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Topic: Hard tick

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	Tick Biology
		Hard ticks seek hosts by an interesting behavior called "questing." Questing ticks crawl up the stems of grass or perch on the edges of leaves on the ground in a typical posture with the front legs extended, especially in response to a host passing by.
		Hard ticks are most commonly collected for research by the use of "flags" or "drags" which are made from 1 m square pieces of roughly textured fabric such as fleece or flannel attached to a rod handle.
		Hard ticks feed for extended periods of time on their hosts, varying from several days to weeks, depending on such factors as life stage, host type, and species of tick.
	entomology.ucdavis.edu /faculty/rbkimsey/tickbio.html (1276 words)

	TICKS [From Wang WPS] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Hard ticks are much more common, cause greater annoyance and are far more important in the transmission of disease.
		Tick paralysis is a progressive ascending weakness caused by a neurotoxin injected by the feeding female wood tick.
		It is caused by a bacterium and is transmitted by a soft tick of the genus Ornithodoros.
	www.cdphe.state.co.us /cp/Vector/Disease/ticks.html (941 words)

	MSN Encarta - Tick
		Tick, common name for members of a group of large mitelike arachnids parasitic on mammals, birds, and reptiles.
		Ticks are found in most parts of the world but are generally limited to those habitats frequented by their hosts—namely, woods, tall grass, and shrubby vegetation—where they climb onto plants and wait to jump on a passing host.
		Ticks are actually a specialized group of mites and share many features with other mites.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761560961 (441 words)

	LABRADOR NET - Ticks
		Soft ticks commonly are active only at night when they attach to a passing host, take their meal in a matter of hours, and drop off before sunrise.
		Hard ticks, on the other hand, are by far the most commonly found type of tick on pets.
		Hard ticks are just that -- they are covered with a hard, inflexible cuticle that does not allow their bodies to expand.
	www.labradornet.com /ticks.html (1317 words)

	LDF -- About Ticks
		Ticks are bloodsucking external parasites that feed on humans, wild and domestic mammals, birds, reptiles and others.
		Ticks have eight legs as an adult and two body segments, whereas insects have six legs as an adult and three body segments.
		A hard tick seeks a blood meal at, or slightly above, ground level by climbing onto vegetation and using its forelegs to feel/grab for a host.
	www.lyme.org /ticks/facts.html (302 words)

	Tick Biology for the Homeowner
		Hard ticks have a thickened plate on the idiosoma that is called the scutum.
		Male ticks are slightly smaller, and are chestnut brown with similar light-colored vertical markings on the dorsal surface.
		Lyme disease is caused by infection with the bacterial spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi.
	www.entomology.cornell.edu /MedEnt/TickBioFS/TickBioFS.html (3643 words)

	ticks
		Catching hold of a host, the tick typically hangs on until the host is at rest, then crawls to a suitable location–on people, a warm, moist place, often at a limb joint, a hairline, or at the edge of clothing.
		Hard ticks feed on a blood meal only once at each stage, then drop off and can remain passive in leaf-litter or vegetation for several months between stages.
		Ticks tend to be picky: about half of Oregon's tick species are found only on birds, and most of the rest are partial to small mammals.
	www.wavecrestdiscoveries.com /articles/ticks.htm (724 words)

	Vet-Kem: Health Tips
		Ticks are usually divided into two classifications: hard ticks, which are found out in the open, and soft ticks that live in nests and burrows.
		Hard ticks are more prevalent in the United States and cause greater damage to pets and humans than soft ticks.
		Tick populations usually surge in the early spring, well ahead of the peak flea season, which usually occurs in the late summer.
	www.vetkem.com /ticks.htm (254 words)

	Hard tick - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with tick.
		Ixodid or hard ticks are ticks of the family Ixodidae.
		Hard ticks may remain attached to the skin of a host for long periods of time.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hard_tick (108 words)

	Urban Entomology [Ebeling Chap. 9 part 3] Pests Attacking Mand and His Pets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The female hard tick has a hard plate or shield on the anterior region of the back (figure 305, B), the remainder of which is smooth, and the body can be greatly extended by feeding.
		Hard ticks are scarce in forests being more abundant in shrubby areas, especially along trails or paths, to which they are attracted by the scents left by animals.
		This tick (plate VIII, 6) is found in the Rocky Mountain states, as well as in Nevada, eastern Oregon and Washington, and in parts of California east of the Sierra Nevada and Cascade mountains.
	www.entomology.ucr.edu /ebeling/ebel9-3.html (19692 words)

	eMedicine - Tick-Borne Diseases, Introduction : Article by Jonathan A Edlow, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Ticks feed by perching in low vegetation and waiting (questing) for a susceptible host on which they can attach and feed.
		Tick removal is best accomplished by grabbing the tick as close to the skin as possible with a very fine forceps and pulling it gradually, but firmly, out from the skin.
		This tick is the vector for monocytic ehrlichiosis and a Lymelike disease that occurs in the midcentral and southern United States.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/topic584.htm (1623 words)

	Tick: pictures, information, classification and more (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Ticks are found in most parts of the world but are generally limited to those habitats frequented by their hosts-namely, woods, tall grass, and shrubby vegetation-where they climb onto plants and wait to jump on a passing host.
		The American dog tick is classified as Dermacentor variabilis, and the deer tick as Ixodes dammini.
		The relapsing-fever tick belongs to the soft-tick family, Argasidae, and is classified as Ornithodoros turicata.
	everythingabout.net /articles/biology/animals/arthropods/arachnids/tick (542 words)

	Hard Ticks: Species of ticks that are considered hard ticks.
		Hard Ticks: Species of ticks that are considered hard ticks.
		The Brown Dog Tick, American Dog Tick, Rocky Mountain Wood Tick and the Groundhog Tick are all in a group know as hard ticks.
		This tick is a vector of the causal organism of Rocky Mountain spotted fever and is one of the species commonly involved with tick paralysis.
	www.pestproducts.com /pests/hardticks.htm (986 words)

	Ticks
		This disease is caused by a microorganism of the genus Borrelia.
		Tick bites and tick habitats should be avoided, impermeable gloves should be worn when skinning and dressing game animals, wild game meat should be thoroughly cooked, and untreated drinking-water should be avoided in areas where the disease occurs.
		The tick should be grasped as close as possible to where the head enters the skin, so as not to crush it, and care should be taken not to break off the embedded mouthparts, as they may cause irritation and secondary infection.
	www.who.int /docstore/water_sanitation_health/vectcontrol/ch26.htm (3228 words)

	MSN Encarta - Print Preview - Tick (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Ticks are divided into two families: hard ticks and soft ticks.
		In hard ticks, the mouthparts are visible from above.
		Hard ticks are parasites primarily of mammals but are also found on birds and reptiles.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761560961___5/Tick.html (207 words)

	EUCALB Biology: The Tick: Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Ticks are divided taxonomically into two main families - the soft ticks (Argasidae) and the hard ticks (Ixodidae).
		The hard ticks are flattened dorsoventrally in the unfed state and the mouthparts are clearly visible.
		However the presence of the spirochaete in ticks does not necessarily mean that they are capable of transmitting it to new hosts.
	www.oeghmp.at /eucalb/biology_the-tick-introduction.html (302 words)

	PET TALK
		Ticks are blood-feeding external parasites that feed on the blood of mammals, birds and reptiles.
		Hard ticks, according to Vredevoe, seek hosts by a behavior called "questing." Questing ticks crawl up the stems of grass or perch on the edges of leaves on the ground in a typical posture with the front legs extended, especially in response to a host passing by.
		The wood tick is significantly larger than the deer tick, about 1/8 of an inch, and may have a white dot on its body.
	www.gmtoday.com /features/pets/pet_talk_03.asp (1005 words)

	eMedicine - Tick-Borne Diseases, Introduction : Article Excerpt by: Jonathan A Edlow, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		From the perspective of disease transmission to humans, the essential characteristic of ticks is their need to ingest a blood meal to transform to their next stage of development.
		In North America, the following diseases are caused by tick bites: Lyme disease, human granulocytic and monocytic ehrlichiosis, babesiosis, relapsing fever, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Colorado tick fever, tularemia, Q fever, and tick paralysis.
		In fact, one study suggests that repeated tick bites may actually protect against Lyme disease, possibly due to developed hypersensitivity from the prior bites of uninfected ticks.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/byname/tick-borne-diseases-introduction.htm (424 words)

	Many Tick Related Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Tick bite paralysis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, relapsing fever, tularemia (rabbit fever), and Texas cattle fever are...
		Ticks are blood-sucking members of the class Arachnida, a group of arthropods that also includes spiders, scorpions, and mites.
		Tick biology and habits, identification of ticks; vectors of Lyme disease.
	www.meds-4-pets.com /ticks/index.html (1591 words)

	American Dog Tick (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		There are two principal types of ticks, the hard tick, such as the dog tick shown, and the soft tick (the fowl tick, for example).
		Hard ticks usually have two or three hosts (and molts) during a lifetime, but soft ticks require many molts and need many hosts to complete development.
		Tick bite paralysis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, relapsing fever, tularemia (rabbit fever), and Texas cattle fever are some of the important diseases associated with ticks.
	entweb.clemson.edu /cuentres/cesheets/biting/ce194.htm (139 words)

	OLYMPUS MIC-D: Oblique Illumination Gallery - American Dog Tick (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Although it bears the name dog tick, this blood-sucking representative of the arachnids (spiders, tick, and mites) can feed on a wide-variety of mammalian hosts including dogs, coyotes, fox, skunks, cattle, raccoons, opossum, deer, squirrels, rabbits, chipmunks, and when given the opportunity, humans too.
		Although American dog ticks are not vectors for Lyme disease, they are the primary carrier of Rocky Mountain spotted fever, a serious threat to human health transmitted by the bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii.
		Tick paralysis is also possible when a neurotoxin produced in the tick's ovaries is secreted into the host's blood stream.
	www.mic-d.com /gallery/oblique/americandogtick.html (375 words)

	Cats and Kittens Magazine: Tick Prevention
		Hard ticks are the most commonly found on pets.
		When the hard tick is feeding, it ingests the host's blood, keeps the solid material from the blood and returns the liquid plasma back to the host.
		The NPHCN warns that each time a tick feeds on a host, it may pick up a disease organism from its host and then pass it on to its next host-possibly your pet.
	www.petpublishing.com /catkit/news/sergeant2.shtml (314 words)

	Identification and molecular characterization of a chitinase from the hard tick Haemaphysalis longicornis. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Identification and molecular characterization of a chitinase from the hard tick Haemaphysalis longicornis.
		Identification and molecular characterization of a chitinase from the hard tick Haemaphysalis longicornis.This is the first report of insect baculovirus infection of ticks.
		The endogenous chitinase of H. longicornis was identified by a two-dimensional immunoblot analysis with mouse anti-rCHT1 serum and shown to have a molecular mass of 108 kDa with a pI of 5.
	www.pdg.cnb.uam.es /UniPub/iHOP/gp/9858643.html (253 words)

	Tick Biology, Hard and Soft Ticks, Control
		Knowing the life cycle or different stages of a tick during its development is knowledge that is critical to tick control inside homes or other buildings.
		Hard ticks have only one nymphal instar while soft ticks may have several.
		Adult soft ticks are generally longer-lived, and egg-laying is a periodic activity of the female.
	www.pestproducts.com /ticks3.htm (530 words)

	Ticks, some of the most feared parasites in the world
		usually occurs while the ticks are on the body of the host animal.
		and is spread primarily by the hard tick species.
		This tick is one of the vectors for the organism which causes
	www.no-pest.com /Ticks.htm (595 words)

	Hard tick -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Hard tick -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		Ixodid or hard ticks are (Any of two families of small parasitic arachnids with barbed proboscis; feed on blood of warm-blooded animals) ticks of the family Ixodae.
		Hard ticks are distinguished from Argasidae or (Tick lacking a dorsal shield and having mouth parts on the under side of the head) soft ticks by their (A tough semitransparent horny substance; the principal component of the exoskeletons of arthropods and the cell walls of certain fungi) chitinous external shell.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/H/Ha/Hard_tick.htm (100 words)

	Rumen metabolites serve ticks to exploit large mammals -- Donzé et al. 207 (24): 4283 -- Journal of Experimental ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Hard ticks spend most of their life isolated from passing vertebrates
		Ticks that spent more time walking in the cone delimited by 60° either side of upwind (in red) after presentation of the rumen odour were considered to be attracted.
		Receptor cells from both tick species also responded to acetic acid, propionic acid, phenol and 2-methylphenol (data not presented).
	jeb.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/207/24/4283 (3184 words)

	A novel, fast-growing Borrelia sp. isolated from the hard tick Hyalomma aegyptium in Turkey -- Güner et al. 149 ...
		Ticks were dissected with forceps and scissors, and examined
		tortoises and is transmitted from the tortoises to the ticks
		Barbour, A. G., Maupin, G. O., Teltow, G. J., Carter, C. and Piesman, J. Identification of an uncultivable Borrelia species in the hard tick Amblyomma americanum: possible agent of a Lyme disease-like illness.
	mic.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/149/9/2539 (2895 words)

	Exon-intron structure of hard tick calreticulin genes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		To better understand the molecular basis of CRT in ticks, we cloned and sequenced full-length cDNAs encoding hard tick CRTs using the techniques of rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE).
		The coding region of hard tick Calreticulin genes have only one intron with a conserved position and variable size.
		In addition, Calreticulin is a potential useful nuclear-protein encoding gene for tick phylogenetic reconstruction.
	esa.confex.com /esa/2003/techprogram/paper_11338.htm (186 words)

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