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Topic: Harmine

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Banisteriopsis caapi

Alkaloid

	Erowid Online Books : "TIHKAL" - #14 HARMINE
		There is a strange overlap between the chemistry of harmine and that of a botched synthesis of a meperidine analogue.
		Harmine can serve as a treatment for Parkinson's disease, and a dimethylated harmine can be a potential causative agent for Parkinson's disease.
		In measured experiments, the use of harmine in the 140 to 190 milligram range, administered with 35 to 40 milligrams DMT, produced unmistakable effects lasting from one to three hours.
	www.erowid.org /library/books_online/tihkal/tihkal14.shtml (1380 words)

	Harmala alkaloid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Harmala alkaloid "Harmine", also known as Telepathine and Banisterine, is a naturally occurring beta-carboline alkaloid that is structurally related to harmaline.
		Harmine and harmaline are reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors.
		Some harmala alkaloids, particularly harmine and harmaline, are found in the seeds of the Middle Eastern plant Harmal (Peganum harmala, from which the name derives), commonly known as Syrian Rue.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Harmala (504 words)

	Entrez-PubMed
		Harmine, harmaline, and tetrahydroharmine (THH), the three main beta-carbolines present in ayahuasca, and harmol and harmalol (O-demethylation metabolites of harmine and harmaline, respectively) were measured in plasma by means of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection.
		The LOQ was 0.5 ng/ml for harmine, 0.3 ng/ml for harmaline, 1.0 ng/ml for THH, and 0.3 ng/ml for harmol and harmalol.
		Harmine and the B. caapi extract produced similar effects in the FOB, particularly in the open field.
	mv.lycaeum.org /mu/DMT_medline_01.html (9041 words)

	[No title]
		Similarly, harmine and harmaline, major constituents of the harmala alkaloid, lowered the body temperature.
		Methysergide (2 mg/kg), a 5-HT antagonist, significantly attenuated the hypothermia induced by harmala alkaloids.
		Tests were conducted with mice to detect whether gamma-harmine (a new compound), harmine, harmol (IV) and harmalol (V) are effective radioprotective compounds against gamma-ray irradiation.
	www.swsbm.com /Abstracts/Peganum-AB.txt (931 words)

	[No title]
		To the combined liquors, sodium chloride (100 g., liter of liquid) is added to transform the acetates of harmine and harmaline into the hydrochlorides which are insoluble in cold sodium chloride solutions and are precipitated during cooling.
		The separation of harmaline from harmine is based on the fact that when a warm aqueous solution of the hydrochlorides is alkalinized with ammonia, harmaline is liberated only after the decomposition of harmine hydrochloride is complete.
		The addition of ammonia, therefore, is stopped as soon as crystals of harmaline are detected, the harmine is filtered off and the harmaline recovered from the filtrate by the addition of ammonia, The bases are then further purified by recrystallization of their hydrochlorides.
	diseyes.lycaeum.org /dmt/harmpmp.txt (1774 words)

	Contribution of Individual Cytochrome P450 Isozymes to the O-Demethylation of the Psychotropic beta -Carboline ...
		for polymorphic CYP2D6 in the pharmacology and toxicology of harmine
		The excitation and emission of the fluorescence detector were set at 250 and 480 nm, respectively, for analysis of harmaline reactions, and at 350 and 490 nm, respectively, for harmine reactions.
		Tweedie DJ and Burke MD (1987) Metabolism of the beta-carbolines, harmine and harmol, by liver microsomes from phenobarbitone- or 3-methylcholanthrene-treated mice.
	jpet.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/305/1/315 (4794 words)

	Maremma Laziale Tourist Board
		Lungomare Harmine, 6 01014 Marina di Montalto (VT)
		Lungomare Harmine, 42 01014 Marina di Montalto (VT)
		Lungomare Harmine, 36 01014 Marina di Montalto (VT)
	www.maremmalaziale.it /english/beach_lidos.htm (200 words)

	Future Hi :: View topic - Ayahuasca tea
		The beta-carbolines (harmine, harmaline, and tetrahydroharmine) are obtained from the ayahuasca vine (Banisteriopsis caapi).
		Harmine and harmaline are visionary at near toxic levels, but at modest dosage typically produce mainly tranquility and purgation.
		The harmala alkaloids in ayahuasca, primarily harmine and tetrahydroharmine, reversibly inhibit the neuronal enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO).
	www.futurehi.net /forums/viewtopic.php?p=632&sid=3bf444a9201b8ef3e67fe5bfee0b349d (3646 words)

	Pharmahuasca - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Usually, these combinations are made from extracted psychoactives (such as DMT from Mimosa hostilis) and synthetic MAOIs.
		Pharmahuasca contains a psychoactive phenethylamine, such as mescaline, or a psychoactive alkaloid such as DMT or psilocybin, combined with an MAOI, which enhances the effect (indeed in traditional ayahuasca, the MAOIs harmine and harmaline initiate the hallucinogenic effects).
		Traditional Ayahuasca is made by brewing the MAOI-containing Banisteriopsis caapi vine with a DMT containing plant, such as Psychotria viridis.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pharmahuasca (133 words)

	Entheology.org - Preserving Ancient Knowledge
		Harmine hydrochloride dihydrate and harmaline hydrochloride dihydrate were obtained from Acros Organics of Geel, Belgium.
		Previous research with 5-MeO-DMT and beta-carbolines, which will be reported forthwith (Ott In press), had established that even minuscule doses of harmine and harmaline effectively doubled the intranasal potency of this tryptamine, with as little as 3.7mg (0.05 mg/kg) halving the visionary threshold dose.
		There are various reports of oral ingestion of Anadenanthera seeds, whether as a simple masticatory or as an additive to alcoholic chichas, ranging from the Peruvian montaña to central Argentina, and from the epoch of the conquest to the twentieth century.
	www.entheology.org /edoto/anmviewer.asp?a=9&z=8 (4734 words)

	Class IV Indole Alkaloids (mol files) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Harmine is a beta carboline, formed by the Mannich-type reaction of tryptamine with a carbonyl carbon (in this case a keto acid).
		Harmine acts as a monamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI).
		This was taken advantage of in South America when the ayahuasca brew was made, combining plants which produced harmine or harmaline type beta-carboline alkaloids with plants producing the simple orally inactive tryptamines, DMT and 5-MeO-DMT.
	users.lycaeum.org /~desoxy/indolemolsclassiv.html (460 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		ISOLATION OF HARMINE AND HARMALINE "The crushed seeds of Peganum Harmala are covered with three times their weight of water containing 30 g of acetic acid per liter of water [white vinegar is about 50g / l or 5 %].
		Addition of sodium chloride to the filtered solution causes the precipitation of the hydrochlorides as a crystalline mush and this process is repeated until the hydrochlorides have acquired a yellow color (for the purposes of this newsgroup, once is enough).
		Pierre St Hilaire MIT Media Lab P.S. While this procedure is legal in the U.S. (where harmine and harmaline are currently unscheduled), it is illegal in Canada where harmine and harmaline are Schedule I. These are extremely potent alkaloids.
	paranoia.lycaeum.org /psychedelics/betacarbolines/harmala.info (299 words)

	Toxicity of Peganum harmala (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Harmaline is almost twice as toxic as harmine and in moderate doses causes tremors and clonic convulsions but with no increase in spinal reflex excitability [6].
		Pharmacologically, harmine resembles harmaline in its actions but is less toxic.
		Intravenous injection of harmine and harmaline (9 mg/kg) into cattle have shown toxic effects such as accelerated breathing and pulse and clonic muscular spasms [9].
	ijpt.iums.ac.ir /v1n1/mahmoudian.htm (2145 words)

	An In Vitro Evaluation of Human DNA Topoisomerase I Inhibition by Peganum harmala L. Seeds Extract and Its β ...
		Methods: Harmine and harmaline contents of the extract were determined using an HPTLC method.
		In HPTLC analysis, harmine and harmaline were separated from each other with Rf values of 0.66 and 0.21 respectively (Figure 1).
		In that case, the planar ring system in harmine and harmane, which is absent in harmaline (Figure 5), may explain their much greater topoisomerase I inhibitory effects.
	www.ualberta.ca /~csps/JPPS5(1)/M.Mahmoudian/peganum.htm (2996 words)

	$8 Syrian Rue and Peganum Haramala seeds
		Seeds and roots contain b-carboline alkaloids, mostly harmine, as well as harmaline, harmalol, harman, peganine, isopeganine, dipegene, vasicinone and deoxyvasicinone.
		Egyptian studies found that extract is markedly fungicidal and bactericidal, due to harmine mostly.
		Reported to be used as an incense and spice, and to used as abortificant, narcotic, aphrodisiac, stimulant, sedative, emmanagogue, emetic, vermifuge, soporific.
	www.ethnobotanysource.com /syrian_rue_perganum_harmala.htm (132 words)

	[No title]
		Recreational drug users around the world are using mainly harmine and harmaline despite the lack of scientific studies on their effects on humans.
		Peganum harmala (Syrian rue) seeds are the most concentrated natural source of harmine and harmaline - about 3% of their weight consists of these alkaloids.
		Harmine and harmaline are hallucinogenic on their own with doses starting from around 300 mg (Naranjo 1967).
	paranoia.lycaeum.org /psychedelics/tryptamines/FAQ-Tryptamines (3521 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In its hydrochloride form harmine may be snuffed (20-200 mg).
		Effects: Harmine and related alkaloids are serotonin antagonists, hallucinogens, CNS stimulants, and short)term MAO inhibitors (100 x MAO inhibition of iproniazid but lasting only several hours).
		The equivalent of 100 mg harmine is 50 mg harmaline, 35 mg tetrahydraharman, 25 mg harmalol or harmol, 4 mg methoxyharmalan.
	www.drugsbase.com /artikel.asp?artikel=1097&admin= (273 words)

	[No title]
		Ayahuasca is a psychotropic plant tea derived from the stems of the malpighiaceous vine Banisteriopsis caapi alone or in combination with the leaves of rubiaceae (Psychotria viridis) or malpighiaceae (Diplopterys cabrerana).
		Ayahuasca is used by shamans throughout the Amazon Basin as a medicine, in magico-religious practices, and in rites of passage.
		The subjects received a placebo on day 1, followed by a single dose of one of three treatments (placebo, a low dose of ayahuasca, or a high dose of ayahuasca) on days 2 to 4 in a double-blind fashion.
	www.herbalgram.org /youngliving/herbclip/review.asp?i=43712 (755 words)

	Grave Family History: Sixth Generation (Site not responding. Last check: )
		He married Harmine Jurgens SAATHOFF in Germany, March 10, 1934.
		(Harmine Jurgens SAATHOFF is #925.) Harmine was born in Germany May 24, 1902.
		Harmine is the daughter of Jurgen Harms SAATHOFF and Antje Otten DEVRIES.
	www.angelfire.com /ia/wizard15/I0000924.HTM (67 words)

	fUSION Anomaly. Electron Spin Resonance
		Since harmine complexes are merely further down the same bio-synthetic pathway that converts tryptophane into psilocybin, it is possible to consider the ESR tone of the psilocybin as a harmonic overtone of harmine and vice versa.
		What the ESR tone of the psilocybin is heard via tryptamine antenna, it will strike a harmonic tone in the harmine complexes being metabolized within the system, causing its ESR to begin to resonate at a higher level.
		A molecule that is higher dimensional matter would, by this theory, be stable as long as it remains in a superconducting configuration, probably forever, since it is powered by its own ESR energy.
	fusionanomaly.net /esr.html (1068 words)

	Alkemists Pharmaceuticals – Natural Product Consulting, Quality Control, Phytochemistry
		Standards: Harmine, obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO), 0.00155 g in 10 ml CH3OH, to yield 155 ng/µl; Salvinorin A, contributed by Ethnobotanical Research Institute, et al., 0.00170 g in 10 ml EtOH, to yield 170 ng/µl and 0.00107 g in acetone, to yield 107 ng/µl.
		Quantitative analysis was performed by measuring the absorbance reflectance of the analyte bands at a wavelength of 320 nm for harmine (figures 11 and 12) and 525 nm for salvinorin A (figures 15, 16, 17 and 18).
		Densitograms in Figures 11, 16 and 18 show that the peaks of harmine in B. caapi and salvinorin A in S. divinorum could be well separated and quantified.
	www.alkemist.com /analytical_services/research.htm (1255 words)

	Fresh viable Asian Syrian Rue seeds commonly known as Perganum harmala seeds. Quality items like this are why we are ...
		Most popular is the fact that the syrian rue seed is also a MAO inhibitor it also carries a high content of harmine and harmaline.
		It's seeds have been employed as a spice, and its fruits are the source of a red dye and an oil.
		The esteem in which the peoples of Asia hold the plant is so extraordinary that it might indicate a former religious use as an hallucinogen, but the purposeful use of the plant to induce visions has not yet been established through the literature or field work.
	www.salvialight.com /new/syrian_rue_perganum_harmala_seeds_maoi.htm (258 words)

	Mycotopian Web Board: Ayahuasca: hcl/muriatic acid extraction (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Harmine is also shorter acting than harmaline, which means you have to take much more of it over time for multiple doses, whereas harmaline can be effective for 5-6 hours.
		Harmine sources such as cappi are also relatively expensive and can be more difficult to brew.
		as to the oxidation of harmaline to harmine...
	www.mycotopia.net /discus/messages/5/18.html (16629 words)

	Psychoactive Herbs - Articles - Scientific Data/News - psychoactiveherbs.com Scientific Investigation of Ayahuasca
		The Cmax for harmine and harmaline was 114.8 and 6.3 ng/ml, respectively, and time of maximum concentration (Tmax) was 102 and 145 minutes, respectively.
		THH is a poor MAOI compared to harmine (EC50= 1.4 x 10-5 M vs 8 x 10-8 M for harmine), and while the plasma levels for harmine are well above the EC50 values, those for THH are well below the EC50 value for this compound as an MAOI.
		Earlier in this century, harmine, then known as banisterine, was investigated for its potential utility in the treatment of postencephalitic parkinsonism (Sanchez-Ramos, 1991).
	psychoactiveherbs.com /catalog/article_info.php?articles_id=9 (7457 words)

	Ayahuasca, Yage and Harmaline
		Harmaline is about twice as toxic as harmine in most lab animals; the half-lethal dose (half the animals die) of harmine in dogs and mice is about 200 mg./kg.
		harmine is "50 mg harmaline, 35 mg tetrahydraharman, 25 mg harmolol or harmol, and 4 mg methoxyharmalan."
		When Naranjo gave harmaline and harmine in psychotherapeutic situations to city dwellers (people who had never been in the jungle), he observed that much of the imagery that was aroused had to do with snakes, panthers, jaguars and other large felines.
	www.biopark.org /peru/Ayaharmaline.html (7558 words)

	tryptamines: maois
		Reversible MAOIs, such as moclobemide, which is used as an antidepressant, and the beta-carbolines harmine and harmaline, are effective for much shorter time, maybe up to 24 hours.
		Banisteriopsis caapi has been found to contain from 0.18% to 1.36% beta-carbolines, with the concentration of harmine being from 0.057% to 0.635% (McKenna et al [1984]).
		Harmine and harmaline are hallucinogenic on their own with doses starting from around 300 mg (Naranjo [1967]), but often cause physical side-effects such as nausea and tremors in this dose range.
	bluezoo.org /tryptamines/maoi.html (2014 words)

	YAGE (Site not responding. Last check: )
		and fresh caapi is not available pure harmine can be snorted in the form of harmine hydrochloride.
		Pure 'harmine produces sensations and effects similar to those of mescaline, along with an inebriated buzz.
		Moreover, since harmine and related alkaloids are MAO inhibitors, combination with the wrong things can result in headache, heart trouble, or death.
	www.drugtext.org /library/books/recreationaldrugs/yage.htm (498 words)

	MindVox : Ibogaine : Welcome To The Jungle
		Scientific study of the South American shamanic potion ayahuasca commenced in the mid-19th century, and by 1970 had clarified its botany and chemistry.
		In I993 I published the first rigorous and comprehensive bioassays of PHARMAHUASCA - pure harmine in combination with pure DMT, showing conclusively that amounts typically found in the potions (average of 175mg harmine-alkaloids plus 29mg DMT) indeed provoked visionary DMT-activity orally, and neatly accounted for the ethnopharmacognosy of these particular potions.
		Only via human bioassays (which, ethically, must be self-experiments) can we hope to understand shamanic inebriant pharmacology, and optimize it for adaptation to non-traditional use, whether therapeutic or ludible.
	ibogaine.mindvox.com /Articles/JO-AppliedPsychonautics.htm (595 words)

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