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Topic: Harm reduction

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	Harm reduction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Harm reduction is a philosophy of public health intended to be a progressive alternative to the prohibition of certain lifestyle choices.
		Harm reduction initiatives range from widely accepted designated driver campaigns, to more controversial initiatives like the provision of condoms in schools, safe injection rooms, drug legalization, heroin maintenance programs, and the provision of sterile surgical facilities for female circumcision (also known as female genital mutilation) in order to reduce infections.
		Harm reduction is a flexible philosophy that stresses understanding of the needs of the drug user, and responding to these needs in a flexible and realistic way, working at the pace and to achieve the goals that the person wants.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Harm_reduction (2211 words)

	HARM REDUCTION AND HIV
		Harm reduction is a way of dealing with behavior that damages the health of the person involved and of their community.
		Harm reduction is a public health approach to behaviors that harm individuals and their communities.
		Harm reduction focuses on improving the health of individuals and the public, more than on eliminating harmful behaviors, although that is the ultimate goal.
	www.aids.org /factSheets/155-Harm-Reduction-and-HIV.html (706 words)

	Harm Reduction in Clinical Practice
		Harm reduction is a term best known in the substance abuse field as a way of reforming drug policy.
		Harm reduction takes as its point of departure that few people quit drugs at any given time, and that, therefore, policies have to be in place for reducing the harms experienced by those who continue to use.
		But harm reduction extends beyond the issue of the drinking and drug use in which the the individual is engaging.
	www.peele.net /lib/harm.html (2961 words)

	Harm Reduction Project
		Harm Reduction abandons the pipe dream of a world without drugs and concentrates instead on educating people on how to avoid drugs, how to avoid overdosing on drugs and what to do if someone has overdosed.
		Harm reduction seeks to prevent the harms caused by risk-taking behavior rather than attempting to eliminate that behavior altogether.
		Harm reduction acts on the recognition that risk-taking behavior has persisted despite all efforts to prevent it and will continue to do so.
	www.ihrproject.org (522 words)

	REDUCING HARM: A VERY GOOD IDEA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The paradigm of Harm Reduction is a kindergarten-simple.
		Harm Reduction is the addiction care policy of some cities in the Netherlands and The UK.
		Furthermore, dichotomous requirements actually lead to more harm than health, as the majority of addicted persons are ambivalent about change and keep away from resources, thus making them more vulnerable to the sequelae of their addictions and putting others with whom they come into contact at risk.
	www.habitsmart.com /harm.html (1650 words)

	Harm reduction in Canada - Harm Reduction and Injection Drug Use - Hepatitis C - Health Canada (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Thus, harm reduction is used in a broad sense to refer to any policy or program that aims to reduce drug-related harm (Single, 2001).
		Support for outreach and networking initiatives at all levels to foster and increase harm reduction initiatives, increase access to effective health, social and treatment and rehabilitation services, and enhance social integration and reintegration (e.g., prisoners returning to their communities upon release from a correctional facility).
		Support for harm reduction strategies was found to be positively related to belief in the effectiveness of pharmacological and cognitive-behavioural interventions and working in an outpatient treatment service, and negatively related to belief in interventions based on the disease model.
	www.phac-aspc.gc.ca /hepc/hepatitis_c/pdf/harm_reduction_e/canada.html (4228 words)

	CORK Bibliography: Harm Reduction
		Harm reduction has been conceptualized as a peace movement and is aligned with the humanistic values around which social work is organized.
		The popularity gained by harm reduction strategies since the 1980s may be explained by the fact that these strategies fulfilled the political requirements of the emerging social contract that followed the decline of the welfare state.
		Harm reduction is a paradigm-shifting idea that has the potential to significantly improve the treatment of problem substance users.
	www.projectcork.org /bibliographies/data/Bibliography_HarmReduction.html (16964 words)

	Harm Induction vs Harm Reduction: Comparing American and British Approaches to Drug Use
		A history of the harm reduction model (a model that helps clients control their drinking and drug use) will be presented against the backdrop of the American traditional disease model of addiction.
		Strikingly, the harm reduction formulation, with its accentuation of the positive, stress on the human potential of all persons, in its view of the client as teacher as well as learner in the empowerment emphasis, the non-user of labels and forced dichotomies is entirely congruent with the strengths/empowerment approach.
		Under the harm reduction model, social work intervention would be geared toward community prevention work and early treatment of drug users to monitor their use and life style.
	www.uni.edu /vanworme/drugpolicy.html (5516 words)

	WHO \| Harm Reduction Approaches to Injecting Drug Use (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Successful harm reduction is based on a policy, legislative and social environment that minimizes the vulnerability of injecting drug users.
		Harm reduction for injecting drug users primarily aims to help them avoid the negative health consequences of drug injecting and improve their health and social status.
		To this end, harm reduction approaches recognize that for many drug users total abstinence from psychoactive substances is not a feasible option in the short term, and aim to help drug users reduce their injection frequency and increase injection safety.
	www.who.int /hiv/topics/harm/reduction/en (1541 words)

	UKHRA statement: The definition of harm reduction
		Prioritises goals: harm reduction responses to drug use incorporate the notion of a hierarchy of goals, with the immediate focus on proactively engaging individuals, targetting groups, and communities to address their most compelling needs through the provision of accessible and user friendly services.
		Harm reduction approaches also recognise that, for many, dependent drug use is a long term feature of their lives and that responses to drug use have to accept this.
		However, harm reduction recognises that people’s ability to change behaviours is also influenced by the norms held in common by drug users, the attitudes and views of the wider community Harm reduction interventions may therefore target individuals, communities and the wider society.
	www.ukhra.org /harm_reduction_definition.html (585 words)

	Drug Policy Alliance: Harm Reduction: Options that Work
		In theory, harm reduction is a public health philosophy that seeks to lessen the harms caused by both drug abuse and drug policies.
		In practice, harm reduction means promoting and implementing pragmatic measures that help save the lives of people who use drugs and that reduce the pain of suffering people.
		Harm reduction is the Alliance’s guiding philosophy that yields drug policies grounded in science, compassion, health and human rights.
	www.drugpolicy.org /news/021705harm.cfm (571 words)

	Backgrounder On Harm Reduction
		Harm reduction can be considered both a philosophy or belief system as well as a broad range of concrete practices.
		Harm Reduction is not a new concept nor is it a complicated one – we all engage in behaviors aimed at reducing one type of harm or another (i.e.
		In the course of discussing and implementing harm reduction programming, service providers in abstinence-focused services have come to realize that much of our work is related to helping our clients reduce harm in their lives on issues which are directly and indirectly related to their substance use.
	www.womenfdn.org /Resources/info/harmred.htm (1307 words)

	Network for Good :: Pandemic: Facing AIDS :: Harm Reduction
		The guiding principle of the Alliance is harm reduction, an alternative approach to drug policy and treatment that focuses on minimizing the adverse effects of both drug use and drug prohibition.
		The Harm Reduction Coalition (HRC) is committed to reducing drug-related harm among individuals and communities by initiating and promoting local, regional, and national harm reduction education, interventions, and community organizing.
		Its mission is to diminish the individual and social harms associated with drug use - particularly the risk of HIV infection - through innovative measures based on the philosophy of harm reduction.
	www.networkforgood.org /topics/health/pandemic/harm_reduction.aspx (1012 words)

	Expert Opinion: "Harm Reduction Works" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Harm reduction views people as responsible for their own choices.
		Education is the key to the prevention and minimization of harm related to high-risk alcohol use.
		In this interactive discussion, students raised numerous questions that could easily be addressed within the framework of harm reduction (e.g., How to respond to peer pressure to get drunk, how to help a friend who has overindulged, how males and females respond differently to alcohol, how alcohol affects sexual activity, etc.).
	www2.potsdam.edu /hansondj/ExpertOpinion/HarmReductionWorks.html (1080 words)

	Harm Reduction Policy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Harm reduction is a public health philosophy, which promotes methods of reducing the physical, social, emotional, and economic harms associated with drug and alcohol use and other harmful behaviors on individuals and their community.
		Harm reduction methods and treatment goals are free of judgment or blame and directly involve the client in setting their own goals.
		Service providers are responsible to the wider community for delivering interventions which attempt to reduce the economic, social and physical consequences of drug- and alcohol-related harm and harms associated with other behaviors or practices that put individuals at risk.
	www.dph.sf.ca.us /HarmReduction/HarmReducInfo.htm (280 words)

	MAPS - Volume 6 Number 3 Summer 1996 -
		Harm reductionists hold that drug use is to some degree inevitable, so it is better to mitigate the harmfulness of drugs than to aggravate it through harsh and futile law enforcement efforts.
		Sadly, the reduction of smoking-related harm is viewed as a threat by many anti-drug zealots, insofar as it undermines their rationale for prohibiting drugs in the first place.
		Harm reduction has equally little appeal to those marijuana enthusiasts who naively believe that marijuana, alone of all drugs, is a perfectly harmless herb.
	www.maps.org /news-letters/v06n3/06364mj2.html (1803 words)

	Harm Reduction: A Critical Strategy in AIDS Prevention (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Harm reduction is a critical strategy in AIDS prevention because, in fact, it does reduce the spread of HIV.
		All harm reduction programs give intravenous drug users information about treatment programs and provide counseling for those who indicate they are ready to take this step.
		The funded projects represent some of the best harm reduction programs in the country, and while the implementation of their work varies slightly, they all work directly in the communities they serve, reaching a very poor and underserved population.
	www.publicwelfare.org /publications/publications/harm_reduction.asp (3812 words)

	Common Sense for Drug Policy Presents: Harm Reduction
		Harm reduction is a straightforward, commonsense approach to drugs.
		As defined by the Harm Reduction Coalition, "Harm reduction is a set of practical strategies that reduce negative consequences of drug use, incorporating a spectrum of strategies from safer use, to managed use to abstinence.
		In the TNI webpage on the UN and harm reduction, they point out that "This position taken by Mr Costa under US pressure is in direct conflict with many statements made by other UN agencies on this issue as well with statements made by UNODC representatives or in UNODC documents in the recent past.
	www.csdp.org /news/news/harmreduction.htm (2112 words)

	ADAI Bib: Harm Reduction
		Malinowska-Sempruch K. Harm reduction in prisons is crucial to the reduction of HIV in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union.
		Volition and alcohol-risk reduction: the role of action orientation in the reduction of alcohol-related harm among college student drinkers.
		Schonberg J ; Bourgois P. Photography and harm reduction: The politics of photographic aesthetics : critically documenting the HIV epidemic among heroin injectors in Russia and the United States.
	lib.adai.washington.edu /bibs/pe_240.htm (3123 words)

	Harm reduction
		Harm reduction is a way of working with people suffering from substance use.
		In harm reduction, any treatment goal is valid that helps reduce harm to an individual.
		Research studies have shown that adolescents and college students are "...at elevated risk for problems because of their high alcohol consumption rates" (Harm Reduction, Marlatt, A., 1998, p.
	www.marksehl.com /harm_reduction.html (485 words)

	"Harm Reduction or Harm Maintenance
		I believe this Subcommittee was the first to hold a hearing on measuring the effectiveness of drug treatment programs, and was the first to hold a hearing on the President's Access To Recovery initiative, which seeks to increase and enhance the availability of drug treatment in the United States.
		Now, what if we were to apply that same test to that of "harm reduction?" It wouldn't even be close - "harm reduction" does not have the goal of getting people off of drugs.
		Some of these "harm reduction" programs, I must add with embarrassment and with apology to the gentlemen of the first panel, are financed by the United States Agency for International Development, the federal government's foreign aid agency.
	www.dpna.org /resources/current/02-16-5c.htm (831 words)

	Philosophy and Vision
		In its barest sense, harm reduction is a pragmatic approach to dealing with societal drug use.
		While abstention is the only way to avoid all the harms associated with drug use, harm reduction programs provide non-abstentionist health and safety information under the recognition that many people are going to choose to experiment with drugs despite all the risks involved.
		Harm reduction information and services help people use as safely as possible as long as they continue to use.
	www.dancesafe.org /philosophyandvision.html (537 words)

	EMCDDA \| Harm reduction
		The European Union Drugs Strategy (2005-2012) addresses the reduction of drug-related harms to health and society as a main objective and encourages national action that gives emphasis to the reduction of infectious diseases and drug-related deaths.
		The project aims to improve the information basis on the level of implementation of evidence based harm reduction measures in the EU Member States and Norway by monitoring national strategies and responses, analysing available evidence and documenting evidence based projects to support the transfer of expertise across Europe.
		A review of the current 'state of the art' of harm reduction data collection was carried out in September 2005 during a special Reitox Academy meeting on harm reduction data and reporting.
	www.emcdda.eu.int /index.cfm?fuseaction=public.Content&nNodeID=4823 (396 words)

	Harm Reduction; Psychotherapy and Training Associates, substance abuse counseling and psychotherapy local and nationwide
		Harm Reduction; Psychotherapy and Training Associates, substance abuse counseling and psychotherapy local and nationwide
		is an alternative treatment approach which views the reduction of harm as a legitimate goal for substance users.
		In harm reduction treatment, any treatment goal is valid that helps reduce harm to an individual.
	www.harmreductioncounseling.com (219 words)

	About The Harm Reduction Training Institute (HRTI)
		The purpose of HRTI is to increase understanding of the harm reduction philosophy; build the skills necessary to implement harm reduction strategies; strengthen harm reduction leadership across a diversity of disciplines and communities; and develop an awareness of the attitudes that contribute to discrimination against drug users and other marginalized groups.
		The Harm Reduction Coalition (HRC) is a nonprofit organization committed to improving the health and well-being of drug users and communities affected by drug-related harm.
		HRC promotes effective harm reduction services and policies at the national, regional and local levels, through education and training; community organizing; policy advocacy; and publications including a quarterly newsletter.
	harmreduction.org /hrti (336 words)

	Amazon.com: Harm Reduction: Pragmatic Strategies for Managing High-Risk Behaviors: Books: G. Alan Marlatt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		"Harm Reduction is one of the most important publications in the addictions field in the past quarter-century.
		According to the harm reduction philosophy, abstinence is one end of a continuum of human behavior, and is not something that can be attained overnight by those most in need of help.
		As a professional working in this field, I find the book to be a welcome and thought-provoking summary of the various principles of the harm reduction model, and the basis of a reworking of outdated programs based on "one slip and you're out." Plenty of research data is provided to replace ideology with reality.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/1572308257?v=glance (1308 words)

	Harm Reduction through Regulation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The simple idea of harm reduction is to do whatever works best, measured by the total amount of harm as its outcome.
		This approach, called "harm reduction", does not simply try to reduce drug availability at all costs but also considers the damage done by drug law enforcement and any responses to it by the drug users and sellers.
		Total prohibition of virtually all drugs other than alcohol and tobacco is not the least harmful drug policy because it ignores the individual properties of each legal or illegal drug, the frequency at which they are used and the damage done by enforcement.
	www.taima.org /en/harm.htm (2990 words)

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