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Iraqi National Assembly election, 2005

Seats, Quotas and Voting Rules If there are 100 voters and 5 seats, the quota is 20 and all 100 ballots are needed to elect 5 reps. This is called either the simple quota or the Hare quota. The failure of Hare quota to empower the majority would lead to more serious political turmoil than the failure of Droop quota to represent a minority. In that case the candidate with the lowest percentage of her quota is eliminated. accuratedemocracy.com /e_shares.htm   (1418 words)

Spartanburg SC | GoUpstate.com | Spartanburg Herald-Journal The Hare quota was devised by Thomas Hare, one of the earliest supporters of STV. The Hare quota is generally kinder to small parties than the Droop quota because they have a better chance to win the final seat. In an election held under the Hare quota it is possible for a group of candidates supported by a clear majority of voters to receive only a minority of seats if those voters do not disperse their vote relatively evenly across all their supported candidates. www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Hare_quota   (662 words)

Center for Voting and Democracy Hare Quota - Used in largest remainder PR electoral systems to determine how seats are awarded. The quota is ascertained by the following formula: total vote divided by the number of seats. First, parties are awarded seats in proportion to the number of quotas they fulfill (quotas vary depending on which of the three systems are used). www.fairvote.org /glossary.htm   (2194 words)

Hare Clark Explained. Antony Green Election Guide. Australian Broadcasting Corp (ABC). Quota preferential systems are used for the Senate, to elect upper houses in New South Wales, South Australia, Western Australia, and from 2006, the Victorian Legislative Council. It is common to express the vote for a party in quota terms, where we divide the vote for a party by the vote quota. In transferring votes from A to B, candidate B passes the Quota, and the votes transferred from A are examined to determine the surplus vote. www.abc.net.au /elections/tas/2006/guide/hareclark.htm   (6133 words)

Hare-Clark for Tasmania's House of Assembly: Begun by Attorney-General, Andrew Inglis Clark, in 1896 Droop quota, rather than the Hare quota originally put forward by Thomas Hare, is used in the Hare-Clark electoral system, as is the case in virtually all modern quota-preferential proportional representation systems, because it avoids some of the practical disadvantages of the Hare quota. Gregory fractional transfer is the system of transferring surplus votes by examining all relevant papers prescribed, and transferring a fractional part of their vote value to the candidate indicated as the next available preference. home.vicnet.net.au /~prsa/history/hareclar.htm   (335 words)

Lipjhart on PR formulas In the first example of Table A.2, based on the us of the Hare quota, parties A, B, C, and D have 3, 2, 1, and 1 full Hare quotas respectively and are therefore given 3, 2, 1, and 1 seats-a total of 7 seats-in the initial allocation. This is party C with a remaining 0.36 of a Hare quota; and the final distribution of seats becomes 3, 2, 2, 1. Since the second count does not yield another candidate with the Droop quota necessary for election, the weakest candidate (R) is eliminated and his or her 5 votes transferred to the next preference on the ballots (Q) in the third count. www.janda.org /c24/Readings/Lijphart/Lijphart.html   (2050 words)

Lipjhart on PR formulas In all quota systems, the first step is to calculate a quota of votes that entitles parties to a seat; a party gets as many seats as it has quotas of votes; any unallocated seats are then given to those parties having the largest numbers of unused votes (remainders). The Hare quota is the oldest and simplest of the quotas: it is simply the total number of valid votes divided by the number of seats at stake in a district. Among the quota systems, proportionality decreases as the quota decreases; this is illustrated in Table A.2 where the use of the Droop quota instead of the Hare quota causes the small party C to lose a seat and the largest party A to win an extra seat. janda.org /c24/Readings/Lijphart/Lijphart.html   (2050 words)

Hare quota Information The Hare quota was devised by Thomas Hare, one of earliest pioneers of STV. In 1868 Henry Richmond Droop (1831-1884) invented the Droop quota as a replacement for the Hare quota and today, because it is considered to be technically inferior, the Hare quota has largely fallen into disuse. The Droop quota is smaller than the Hare quota, and was first suggested because it is the smallest quota that, like the Hare quota, ensures that the number of candidates who reach the quota will not be greater than the number of seats to be filled. www.bookrags.com /wiki/Hare_quota   (562 words)

lawyer Hare_quota - lawyer-report.com   (Site not responding. Last check: ) The Hare quota (also known as the simple quota) is a formula used under some forms of the Single Transferable Vote (STV) system and the largest remainder method of party-list proportional representation. The Hare quota was devised by Thomas Hare, one of the earliest supporters of STV. In 1868 Henry Richmond Droop (1831-1884) invented the Droop quota as a replacement for the Hare quota and today, because it is considered to be technically inferior by some standards (not by all), the Hare quota is today rarely used with STV. www.lawyer-report.com /Hare_quota   (338 words)

[No title] Determine the quota that suffices to elect a member by dividing the number of valid ballots by a number greater by one than the number of seats to be filled and adding one to the result, disregarding any fraction that may arise. The Hare System is intended to secure the representation of every shade of the electorate's opinion in direct proportion to its numerical strength. The extra 1 is added (after the division) inasmuch as, without it, the quota would be 23, and it would then be possible for 18 candidates each to receive 23 votes, whereas only 17 are to be elected. people.cs.uchicago.edu /~dupont/stuff/hare.txt   (1540 words)

Plurality systems are the simplest of all electoral systems The simplest method of determining a quota is to divide the number of valid votes by the number of seats to be allocated. quota, in which the number of votes is divided by the number of seats plus one and adding one to the quotient; and the Imperiali quota, in which the number of votes is divided by the number of seats plus two. Votes surplus to the quota cast for successful candidates are transferred amongst the remaining candidates according to the second preferences recorded by the voter. homepages.udayton.edu /~ahern/ausaec.htm   (5226 words)

PR Reform Any list which gets 1 or more quota of votes is allocated one seat per quota, then for those lists which have unelected candidates, the remaining votes are ranked by size, and the remaining seats are allocated to the lists with the largest remainders. Anyone with a quota is elected, and the process repeats itself until all the seats are allocated. We have shown that the Hare quota and largest remainder system of Hong Kong's proportional representation are structurally biased in favour of short lists, 1-person lists and lunatics, while failing to allow electors to vote for an individual candidate. webb-site.com /articles/PRreform.htm   (2855 words)

The Hare System of Proportional Representation Under the usual form of voting for a list of people for a committee or representative body where several are to be chosen, a bare majority of the votes or even a plurality is sufficient to elect. The quota of 24 represents the least number of first choices a candidate may receive and still be declared elected. The extra "1" is added (after the division) because, without it, the quota would be 23, making it possible for 18 candidates each to receive 23 votes, when only 17 are to be elected. sof.uchicago.edu /hare/overview.html   (771 words)

Hare quota   (Site not responding. Last check: ) The Hare quota is a formula used to calculate the minimum number, or quota, of votes required to capture a seat in some forms of single transferable vote or largest remainder method party-list proportional representation voting systems. Typically its effect is kinder to smaller parties than using the Droop quota or Imperiali quota. It produces larger numerical quotas, which has the effect of increasing the number of candidates elected without receiving a full quota. www.xasa.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/h/ha/hare_quota_1.html   (97 words)

Quota A quota is a prescribed number or share of something. In proportional representation, a quota is a lowerbound on the number of votes needed to be elected. This is a disambiguation page; that is, one that just points to other pages that might otherwise have the same name. www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/qu/Quota.html   (72 words)

Thomas Hare   (Site not responding. Last check: ) Hare was said to have been 'conspicuous for great industry - to have wide interests in life and clearness of intellectual vision'. Under Hare's method, simply dividing the vote by the number of seats constituted the quota and then the surplus was expected to be distributed 'at random'. Hare's famous original work Machinery of Representation appeared in 1857 (in two editions) and many editions of his equally famous Treatise on the Election of Representatives: Parliamentary and Municipal appeared between 1859 and 1873. www.fiu.edu /~rosentha/MGF1107/Hare.htm   (405 words)

ACT Electoral Commission - Fact Sheet: Hare-Clark It was named after the English lawyer, Sir Thomas Hare, who developed a proportional representation system in 1859, and Andrew Inglis Clark, who was the Tasmanian Attorney General between 1887 and 1892 and again from 1894 to 1897. A quota is a specific number of votes which is calculated using the number of formal votes cast and the number of vacancies. If a candidate has received more votes than the quota following a transfer of votes from another elected candidate or from an excluded candidate, only that "last parcel" of ballot papers that the candidate received are distributed to continuing candidates at a fractional transfer value. www.elections.act.gov.au /hare.html   (1495 words)

Largest remainder method - Electowiki The most common are: the Hare quota and the Droop quota. The Hare quota tends to be slightly more generous to less popular parties and the Droop quota to more popular parties. In such a case, it is usual to increase the quota until the number of candidates elected is equal to the number of seats available, in effect changing the voting system to a highest averages system with the Jefferson apportionment formula. wiki.electorama.com /wiki/Largest_remainder_method   (509 words)

STV File Format For the Meek and Warren methods only, a quota of droop2 or hare2 can be specified, which implies a mandatory minimum quota of Droop/2 or Hare/2 respectively. If quota=mandatory is specified in addition to another quota, then a candidate must reach the specifed quota quota in order to be elected, and that seats may be left empty. In this format, only the method= and quota= lines are used; the other information is included in the.blt format. lobitos.net /voting/format.html   (848 words)

Spartanburg SC | GoUpstate.com | Spartanburg Herald-Journal This will generally leave some seats unallocated: the parties are then ranked on the basis of the fraction or equivalently on the basis of the remainder, and parties with the larger fractions or remainders are each allocated one additional seat until all the seats have been allocated. The Hamilton method of apportionment is actually a largest-remainder method which is specifically defined as using the Hare Quota, named after Alexander Hamilton, who invented the largest-remainder method, in 1792. The largest remainder method is the only apportionment that satisfies the quota rule; in fact, it is designed to satisfy this criterion. www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=largest_remainder_method   (591 words)

Electoral Systems (BP334E)   (Site not responding. Last check: ) The simplest method of establishing a quota (the "Hare quota") functions as follows: the number of votes cast is divided by the number of seats to be filled. When the "Droop quota" is used, the number of votes cast is divided by the number of seats plus one and one is added to the quotient. For example, if a Hare quota has been set at 5,000 votes, each party will be given one seat for each bloc of 5,000 votes that it has received. www.parl.gc.ca /information/library/PRBpubs/bp334-e.htm   (7242 words)

Fair apportionment   (Site not responding. Last check: ) One can easily calculate the number of representatives a state is entitled to by dividing the population of the state (Pi) by the total population of the United States (P), and multiplying that by the number of seats in the House of Representatives (H). This yields the quota for the ith state, Qi = H × Pi/P. However this will generally not be an integer, but representatives are discrete objects, so the assigned number of representatives (Ai) cannot, in general, equal Qi. If the reader is surprised at how far the assigned values for some states are from their quotas, the reader may bear in mind that the Constitution was written before the 1890 census was taken, hence the populations of the states were not known. cns2.uni.edu /~campbell/mdm/apport.html   (801 words)

Election Reform In Canada In the hare quota the number of votes cast is divided by the number of seats to be filled. Under the hare quota during the 2000 election the Liberal Party with 40.8 % of the vote would receive one hundred-twenty-five or 41.5% of the seats in the House. Under the Hare Quota the average difference between the percent of seats awarded to the percent of votes was 0.075%, while in the same election under the single member plurality system the average difference was 0.35%. www.ftlcomm.com /ensign/ensign2/politicsNpoliticalSc/electionReform/electionreform.html   (3269 words)

SuperHare: an algorithm for proportional representation In particular, we note that the traditional Hare system cannot be applied in certain cases where the representative body is not a very small fraction of the electorate, a situation that arises when a smallish group chooses a committee from itself. This migration continues until two more candidates achieve the quota, barring a student who unsportingly sticks with a clear loser, or a problematic choice of who is to drop out between two candidates with the same smallest number of votes. One way to overcome the quota problem is to recompute the Droop quota Q after each batch of w winners is found, to take into consideration that k has decreased by w, and N has decreased by wQ. www.math.fau.edu /Richman/Docs/hare.htm   (3255 words)

Electoral systems (BP-334E) The simplest method of establishing a quota (the "Hare quota") functions as follows: the number of votes cast is divided by the number of seats to be filled. Under the "Hagenbach-Bischoff quota," the number of votes cast is divided by the number of seats to be filled plus one. When the "Droop quota" is used, the number of votes cast is divided by the number of seats plus one and one is added to the quotient. dsp-psd.communication.gc.ca /Collection-R/LoPBdP/BP/bp334-e.htm   (7123 words)

Proportional Representation To calculate the quota, the number of formal votes is divided by one more than the number of candidates to be elected (rounded up to the next whole number). For House of Assembly elections, the quota is the minimum number of votes a candidate requires to guarantee he/she is one of the highest five candidates. If a candidate has more first preference votes than the quota, he/she is declared elected, withdrawn from the scrutiny and his/her surplus votes are distributed to the continuing candidates (as count 2) according to the preferences indicated on each ballot paper. www.mysteriesofcanada.com /Canadian_Political_System/proportional_representation.htm   (2299 words)

Indonesia-EU Home Page | 2004 General Elections | Pemilu | Pemilu | Questions This number of full quotas is the initial allocation of seats to the party in that electoral district. If a candidate has received a number of individual votes equal to or greater than this quota, he/she is eligible to be considered to be assigned to one of the seats won by that party. The candidates whose personal votes equal or exceed the QUOTA (BPP) are ranked in order of votes, highest to lowest, and allocated to the number of seats won by the party according to this ranking. www.indonesianmission-eu.org /website/page203812271200309215962923.asp   (3770 words)

The Trinidad Guardian -Online Edition Ver 2.0 Using the party list system with the Hare quota for the allocation of seats in the Senate, the composition of the House of Representatives (36 seats on first-past-the post) and the Senate (31 Senators on the presumption that all Senators were to be appointed based on allocation of seats to parties). Under the party list system of proportional representation with the Hare quota, the total number of valid votes cast in the 1995 general election was 525,326. The quota would have been determined by dividing 594,875 by 31 = 19,190 (to the nearest whole number). www.guardian.co.tt /archives/2004-06-09/sat.html   (728 words)

European Democracies Allocation of seats to parties: The total number of valid votes cast across the whole country is divided by the number of seats to be allocated (31) this produces the electoral quota (Hare). The number of votes cast for each list is divided by the electoral quota and the quotient determines the number of seats initially allocated to that list. These are allocated using the d'Hondt method (the number of votes cast for each party is divided by one more than the number of seats already allocated to it); the averages thus calculated are ranked in descending order and the remaining seats are allocated to the parties accordingly. www.electionsineurope.org /searchDatabase2.asp?country_fk=11&govtLevel_fk=5&langId=1   (545 words)

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