seal frequently observed around Long Island lives along the shores of eastern Canada, New England and in the winter, as far south as the Carolinas in a variety of habitats.
		Unlike many other seal pups, harbor seals are able to swim from birth, although they are dependent on care and milk from the mother for 3 - 6 weeks before they venture out on their own.
		While tending their young, harbor seal mothers are very protective and will sometimes push the pup beneath the surface or carry it on her shoulders to avoid danger.
	www.cresli.org /cresli/seals/hbrseals.html (611 words)

	OSC Seal Page Harbour Seal
		There are five subspecies of the harbour seal; the Eastern Atlantic harbour seal, the Western Atlantic harbour seal, the Eastern Pacific harbour seal, the Western Pacific harbour seal and the Ungava seal.
		The harbour seal at the Ocean Sciences Centre is a Western Atlantic harbour seal.
		Harbour seals usually stay in the same area all year round and tend to stay within 20km of shore as they search for food.
	www.osc.mun.ca /seals/harbour.html (358 words)

	Harbor Seals (Phoca vitulina)
		Of the harbor seal, Phoca vitulina (Linnaeus, 1758), commonly 4 subspecies are recognized: the Eastern Atlantic harbor seal, Phoca vitulina vitulina (Linnaeus, 1758), the Western Atlantic harbor seal, Phoca vitulina concolor (DeKay, 1842), the Insular harbor seal, Phoca vitulina stejnegeri (Allen, 1902), and the Pacific harbor seal, Phoca vitulina richardii (Gray, 1864).
		Characteristic for the harbor seal are the V-shaped nostrils.
		The life-history of the harbour seal in the Wadden Sea.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/jaap/harbseal.htm (2139 words)

	The Pacific WildLife Foundation - Learn About Harbour Seals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The subspecies of harbour seal on the north Pacific Coast of North America is the Pacific subspecies Phoca vitulina richardsi that ranges along the coast from Baja California to Japan (Baird 2001).
		This estimate was made by counting seals at haul-outs and applying a correction factor to account for seals underwater during the census.
		Harbour seals are eaten often by ‘transient’ killer whales (Baird and Dill 1996, Watts 1993) and they are important predator of fish (Yurk and Trites 2000).
	www.pacificwildlife.ca /harbourseal.htm (576 words)

	Grey Seal Hunt in Nova Scotia
		The “Grey Seal Society” estimates that the seal population has reached 300,000 to 310,000 individuals, and that it would be reasonable to kill half of these: a cull of 150,000 grey seals, that is their proposal.
		In their warm bellies, seals host masses of worms, that produce phenomenal numbers of eggs, which are released into the water with the feces of the seal and act to enrich the zooplankton.
		The relationship of seals and fish to photosynthesis in the ocean is rather like that of tree trunks in the forest: trunks and branches are living tree elements that do not capture the sun’s energy directly, but that have been built by drawing on materials produced by the specialized green leaf cells that do.
	www.fisherycrisis.com /seals/greysealhunt.htm (6654 words)

	Wildlife on Vancouver Island BC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Harbour seal s are fairly common and are often seen on rocks and in coves.
		Male harbour seals have a shorter lifespan than females, possibly due to the stress of competing and fighting during the breeding season; males can live up to about 20 years of age, females to around 25 to 30 years.
		The harbour porpoise is one of the world's smallest cetaceans, growing to an average length of 1.55 metres and a mass of 55 kilograms.
	www.victorialodging.com /marine-ecotour/wildlife-vancouver-island.html (2066 words)

	Grand Manan Whale and Seabird Research Station - NB - Canada, Seal page
		We have four species of seals which may be seen in the Bay of Fundy, one of which is common (harbour seal), one which is increasing in numbers (grey seal) and two which are sporadic visitors (hooded and harp seals).
		Harp seals are rare visitors to the Bay of Fundy, usually living in the Arctic in the summer and pupping on ice floes in the Gulf of St. Lawrence in the winter.
		These seals have been subject to a hunt for many years, although the pressure is less than in the past.
	www.gmwsrs.org /seals.htm (1075 words)

	BIOMAD 6.3. Seal population data
		Ringed seal cencuses: The moulting period occurs in the latter half of April to the first half of May, when ringed seals are scattered in the ice fields in the Baltic (The Bothnian Bay, the Gulf of Finland and the Gulf of Riga).
		Harbour seal pup counts: Maximum numbers of pups are usually found from the end of June to the beginning of July.
		The harbour seal Phoca vitulina as a predator in the Skagerrak.
	www2.ecology.su.se /dbbm/var/RHSEAL_MNHS.htm (1800 words)

	Phoca vitulina, harbour seal
		The total harbour seal population in the eastern north Pacific is estimated to be 330,000, and in California the estimated population was 40,000 in 1997.
		Harbour seals spend about half their time on land and half in water, and they sometimes sleep in water.
		In the summer,the South East bay is often populated by harbour seals.
	www.racerocks.com /racerock/eco/taxalab/damionw.htm (373 words)

	Phoca vitulina, Harbor Seal at MarineBio.org
		The cause for this decline is unknown, and is suspected to be associated with decreases in the Steller's sea lion and Northern fur seal populations in the region.
		Authority to kill seals that pose a threat to public safety and property at locations such as docks and marinas was also recommended as well as authority for commercial fishermen to kill seals that destroy their catch or gear, a policy that was withdrawn in 1994.
		The seals were coated with oil and suffered from the inhalation of volatile substances and oil absorption into seal tissue resulting in abnormal behavior and pathological brain damage.
	marinebio.org /species.asp?id=158 (3178 words)

	Oceanlink \| marine sciences education and fun (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Harbour seals are found along the coast of the temperate Northern Hemisphere.
		There are several subspecies, such as the Pacific harbour seal, Phoca vitulina richardsi, who inhabits the BC coast.
		Harbour seals are opportunistic feeders, and on the BC coast feed on chum and pink salmon during the fall, octopus, rockfish and salmon in the summer and eulachon in the winter.
	oceanlink.island.net /oinfo/biodiversity/harbourseal.html (125 words)

	Irving Nature Park, Saint John, New Brunswick (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Harbour seals can be seen in and around the Saint John harbour all year long but they are only here in large numbers between November and May. During this time up to 100 seals can be found at low tide on "seal rocks", off the Seal Observation Deck at the Irving Nature Park.
		Seals, unlike whales, are able to leave water to rest on the shore.
		In fact, seals must leave the water to give birth and the pups remain on land until they have built up a layer of blubber (fat) to insulate them in the water.
	www.ifdn.com /unique/inp/unique.htm (236 words)

	Fauna - Environment - Saguenay Fjord (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Nicknamed "sea wolfe" (loup marin), the harbour seal is found on the East coast of the Atlantic.
		Unlike the other species of seals, there are fears that their numbers in the Saint Lawrence may be dropping.
		Living in the Saint Lawrence estuary, the harbour seal is cause for concern even if we don't know their exact numbers and present health status.
	www.virtualmuseum.ca /~mdufjord/english/e_harbour_seal_e.html (254 words)

	Seal Rescue or Pseudoscience? Homeopathy in Wildlife Rehabilitation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The seal rescue program is a steward of a public resource, it accepts public donations, and therefore must be accountable to the public.
		Biologists have observed that mother seals may be reluctant to return to their pups in areas of human loitering (6).
		Seal biologist Bruce Mate remarks that these pups “are physically unready to enter the ocean, and their normal behavior looks like signs of trauma to the untrained observer.
	www.saltspring.com /capewest/seal.htm (2300 words)

	Basic information for Phoca vitulina (Common or Harbour seal)
		May be confused with the grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) that has a much longer muzzle and their nostril slits are nearly parallel.
		The main threat to seals in the UK and Ireland is organochlorine compounds that may interfere with reproduction (SMRU, 2004).
		The Common or harbour seal has been reported as non-migratory and littoral in distribution and as exhibiting a diurnal haul-out pattern (Evans and Raga, 2001).
	www.marlin.ac.uk /species/Phocavitulina.htm (579 words)

	Marine Mammals - Harbour Seal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Harbour seals are most commonly found in river estuaries, where they feed on arctic cod and whitefish, but they also ascend into large lakes in search of lake trout.
		Harbour seal pups in the southern portion of the species' range shed this white pelage before birth.
		Adult harbour seals grow to 1.5 m in length, with males being slightly longer than females.
	www.arctic.uoguelph.ca /cpl/organisms/mammals/Marine/harbour.htm (175 words)

	Seal and Sea Lion T-Shirts
		The true seals or earless seals are one of the three main groups of mammals within the seal suborder, Pinnipedia.
		The phocid reproductive cycle is characterized by temporal and spatial separation between feeding and maternal investment; in other words, a pregnant female spends a long period of time foraging at sea, building up her fat reserves, and then returns to the breeding site and uses her stored energy reserves to provide milk for her pup.
		Seals, like all marine mammals, need time to develop the oxygen stores, swimming muscles and neural pathways necessary for effective diving and foraging.
	www.junglewalk.com /shop/seal-t-shirts-P6.htm (666 words)

	GSCS - Dead seal gallery
		Numbers of "nuisance seals" killed in Nova Scotia, and elsewhere in Canada, are unknown because there exists no recording or reporting requirement for fishermen who kill them.
		However, the impact of this activity on the seal populations is unknown.
		Grey seal carcass at Prospect, N.S. A common shoreline discovery in recent years, fishermen who shoot "nuisance seals" are not required to retrieve the carcasses.
	www.greyseal.net /dead_seal_gallery.htm (264 words)

	Common Seal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Common Seal (UK, Ireland), Harbor Seal (U.S.) or Harbour Seal (Canada), Phoca vitulina is a true seal of the Northern Hemisphere.
		While it is legal to kill seals which are perceived to threaten fisheries in the United Kingdom, Norway and Canada, commercial hunting is illegal; the seals are also taken in subsistence hunting and accidentally as bycatch in fishing nets.
		They also inhabit sandy intertidal zones; some seals may also enter estuaries in pursuit of their fish prey.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Common_Seal (1280 words)

	Fatal seal epidemic burns out - 02 October 2002 - New Scientist (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The virus was originally brought to Europe in 1988 by harbour seals travelling from Greenland, where it is endemic.
		Other possibilities are that the seals caught the virus from mink or from grey seals, in which PDV is rarely fatal.
		This year's epidemic was caused by the same strain as the 1988 outbreak and Lejhall is puzzled that the harbour seals do not appear to have developed any resistance to the infection.
	www.newscientist.com /article.ns?id=dn2872 (374 words)

	BBC - Science & Nature - Wildfacts - Common seal, harbour seal
		Common seals are gregarious, although they do not tend to gather in such large groups typical of other pinnipeds.
		Common seals are not endangered, although their habit of staying in the same area for the majority of the year has meant that some local populations have disappeared.
		Seals can become entangled and drown in fishing nets, and in the UK, Canada and Norway, it is legal to shoot any seals that come near fisheries.
	www.bbc.co.uk /nature/wildfacts/factfiles/167.shtml (358 words)

	WDFW - WildWatchCams
		Harbor seals use specific shoreline areas on a regular basis to haul-out of the water and rest.
		In addition to resting, Harbor seals give birth to and nurse their pups on the haul-out, and undergo an annual molt of their pelage or fur.
		To avoid possible injury to seals, dogs should be leashed and kept away from seals on the beach.
	www.wdfw.wa.gov /wildwatch/sealcam/index.html (584 words)

	The Marine Mammal Center
		True seals have small flippers and must move on land by flopping along on their bellies.
		This may be caused by an accumulation of trace elements such as iron or selenium in the ocean or a change in the hair follicle.
		STATUS: The total harbor seal population in the eastern north Pacific is estimated to be 330,000, and in California the estimated population was 40,000 in 1997.
	www.tmmc.org /learning/education/pinnipeds/harborseal.asp (598 words)

	harbour - Search Results - ninemsn Encarta
		Harbour, naturally or artificially protected basin on an ocean, lake, or river where ships may be anchored or docked without danger from waves or...
		Port, in computer hardware, a location for passing data in and out of a computing device.
		Harbour Seal, medium-sized seal with a short thick fur coat covered with variably dark to light grey blotches.
	au.encarta.msn.com /harbour.html (179 words)

	Harbour Seal pools, Eagle flight cage, aviary, intensive care,
		Harbour Seal pools, Eagle flight cage, aviary, intensive care,
		Chelidonium is especially useful with harbor seal neonates.
		Homeopathic Chamomilla was given to most seal pups and is a great general remedy for infants.
	www.sealrescue.org /homeopathy/repertory.html (3084 words)

	Harbour Seal
		Ryan and I were doing a live webcast from West Race Rocks, when we came across this harbour seal.
		It kept returning for a view of our activities so we were able to take several video shots while it hovered nearby.
		See the Harbour Seal in the Race RocksTaxonomy
	www.racerocks.com /racerock/archives/vidphoca2a.htm (102 words)

	LJFS -- Harbor seal bibliography
		Helander, B. & Bignert, A. Harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) on the Swedish Baltic coast - population trends and reproduction.
		Population development of harbour seals Phoca vitulina in the Wadden Sea after the 1988 virus epizootic.
		Schandorff, S. Developmental stability and skull lesions in the harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) in the 19th and 20th centuries.
	weber.ucsd.edu /~jmoore/oldljfos/vitulina/sealbib.html (1044 words)

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