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Topic: Harmonic series (music)

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	Harmonic series (music) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pitched musical instruments are usually based on a harmonic oscillator such as a string or a column of air.
		The harmonic series is an arithmetic series (2×f, 3×f, 4×f, 5×f,...).
		Rather than perceiving the individual harmonics of a musical tone, we perceive them together as a tone color or timbre, and we hear the overall pitch as the fundamental of the harmonic series being experienced.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Harmonic_series_(music) (0 words)

	Harmonic series (music): Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com - All about Harmonic series (music) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Pitched musical instruments are usually based on some sort of harmonic oscillator, for example a string or a column of air, which can oscillate at a number of frequencies.
		The second harmonic (or first overtone) is twice the frequency of the fundamental, which makes it an octave higher.
		On most wind instruments, for example the saxophone, oboe, or bassoon, there is an octave key which opens a small hole in the tube, prompting the instrument to oscillate at the second harmonic and giving the second octave of the instrument.
	www.encyclopedian.com /ha/Harmonic-series-(music).html (0 words)

	Harmonic
		In acoustics and telecommunication, the harmonic of a wave is a component frequency of the signal that is an integral multiple of the fundamental frequency.
		It is the amplitude and placement of harmonics and partials which give different instruments different timbre (despite not usually being detected separately by the untrained human ear), and the separate trajectories of the overtones of two instruments playing in unison is what allows one to perceive them as separate.
		Harmonics may be used to check at a unison the tuning of strings which are not tuned to the unison.
	www.mp3.fm /Harmonic.htm (0 words)

	Harmonic series (mathematics) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		See harmonic series (music) for the (related) musical concept.
		In mathematics, the harmonic series is the infinite series
		This is a consequence of the Taylor series of the natural logarithm.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Harmonic_series_(mathematics) (0 words)

	Harmonic Series (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Notice that the fourth harmonic is also twice the frequency of the second harmonic, and the sixth harmonic is also twice the frequency of the third harmonic.
		The fifth and tenth harmonics; the sixth and twelfth harmonics; the seventh and fourteenth harmonics; and the eighth and sixteenth harmonics
		The thinner, quieter sound of the harmonics is caused by the fact that much of the harmonic series is missing from the sound, which will of course be heard in the timbre.
	cnx.rice.edu /content/m11118/latest (0 words)

	BAIN: The Harmonic Series (Overtone Series)
		For example, the series of frequencies 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, etc., given in Hertz (Hz.), is a harmonic series; so is the series 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000, etc. Notice that the difference between adjacent members of both series is constant, that is to say, the harmonics are equally-spaced.
		So that rather than perceiving the many individual harmonics of a musical tone, we ordinarily perceive an identifiable tone color, or timbre, whose pitch is associated with the fundamental of the harmonic series being experienced.
		Most musical instruments produce waveforms that have been found to be periodic or quasi-periodic, meaning that a basic waveshape is repeated over-and-over throughout the course of the tone.
	www.music.sc.edu /fs/bain/atmi02/hs/index-audio.html (0 words)

	Harmonic series (music) - InfoSearchPoint.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In just intonation all notes are exact in regards to the harmonic series, and all intervals are based on ratios of the lower integers.
		Harmony in Western music, especially the major chord, is based on the lower pitches of the overtone series.
		The amplitude and placement of different partials determine the timbre of different instruments, and among a number of psychoacoustic factors, the separate envelopes of the partials two instruments playing in unison is what allows one to perceive them as separate.
	www.infosearchpoint.com /display/Harmonic_series_(music) (0 words)

	Harmonic series (music) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An illustration of the harmonic series as musical notation.
		(Because physical characteristics of musical instruments cause significant variations from these theoretical values, they should not be used for tuning without adjusting for those variations.)
		For example, if C3 and G3 are sounding together, their harmonic series intersect at G4 (2nd of G3, 3rd of C3) and G5 (4th of G3, 6th of C3).
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Harmonic_series_(music) (0 words)

	[No title]
		A music theorist perusing the cutting-edge scientific literature on musical acoustics between 1900 and 1940 would have "learned" that the harmonic series is=20 fundamental to an understanding of music and=20 would have "learned" that the harmonic series is=20 fundamental to an understanding of music and=20 acoustics.
		The fact that the harmonic series was used to analyze music primarily because it it had the simplest and most straightforward mathematics=20 never seemed to occur to anyone--with a few lone exceptions.
		Harmonic 12 was deliberately left out because it's 3 octaves plus a perfect fifth, and since the perfect fifth is 1/170 of an octave off from the harmonic-series value in 19-tone equal temperament, Yasser proscribed the use of that 19-tone interval.
	www.microtonal.freeservers.com /post179.html (0 words)

	A Tour Up The Harmonic Series
		By definition, the harmonic series is that sequence of frequencies which is all whole-number multiples of any particular fundamental frequency (see Figure (GIF) or EPS version).
		For example, the ratio 7/5 is the interval from the fifth harmonic to the seventh.
		The harmonic series occurs naturally in a variety of physical situations, but the most accessible example is that of a stretched string.
	www.redshift.com /~dcanright/harmser (0 words)

	The Harmonic Series
		Harmonics are generated (produced) by a fundamental sound wave that divides its length into smaller vibrating sections (which sound higher and softer).
		The octave is the lowest interval in the harmonic series and enjoys its unique and characteristic sound quality because of the distance between the fundamental tone and the first overtone of the harmonic series.
		Sound "quality" is determined by the harmonic profile or sound signature as a direct result of the specific pattern of intensity of individual components of the harmonic series of the sound source.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Arts/music/elements/generalities/harmonic/harmonic.htm (0 words)

	SchenkerGUIDE: Harmonic Series (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This is the series of harmonics (or overtones, or partials) that resonate when you play a given note.
		Schenker argues that the harmonic series shows that the rising fifth is the basic motion of tonal music.
		The rising fifth in the harmonic series is the reason that our key system is best understood in terms of what is called the circle of fifths.
	www.schenkerguide.com /harmony2.html (0 words)

	Keith Prater Online Music School
		As I have mentioned before, musical sounds are caused by vibrations of objects or surfaces that vibrate air that, in turn, vibrates your eardrum.
		There is an ideal harmonic series that music theorists use as a baseline for discussing harmonic construction.
		Essentially, the frequencies of the partials of this series are all multiples of the frequency of the first partial.
	www25.brinkster.com /musicschool/course1/lesson16.html (0 words)

	How harmonic are harmonics? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The two effects are related: when the series is harmonic, we hear a clear pitch, when it is far from harmonic, we usually do not hear a clear pitch, and the sound is more like that of a percussion instrument.
		The harmonic series is special because any combination of its vibrations produces a periodic or repeated vibration at the fundamental frequency f.
		The pipes of musical instruments are complicated by departures from cylindrical or conical shape (valves and tone holes).
	www.phys.unsw.edu.au /~jw/harmonics.html (0 words)

	Tuning Systems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		And every musical note you hear is not a single pure frequency, but is actually a blend of the pitches of a harmonic series.
		A harmonic series can start on any note, so there are many harmonic series, but all of them have the same set of intervals and the same frequency ratios.
		In medieval music, the third was considered a dissonance and was used sparingly (actually, when you're using Pythagorean tuning, it really is a dissonance), but modern harmonies are built on thirds (see Triads).
	cnx.rice.edu /content/m11639/latest (0 words)

	Dilettante's Dictionary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A harmonic is the same as a partial where the partials exhibit the property that the overtones are mathematical multiples of the fundamental frequency.
		See harmonic series, Appendix C. harmonic distortion : The onset of harmonic distortion is the displacement of energy from a single frequency to its harmonics.
		The presence of harmonic frequencies added to an output signal by an electrical circuit or speaker, generally undesirable, caused by the system not being perfectly linear, such as when an amplifier is operated in a nonlinear portion of its transfer curve.
	www.dilettantesdictionary.com /index.php?let=h (0 words)

	Valve sound - RecipeFacts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The valve sound or tube sound is the sound often associated with music amplified by a valve amplifier, although this association is not strict.
		Second harmonic distortion (multiplication of the original frequencies by 2) is musically equivalent to adding the same tone one octave higher, to form.
		The resulting distortion is therefore dominated by odd-order harmonics (multiplication of the original frequencies by 3, 5, 7,...) which some find "harsh", etc. Transistor amplifiers made during the 1980s typically also had extremely high open-loop gain, but poor open-loop linearity, and relied on large amounts of negative feedback (NFB), to linearise the devices.
	www.recipeland.com /encyclopaedia/index.php/Valve_sound (0 words)

	Music Theory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Harmonic are produced because a string or column of air vibrates not just along its entire length, but also along fractions of that length.
		The first division (half the original string length and twice the original frequency) produces the first interval of the harmonic series which is the octave.
		The second harmonic of the series (a third of the original length) is the fifth.
	www.digital-daydreams.com /theory/show_theory.php?id=9 (0 words)

	BAIN: The Overtone/Harmonic Series
		Though this traditional way of notating the harmonic series is obviously less precise at conveying frequency than the mathematical sequence notation used above, it does provide a convenient way for musicians to memorize the series as a kind-of chord/scale of nature.
		It is definately worth the time for musicians to memorize the harmonic series on C2 up to the sixteenth partial.
		The 19th-Century physicist Herman von Helmholtz proposed a theory of consonance and dissonance based on the harmonic series, beating and roughness.
	www.music.sc.edu /fs/bain/atmi98/examples/os (0 words)

	Harmonic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		the term "harmonic" is a noun used to describe an overtone or partial whose frequency is an integer multiple of the fundamental frequency
		The diagram illustrates a fundamental frequency and the first five harmonics with frequency ratios of 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1 and 6:1 in relation to the fundamental frequency.
		There are interesting historical relationships between the musical and acoustical meanings of these words stemming from the ideas of Pythagorous and his discovery of the properties of the harmonic series and the relationship of sound, music, number, and nature.
	www.sfu.ca /sca/Manuals/ZAAPf/h/harmonic.html (0 words)

	Cynthia Cathcart: Harmonic Series
		The harmonic series is generated by principles of acoustical physics and is not bound by our preferences for modern equal temperament tuning.
		Three of the Harmonics in the series are not in any of the tuning systems we ordinarily use.
		Below is the harmonic series again, this time built on a different note than C. It is presented here because it is important that it be understood that every note has its own harmonic series.
	www.cynthiacathcart.net /partials.html (0 words)

	Wikinfo \| Harmonic series (music)
		This is the note created from normal bowing of a stringed instrument or from the lowest octave of a woodwind instrument.
		Some harmonics correspond very nearly to named pitches; others, for example the 7th harmonic, are signifigantly off from the equal tempered tones.
		Images, some of which are used under the doctrine of Fair use or used with permission, may not be available.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Harmonic_series_(music) (0 words)

	[No title]
		Riemann pointed out that the minor triad is generated by inverting harmonics 4, 5, 6 to produce 1/4, 1/5, 1/6, which when multiplied by the lowest common denominator yield overtone series members 10, 12, 15.
		Babbitt's bizarre fixation on the harmonic overtone series to the utter exclusion of the subharmonic series reveals both his shallowness as a theorist and his pervasive ignorance.
		Because members of the harmonic series cannot be characterized according to the limited criteria of 12-tet tuning, Babbitt concludes that the harmonic series is neither "consonant" nor "dissonant" and thus is not musically useful.
	www.microtonal.freeservers.com /post188.html (0 words)

	Bugle (instrument) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		All pitch control is done by varying the player's embouchure, since the bugle has no other mechanism for controlling pitch.
		Consequently, the bugle is limited to notes within the harmonic series.
		The bugle is used mainly in the military and in drum and bugle corps, where the bugle has evolved away from its military origins, growing valves.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bugle_%28instrument%29 (0 words)

	Rafael Toral - Harmonic Series 2: Reviews, Track Listing, Audio Clips, and more \|\|\| Music.com
		This Japanese-only release is the follow-up to Toral's 2003 Table of the Elements LP Harmonic Series 0 (what happened to number one, the story doesn't say), the first installment in a series of recordings and performances documenting the Portuguese guitarist's trade-in of his analog devices for a computer.
		The heart and soul of Harmonic Series 2 [+] consists of computer generated sine waves.
		Listeners with an acute allergy to Sachiko M [+]'s music should not click the "back" button too quickly, as Toral's approach is a hundred times warmer, gentler and inviting.
	music.com /release/harmonic_series_2/1 (0 words)

	Math Forum - Ask Dr. Math (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		"Fractal music is a result of a recursive process where an algorithm is applied multiple times to process its previous output.
		In wider perspective all musical forms, both in micro and macro level can be modelled with this process.
		It's called "well-tempered tuning." A series of numbers in which each one is bigger (or smaller) than the last by a constant factor is called a "harmonic series," precisely because such series were first studied in the context of music.
	mathforum.org /library/drmath/view/52537.html (666 words)

	harmonic series - arithmetic proportions of musical frequency ratios
		The proportions expressed as an arithmetic series beginning with 1 and increasing incrementally, theoretically, into infinity.
		For example, a typical musical sound will have an overtone series in which the 1st (fundamental), 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th partials can be discerned.
		Because standard Euro-centric harmonic practice has tended to emphasize or follow the types of intervallic structures embedded in the lower parts of the harmonic series, it has often been assumed as a paradigm or template for harmony.
	tonalsoft.com /enc/h/harmonic-series.aspx (0 words)

	math lessons - Piano acoustics
		Every piano string, when struck, vibrates both at its own natural pitch (called the fundamental frequency), and many overtones, each--as a rough approximation--at a pitch which is a multiple of the fundamental.
		The lowest overtone is one octave above the fundamental (twice the pitch of the fundamental), the next overtone an octave and a fifth (3 times the fundamental), the next two octaves (4), the next two octaves and a third (5), and so on (see Harmonic series (music)).
		Since the overtones match other notes on the piano--closely related notes in the theory of musical harmony --the strings vibrate sympathetically with one another whenever they are not covered by their dampers.
	www.mathdaily.com /lessons/Piano_acoustics (0 words)

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