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Topic: Harold Godwinson

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Harold II of England

Godwin, Earl of Wessex

Edward the Confessor

Tostig Godwinson

1066

Edith of Wessex

Harold Harefoot

Harold II

William I of England

Edgar Atheling

Waltham Abbey

William the Conqueror

Battle of Stamford Bridge

Harald III of Norway

Battle of Hastings

	Harold Godwinsson - Cunnan
		Harold sought glory in a series of campaigns, between 1062 and 1063 against the ruler of Gwynedd in Wales, Gruffydd ap Llywelyn, who had conquered all of Wales; this conflict ended with Gruffydd's defeat (and death at the hands of his own troops) in 1063.
		Harold's wife, Edith of the Swan-neck, was called to identify the body, which she did by some private mark (the face being destroyed) known only to herself.
		Harold did have one lasting effect on history: his illegitimate daughter, Gytha of Wessex, married Vladimir Monomakh, the Grand Duke of the Kievan Rus', and is ancestor to several Russian rulers.
	cunnan.sca.org.au /wiki/Harold_Godwinson (869 words)

	Harold Godwinson - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Harold's mistress, Edith Swanneck, was called to identify the body (the face being destroyed), which she did by some private mark known only to herself.
		Harold's strong association with Bosham and the discovery of a Saxon coffin in the church in the 1950s has led some to speculate that King Harold was buried here.
		Harold's illegitimate daughter Gytha of Wessex married Vladimir Monomakh Grand Duke (Velikii Kniaz) of Kievan Rus' and is ancestor to dynasties of Galicia, Smolensk and Yaroslavl, whose scions include Modest Mussorgsky and Peter Kropotkin.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Harold_Godwinson (1599 words)

	Harold Godwinson Summary
		Harold's brief reign was one of frantic activity in defense of England against invasion both by William and by Harald Hardrada, King of Norway.
		Harold's strong association with Bosham and the discovery of a Saxon coffin in the church in the 1950s has led some to speculate that King Harold was buried here.
		Harold's illegitimate daughter Gytha of Wessex married Vladimir Monomakh Grand Duke (Velikii Kniaz) of Kievan Rus' and is ancestor to dynasties of Galicia, Smolensk and Yaroslavl, whose scions include Modest Mussorgsky and Peter Kropotkin.
	www.bookrags.com /Harold_Godwinson (2243 words)

	Harold Godwinson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Harold Godwinson was the second son of Godwin, Earl of Wessex.
		Harold was married 'more Danico' (unrecognized by the church) to Eadgyth Swanneshals (Edith Swanneck), before his second marriage in 1065 to Ealdgyth (Alditha), the sister of Edwin and Morcar and widow of Gruffudd, king of Wales.
		Harold was King of England from January 1066 until his fall at the Battle of Senlac on October 14 1066.
	homepages.ihug.co.nz /~battle/text/people/harold.htm (166 words)

	Harold I (of England) - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Harold Godwinson, or Harold II of England (c.
		Harold of Wessex, as king of England, led the English army into battle against William the Conqueror...
		Harold of Wessex, as king of England, led the English army into battle against William the...
	encarta.msn.com /Harold_I_(of_England).html (145 words)

	BBC - History - Harold II (Godwinson) (c.1020 - 1066)
		Harold was the last Anglo-Saxon king of England and was killed by William, Duke of Normandy at the Battle of Hastings.
		Harold was born in the early 1020s, the son of Godwin, Earl of Wessex.
		In 1064 Harold was shipwrecked on the coast of Normandy.
	www.bbc.co.uk /history/historic_figures/harold_ii_godwinson.shtml (268 words)

	Monarchy - Harold II Godwinson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The last Anglo-Saxon king of England, Harold – son of the powerful Godwin – claimed to have been nominated as heir by the dying Edward the Confessor, who was childless.
		As earl of Wessex, Harold was the second most powerful man in the land and certainly one of the contenders for the English throne (see The French connection).
		Harold was a formidable military campaigner and, in 1063 with his brother Tostig, earl of Northumbria, had slain the Welsh under Gruffydd ap Llewellyn, subsequently taking Gruffydd's widow Ealdgyth as his wife.
	channel4.com /history/microsites/M/monarchy/biogs/harold_godwinson.html (709 words)

	Harold (II) Godwinson
		An illustration from a 13th-century manuscript shows King Harold of England wounded in the eye at the Battle of Hastings in 1066.
		Harold was Edward the Confessor's military commander, and became so powerful that one chronicler described him as the ‘sub-king’.
		Meanwhile, Harold's treacherous brother Tostig (died 1066) joined the King of Norway Harald (III) Hardrada in invading Northumbria.
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0005584.html (344 words)

	King Harold II
		Harold was now restored to his earldom of the East-Angles, and on his father's death in 1053 he succeeded him in the greater earldom of the West-Saxons.
		Harold acted as mediator between the king and the insurgents, and at length agreed to the choice of Morkere, and the banishment of his brother.
		Harold hurried northwards; and on the 25th of September he came on the Northmen at Stamford Bridge and won a complete victory, in which Tostig and Harald were slain.
	www.nndb.com /people/735/000093456 (591 words)

	Talk:Harold Godwinson - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Harold Godwinson is not normally given an ordinal because if he were then Edward the Confessor would have been "Edward III of England" and then Edward I of England (Hammer of the Scots) would have been Edward IV of England...
		The Edwards don't need ordinals because they have all been given distinguishing nicknames, as have the second Ethelred, second Edmund and first Harold, so maybe a case could be made for removing their ordinals, but the nicknameless Ethelred I and Edmund I are both universally known as such.
		Might I comment that Godwinson, as a usurper (William of Normandy was the declared heir of Edward Confessor, and Godwinson had sworn holy oaths to uphold Wiliam's rights) hardly deserves to be listed as King, and certainly not to receive a regnal number.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Harold_Godwinson (469 words)

	::1066::
		Harold was faced with two choices: he could spend the rest of his life in Norman captivity or he could return to England and lead the life of a nobleman.
		Harold defended what he had done by claiming that William had forced him to make the promise and therefore it was done by flmail and was not valid.
		Harold Hadrada was related to Cnut who had been king of England from 1016 to 1039 and therefore he believed that this weak link entitled him to the crown.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /1066.htm (1222 words)

	Monarchy - Harold II Godwinson
		The last Anglo-Saxon king of England, Harold – son of the powerful Godwin – claimed to have been nominated as heir by the dying Edward the Confessor, who was childless.
		As earl of Wessex, Harold was the second most powerful man in the land and certainly one of the contenders for the English throne (see The French connection).
		Harold was a formidable military campaigner and, in 1063 with his brother Tostig, earl of Northumbria, had slain the Welsh under Gruffydd ap Llewellyn, subsequently taking Gruffydd's widow Ealdgyth as his wife.
	www.channel4.com /history/microsites/M/monarchy/biogs/harold_godwinson.html (683 words)

	King Harold
		Harold, the son of Earl Godwin of Wessex, and the brother of Swegen, Tostig and Gyrth, was born in about 1022.
		Tostig was banished from the country and Morcar, Harold's brother-in-law, became the new Earl of Northumbria.
		When Harold arrived in London on 5th October and there he waited for the local fyrd to assemble and for the troops of the Earl of Mercia and the Earl of Northumbria to arrive from the north.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /MEDharold.htm (2652 words)

	Claim to The English Throne
		William of Poitiers made a suggestion that Harold was never a true king of England at all because he was consecrated by Archbishop Stigand, who was the replacement in 1052 for the Norman, Robert of Jumieges, who was removed before his death under the jurisdiction of Godwin.
		Harold Godwinson was the son of Earl Godwin.
		The coronation of Harold immediately after Edward's death is suspicious, as normally there used to be a period between the death of a monarch and the crowning of another.
	www.battle1066.com /claim.shtml (1766 words)

	Harold II of England - Wikinfo
		Beginning in 1058, Harold was also earl of Hereford, and he replaced his father as the focus of opposition to growing Norman influence in England under the restored Saxon monarchy (1042-1066) of Edward the Confessor, who had spent more than a quarter of a century in exile in Normandy.
		Harold now had to submit his army to a 240-mile forced march to intercept William, who had landed perhaps 7000 men in Sussex on September 28.
		Harold's body was buried at Hastings, but was later moved to Waltham Abbey in Essex.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Harold_Godwinson (1711 words)

	Harold Godwinson
		According to most chroniclers, Harold Godwinson was killed by an arrow in his eye, but a close examination of the Bayeux tapestry tells another story.
		Harold was holding his own quite well against the Norman advance, until William came up with a way to root the Saxons out of their defensive positions.
		Harold and his men had to march the length of England to deal with a new, more dangerous threat, hard on the heels of a great and glorious victory.
	www.suite101.com /reference/harold_godwinson (522 words)

	main_template
		Harold rose to power through royal service and overcame all problems which were thrown at him, including a period of forced exile.
		While Harold was the Earl of Wessex, King Edward the Confessor began to increasingly rely on Harold's military and diplomatic skills and rewarded him, when on his deathbed and in the face of an impending invasion, he nominated Harold as his successor.
		Harold made good his promise and the feared Norwegian king was left on the battlefield where he fell.
	www.wearetheenglish.com /harold.html (1282 words)

	THE VITA HAROLDI: medievalhistory.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		All other sources from the same period which deal with King Harold II state that he was killed at the Battle of Hastings in A.D. This manuscript tells that he survived the battle, barely, and was able to live under an assumed identity for the rest of his life.
		The Fate of King Harold II In studying the life of King Harold II, we rely upon the accounts recorded in medieval manuscripts and, usually, the earlier the manuscript, the more credibility it has.
		Harold’s father, Earl Godwine of Wessex, was the power behind the throne during Edward's reign.
	www.medievalhistory.net /page008b.htm (2438 words)

	Anglo-Saxon Imports - New Releases (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Harold Godwinson, the Earl of Wessex, had effectively ruled England on behalf of King Edward for the past 14 years, as had his father, Godwin, for many years before him.
		Harold had shewn himself to be totally trustworthy on the king's behalf and it had been assumed that he would continue in the role under Edgar until the young man was old enough to rule in his own right.
		Harold's choice of ground was deliberate as the steepness of the hill prevented the Norman cavalry from charging the English, who always fought on foot.
	www.an-saxim.com /conquestoverview.htm (1790 words)

	The Norman Conquest (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Harold was a fair man, he had fought well against the Welsh, and had shown himself a good ruler of his lands.
		Harold attacked immediately, but he was hampered by a huge Viking blocking the bridge.
		In the morning, Harold's body was identified by his mistress, and buried on the beach as a grim joke.
	www.edgegrove.herts.sch.uk /academic/history/section1.htm (2066 words)

	Harold (II) Godwinson - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Harold (II) Godwinson
		An illustration from a 13th-century manuscript shows King Harold of England wounded in the eye at the Battle of Hastings in 1066.
		Harold was Edward the Confessor's military commander, and became so powerful that one chronicler described him as the ‘sub-king’.
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Harold+(II)+Godwinson (324 words)

	England before the Norman Conquest (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		After becoming Earl of Wessex in 1053 Harold Godwinson was able to gather more and more power in the hands of his own family.
		Harold proved himself an effective war leader against the Welsh in 1055-6 and again in 1062-3, ending the career of their leader Grufydd ap Llewellyn.
		Harold set off from Bosham in Sussex and was driven by a storm to the land of the Count of Ponthieu where he was captured.
	www.mondes-normands.caen.fr /angleterre/histoires/2/histoireNorm2_2.htm (297 words)

	Harold Godwinson
		Harold Godwinson was the second son of Godwin, Earl of Wessex.
		Harold was married 'more Danico' (unrecognized by the church) to Eadgyth Swanneshals (Edith Swanneck), before his second marriage in 1065 to Ealdgyth (Alditha), the sister of Edwin and Morcar and widow of Gruffudd, king of Wales.
		Harold was King of England from January 1066 until his fall at the Battle of Senlac on October 14 1066.
	www.1066.co.nz /text/people/harold.htm (166 words)

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