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	Encyclopedia: Hardtack
		Hardtack (also hard tack) is a simple type of cracker or biscuit, made from flour, water, and salt.
		Hardtack could become infested with insects in the government storehouses or during the soldier’s travels.
		Place hardtack squares on cookie sheet and bake in oven until edges are brown or dough is hard (20-25 minutes), making sure all moisture is removed from mixture before taking out of oven.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Hardtack (517 words)

	Hardtack
		Hardtack is thick cracker made of flour, water, and sometimes salt.
		While hardtack was furnished to the army by weight, the biscuits were doled out to soldiers by number.
		When the hardtack was moldy or moist, it was thrown away and made good the next time that rations were issued, but soldiers usually had to put up with insect infestations.
	www.kenanderson.net /hardtack (379 words)

	HARDTACK (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Hardtack is a hard cracker-like biscuit made of flour, salt and water, was one of the most typical rations issued to soldiers and sailors by the U. government because it was fairly nutritious and unlikely to spoil.
		Some Hardtack was so hard it had to be broken with a rifle butt or a "blow of the fist" to prepare for eating.
		Hardtack was commonly held in government storehouses and usually become infested with insects while in storage or during the soldier’s travels.
	www.grandarmyofthefrontier.org /hardtack.htm (2741 words)

	Hardtack - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Hardtack is a variety of cracker, made from flour, water, and salt.
		Cheap to make and long-lasting, it was a convenient food for sailors, soldiers, and explorers.
		Hardtack was usually eaten by itself or crumbled into water, coffee, or soup.
	www.encyclopedia-online.info /Hardtack (74 words)

	www.hyperbear.com: About Hardtack
		Hardtack is a set of American Civil War miniatures rules for handling regiment versus regiment battles.
		Hardtack uses a scale of one figure representing between 3 and 5 men.
		This allows Hardtack to model American Civil War battles at the scale of one regiment per side, filling a gap between the Brother Against Brother and the Johnny Reb III rule sets.
	www.hyperbear.com /hardtack/hardtack-about.html (244 words)

	* Hardtack - (Gastronomy): Definition
		Hardtack A type of bread that is actually like a cracker and is made from unleavened dough of flour and water.
		hardtack = hard bread = pilot biscuit = pilot bread = sea bread = ship biscuit = ship bread = tack Notes: Hardtack is an unleavened, unsalted biscuit that sailors used to eat while on long sea voyages...
		This is not a wild version of the rabbits raised domestically for food in Europe and some parts of the United States, but another type...
	www.mimihu.com /gastronomy/hardtack.html (168 words)

	Gett Kidz- Civil War food (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Hardtack was a biscuit made of flour with other simple ingredients, and issued to Union soldiers throughout the war.
		If the hardtack was received soon after leaving the factory, they were quite tasty and satisfying.
		Sometimes they were infested with small bugs the soldiers called weevils, so they referred to the hardtack as "worm castles" because of the many holes bored through the crackers by these pests.
	www.nps.gov /gett/gettkidz/hardtack.htm (1117 words)

	What Is Hardtack?
		Hardtack is a cracker-like biscuit made of flour, salt, and water and was one of the most typical rations issued to soldiers by the U.S. government because it was fairly nutritious and unlikely to spoil.
		Hardtack was cooked on shore and loaded on board by the barrel.
		Let the hardtack cool on a wire rack before serving with jam or jelly.
	lynnescountrykitchen.net /lostrecipes/hardtack.html (450 words)

	Hardtack History and Recipe
		Hardtack is the most famous American Civil War staple food.
		Carrying a piece of hardtack around in your haversack would serves as a good living history discussion piece for the public.
		His piece of hardtack was small and I've seen larger ones.
	users.lmi.net /mcm20me/20th_Maine/CompG/research/hardtack.htm (995 words)

	Hardtack Cutter
		You could write a book on stories told by Civil War soldiers about the infamous hardtack they were issued to eat, a very funny book I might add.
		Hardtack was made from a dough of flour and water only.
		This cutter is well made and will last longer making hardtack than you will eating it.
	www.richmonville.com /3008.htm (139 words)

	Hardtack
		Indeed, much of the damage to the hardtack cracker's reputation as the soldier's friend was the improper handling of the cracker rather than any fault in the cracker itself.
		Just as your bullets are blanks so as to cause you less pain in re-enacting the battles and skirmishes, so your Bent hardtack is packaged fresh in reseal able plastic so as to cause you less pain when re-enacting the supper.
		This Hardtack Crate is a replica of what Bent Co. used during the Civil War period.
	www.bentscookiefactory.com /hardtack.htm (607 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Hardtack was an all -purpose food that soldiers of the 19
		Soldiers on campaign were given a pound of this hardtack each day.
		The word "hardtack" comes from an old English sailor’s term "tack" meaning food or something to eat.
	www.fortlaramie.com /ftg_hardtack_project.htm (377 words)

	Alexandria, VA - Fort Ward Museum - Make Your Own Hardtack! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		This hard bread was made in government bakeries located in cities and shipped in barrels to the troops.
		Many Civil War soldiers complained about this ration noting the extreme hardness of the biscuits (sometimes called "teeth-dullers"), which at times had to be broken with a rifle "butt" or a "blow of the fist" to prepare for eating.
		Soldiers sometimes softened the pieces by soaking them in coffee, frying them in bacon grease, or crumbling them in soup.
	oha.ci.alexandria.va.us /fortward/fw-hardtack.html (273 words)

	Hardtack History
		Inexpensive, stable, and easy to transport, hardtack was a staple in military life throughout most of our history.
		It appears that it was first called hardtack by the Union Army of the Potomac; although the name spread to other units, it was generally referred to as hard bread by the armies of the West.
		Hardtack was also called "sheet iron crackers", "teeth dullers", or "worm castles", a reference to the weevils and maggots that were all too often found in the boxes of hardtack.
	www.kenanderson.net /hardtack/history.html (583 words)

	Operation Hardtack II
		Hardtack II included 37 tests, the largest test series so far, exceeding the 35 tests of the just completed Hardtack I. Hardtack I had focused primarily on high yield proof or developemental tests of complete thermonuclear weapons, which necessitated it be conducted in the distant Pacific (a total of 35.6 Mt being fired).
		In contrast, Hardtack II consisted exclusively of low yield tests, many of them attempted zero-yield one-point safety tests, which could be conducted in relative safety in Nevada (some were underground).
		Hardtack Phase II still released some 3,140 kilocuries of radioiodine (I-131) into the atmosphere (about equal to the Trinity test), only ~5% as much as the previous test series (Plumbbob).
	www.nuclearweaponarchive.org /Usa/Tests/Hardtack2.html (1261 words)

	Bio of Hardtack Henry
		During that time, the main staple of their diet, hardtack was the only man-made substance jokingly considered to be "bulletproof"!
		By 1887, the Sioux were "contained" on the desolate wastelands called "reservations", and General Miles had a new command.
		Hardtack decided to retire from the Army and make a living with the only tools he was every proficient at.
	www.sunriverrangers.com /HHBio.html (846 words)

	Hardtack Regiment: 154th New York
		Anyone interested in learning more about what the soldiers of the Hardtack Regiment endured during the war are encouraged to examine the following list of my publications on various aspects of the 154th's history.
		The Hardtack Regiment: An Illustrated History of the 154th Regiment, New York State Infantry Volunteers.
		"Hardtack and Sauerkraut Stew: Ethnic Tensions in the 154th New York Volunteers, Eleventh Corps, During the Civil War," Yearbook of German-American Studies, Vol.
	hometown.aol.com /NYVI154th/hardtackregiment.html (2936 words)

	General Brock.com — Hardtack (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Hardtack are hard, dry biscuits that need to be softened with moisture before eating (otherwise, they are basically inedible.) The advantage was that they kept for an extraordinarily long time.
		Back in the day, the hardtack was often soaked in water, then dipped in salt pork fat and cooked over an open fire on the end of bayonets.
		Alternatively, it can be dunked in coffee or put on top of a stew.
	www.generalbrock.com /level2/articles/recipes/hardtack.htm (264 words)

	Hardtack And Coffee
		While hardtack was nutritious, yet a hungry man could eat his ten in a short time and still be hungry....
		Soon they would be surrounded by the soldiers, who made it an almost invariable rule to cook their coffee first, after which a large number, tired out with the toils of the day, would make their supper of hardtack and coffee, and roll up in their blankets for the night.
		It was coffee at meals and between meals; and men going on guard or coming off guard drank it at all hours of the night, and today the old soldiers who can stand it are the hardest coffee-drinkers in the community, through the schooling which they received in the service.
	www.civilwarhome.com /hardtackandcoffee.htm (1646 words)

	CNN.com - Massachusetts company still rolls out hardtack dough for Civil War enthusiasts - August 7, 2000
		MILTON, Massachusetts (AP) -- Hardtack crackers, once a staple for hungry Union soldiers in the Civil War, are dry as a bone, hard as a brick, and all of a sudden selling like hot cakes over the Internet.
		The ovens at the G.H. Bent Co. are roaring to fill hardtack orders for re-enactors like Ken Callaway, who tries to replicate every detail of the battlefield -- down to the food in his pockets.
		He tried making the hardtack biscuits that soldiers kept in their pockets for weeks a time.
	www.cnn.com /2000/FOOD/news/08/07/civilwar.biscuits.ap/index.html (691 words)

	hardtack (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Probably the one, first, and most requested recipie, is for hardtack (also known as 'tack, ironplate biscuits, army bread, and other colorful names).
		From the 1862 US Army book of recipes, is one that is guaranteed to keep your dentist happy with bridge and upper plate work, and not to satisfy your culinary hunger.
		It will be somewhat soft on Saturday morning, but, by Sunday, you should soak it in your coffee before eating, else you will have a hard time chewing.
	www.us-civilwar.com /hardtack.htm (229 words)

	America's Atomic Bomb Tests #2: Operation Hardtack - DVD - 110 Minutes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Volume 2 of the America's Atomic Bomb Test series covers Operation Hardtack, in which bombs were detonated below ground, underwater, and in the atmosphere to study their effects.
		Airborne planes were flown near the explosion to gauge how they handled the shock wave, and destroyers and barges were loaded with instruments and used as target ships in the underwater tests.
		Use of text, images, layout, format, look, or feel of these pages, without the written permission of the copyright holder, except as specified in the Copyright Notice, is strictly prohibited.
	www.mphpa.org /VIDEOS/Video-17.htm (458 words)

	From Hardtack to Home Fries: An Uncommon History of American Cooks and Meals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Barbara Haber's fascinating From Hardtack to Home Fries bills itself as "An Uncommon History of American Cooks and Meals." More exactly, it locates the recurrent intersection of American women's history and culinary practice and shows how one shaped the other.
		Barbara Haber has spent years investigating stories of changing ways of cooking meals in America: this gathers the best of these insights from the 1840s to modern times, using cookbooks and menus from all classes, regions, and eras to explore the changing world of food.
		From the role of food in luring adventurers to the undiscovered American west to how cooking kept POWS alive during World War II, From Hardtack To Home Fries is packed with intriguing history.
	www.textkit.com /0_0142002976.html (1025 words)

	Atomic Tests: Operation Hardtack 1, Pacific Proving Grounds 1958
		Leroy Peffer served as an Electricians Mate on the weapons carrier USS Curtiss during Operation Castle, Wigwam, Redwing and Hardtack.
		February 1, 2000--Allen Skelton an Atomic Veteran of Operation Hardtack, Task Group 7.3 Boat Pool and who was stationed on Perry Island, has passed away.
		John Kerslake, served on the USS Perkins DDR 877 at Operation Hardtack.
	www.aracnet.com /~pdxavets/hardtac1.htm (1365 words)

	Atomic Veteran: Thomas J. Hanlon, Operation Hardtack
		We were now Operation Hardtack JTF 7.2, Newsreel.
		The only aircraft aboard were a couple of Korea era helicopters that were used in the Hardtack operation.
		The USS Boxer was anchored about 50 80 miles northeast of Johnston island as we awaited the test firing of the missile and nuclear warhead.
	www.aracnet.com /%7Epdxavets/hanlon8.htm (2340 words)

	Operation Hardtack I \| Nuclear Test Photographs \| Media Gallery \| atomicarchive.com
		Hardtack I included 35 tests, the largest test series so far (1958 in fact saw a total of 77 U.S. tests, more than the three previous record setting years combined).
		Partly this burst of testing activity was due to building pressure for an imminent test moratorium, leading the weapons labs to rush as many device types to the test range as possible.
		This project is part of the National Science Digital Library funded by the Division of Undergraduate Education, National Science Foundation Grant 0434253
	www.atomicarchive.com /Photos/LANL/Hardtack_1.shtml (197 words)

	The Food Timeline: history notes--cookies, crackers & biscuits
		Hardtack was also a staple of all along the coast of New England and in the Maritime Provinces of Canada...Hardtack had to be shaved or shopped off the baked brick, then soaked with water then soften before it could be used for chowder and other dishes."
		Hardtack and other crisp biscuits were certainly known and consumed.
		Hardtack was also a staple all along the coast of New England and in the Maritime Provinces of Canada, where villagers faced similar problems with fresh flour...Chowder was a way to make hardtack edible.
	www.foodtimeline.org /foodcookies.html (16064 words)

	Barbara Haber
		Barbara Haber is the author of From Hardtack to Home Fries: An Uncommon History of American Cooks and Meals, published by Simon and Schuster's Free Press and by Penguin in paperback.
		From Hardtack to Home Fries: An Uncommon History of American Cooks and Meals surveys key events in American history by celebrating those who have prepared and served our country's food - to feed themselves and loved ones, improve our nation's health and well being, pursue careers in cooking, and help preserve their ancestral heritage.
		From Hardtack to Home Fries also explains the broad appeal of cookbooks and shows how many of them, like community cookbooks and cookbooks by well-known writers like Lillian Hellman and Marjory Kennan Rawlings, are as important to understanding American life as diaries and other traditional historical documents.
	www.barbarahaber.net (2085 words)

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