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Harold II of England

Harold Godwinson

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	HAROLD II. - LoveToKnow Article on HAROLD II. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Harold was now restored to his earidom of the East-Angles, and on his fathers death in 1053 he succeeded him in the greater earidom of the West-Saxons.
		Harold acted as mediator between the king and the insurgents, and at length agreed to the choice of Morkere, and the banishment of his brother.
		Harold hurried northwards; and on the 25th of September he came on the Northmen at Stamford Bridge and won a complete victory, in which Tostig and Harold Hardrada were slain.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /H/HA/HAROLD_II_.htm (587 words)

	Harold II van Engeland - Wikipedia
		Harold II of Harold Godwinson (1020 - 1066) was de laatste Saksische koning van Engeland (6 januari - 14 oktober 1066).
		Inmiddels was Harald III van Noorwegen Engeland in september 1066 binnengevallen in Yorkshire en versloeg daar de graven Edwin van Mercia en Morcar van Northumbria in de Slag bij Fulford (nabij York).
		Harold trok vervolgens met zijn leger naar het zuiden om de strijd op te vatten tegen Willem, die op 28 september met 7000 man was geland in Sussex.
	nl.wikipedia.org /wiki/Harold_II_van_Engeland (362 words)

	Harold Godwinson - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1064, Harold was shipwrecked in Ponthieu and was turned over to the court of Duke William of Normandy.
		Harold's mistress, Edith Swanneck, was called to identify the body, which she did by some private mark (the face being destroyed) known only to herself.
		Although one Norman account claims that Harold's body was buried in a grave overlooking the Saxon shore, it is more likely that he was buried in his church of Waltham Holy Cross in Essex, which he had refounded in 1060.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Harold_II_of_England (1462 words)

	Harold II of England (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In 1058 Harold also became Earl of Hereford, and he replaced his late father as the focus of opposition to growing Norman influence in England under the restored Saxon monarchy (1042 - 1066) of Edward the Confessor, who had spent more than a quarter of a century in exile in Normandy.
		Harold's wife, Edith Swanneck, was called to identify the body, which she did by some private mark (the face being destroyed) known only to herself.
		Harold's illegitimate daughter Gytha of Wessex married Vladimir Monomakh Grand Duke (Velikii Kniaz) of Kievan Rus' and is ancestor to dynasties of Galicia, Smolensk and Yaroslavl, whose scions include Modest Mussorgsky and Peter Kropotkin.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Harold_Godwinson (1077 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Beginning in 1058, Harold was also earl of Hereford, and he replaced his father as the focus of opposition to growing Norman influence in England under the restored Saxon monarchy (1042-1066) of Edward the Confessor, who had spent more than a quarter of a century in exile in Normandy.
		Harold's support (in 1065) for Northumbrian rebels against his brother Tostig strengthened his acceptability as Edward's successor, but fatally divided his own family, driving Tostig into alliance with King Harald Hardrada of Norway.
		Harold now had to submit his army to a 240-mile forced march to intercept William, who had landed perhaps 7000 men in Sussex on September 28.
	www.informationgenius.com /encyclopedia/h/ha/harold_ii_of_england.html (528 words)

	History of the Monarchy > The Anglo-Saxon kings > Harold II
		In September, Harald Hardrada of Norway (aided by Harold's alienated brother Tostig, Earl of Northumbria) invaded England and was defeated by Harold at the Battle of Stamford Bridge near York.
		Harold rushed south and, on 14 October 1066, his army of some 7,000 infantry was defeated on the field of Senlac near Hastings.
		Harold was hit in the eye by an arrow and cut down by Norman swords.
	www.royal.gov.uk /output/Page41.asp (253 words)

	Harold II of England -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Harold also had several illegitimate children by his famous mistress (or wife, according to (A Scandinavian language that is the official language of Denmark) Danish law), "Ealdgyth Swan-neck" or "Edith Swan-neck" or "Edith Swanneck".
		Harold now forced his army to march 240 miles to intercept William, who had landed perhaps 7000 men in (A former Anglo-Saxon kingdom in southern England on the English Channel; was captured by Wessex in the 9th century) Sussex, southern England three days later on September 28.
		Harold established his army in hastily built (An earthen rampart) earthworks near (The decisive battle in which William the Conqueror (duke of Normandy) defeated the Saxons under Harold II (1066) and thus left England open for the Norman Conquest) Hastings.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/H/Ha/Harold_II_of_England1.htm (1161 words)

	Harold, II Biography / Biography of Harold, II Biography Biography
		Harold II (died 1066) was the last Anglo-Saxon king of England.
		Harold II was the second son of Godwin, Earl of Wessex, one of the most powerful men in 11th-century England.
		Harold's brief reign was one of frantic activity in defense of England against invasion both by William and by Harald Hardrada, King of Norway.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-harold-ii/index.html (620 words)

	King Harold
		Harold, the son of Earl Godwin of Wessex, and the brother of Swegen, Tostig and Gyrth, was born in about 1022.
		Tostig was banished from the country and Morcar, Harold's brother-in-law, became the new Earl of Northumbria.
		When Harold arrived in London on 5th October and there he waited for the local fyrd to assemble and for the troops of the Earl of Mercia and the Earl of Northumbria to arrive from the north.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /MEDharold.htm (2652 words)

	King Harold II Godwinson of England (~1022-1066) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Harold, first defeating Harold of Norway and his own brother Tostig at Stamford Bridge in Yorkshire, marched against William, and at the Battle of Hastings was overthrown and slain.
		Harold’s body was buried under a cairn on the sea-shore and thence taken to Waltham Abbey.
		Harold II (1020?-1066), king of England (January 6, 1066-October 14, 1066), last of the Saxon rulers, and a capable military leader.
	share.geocities.com /Heartland/Ranch/8882/Notes/00146.htm (543 words)

	BBC - History - Harold II (c.1020 - 66)
		The last Anglo-Saxon king of England, Harold held the crown for nine months in 1066 before being famously killed by an arrow in the eye at the Battle of Hastings while trying to repel the Norman invasion under William the Conqueror.
		Crowned the next day, Harold was immediately threatened with the rival claim of William, as well as that of Harald III Hardraade, king of Norway, and the potential threat from Tostig.
		Harold hurried south, but his men were ill-equipped, untrained and tired.
	www.bbc.co.uk /history/historic_figures/harold_ii_king.shtml (375 words)

	Harold II d'Angleterre - Wikipédia
		Harold Goswinson ou Harold II d'Angleterre (1022 — 14 octobre 1066) fut le dernier des rois saxons d'Angleterre.
		Harold était le fils de Godwin, le puissant comte du Wessex.
		Harold eut également plusieurs enfants illégitimes de sa célèbre maîtresse (sa femme selon la loi danoise), Ealdgyth Swanneck (Édith-au-cou-de-cygne, également surnommée Édith-la-juste).
	fr.wikipedia.org /wiki/Harold_Godwinson (1434 words)

	GENUKI: Kings of England - H
		The latter accordingly invaded England while Harold was engaged in the north in repelling an invasion of Harold Hardrada, king of Norway, supported by Tostig, the brother of Harold.
		Henry II., King of England, first of the Plantagenet line, was the eldest son of Geoffrey, Earl of Anjou, and his wife, the ex-Empress Maud, daughter of Henry I., and was born at Mans, in March, 1133.
		Notwithstanding the conflicting estimates of the character and measures of Henry II., viewed as the champion of state supremacy, it is evident that he was a man of powerful intellect superior education, great energy, activity, and decisiveness, and also of impetuous passions.
	www.genuki.org.uk /big/royalty/kingh.html (3530 words)

	Harold Godwinson : Harold II of England (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Harold II Rank:22ndRuled:January 4, 1066-October 14, 1066Predecessor:Edward the ConfessorDate of Birth:1022Place of Birth:Wessex, EnglandWives:Ealdgyth Swan-neck[?] ("handfast" marriage not approved by the Church), Edith[?]Buried:Waltham AbbeyDate of Death:October 14, 1066Parents:Godwin and Gytha[?]Harold Godwinson, or Harold II, England's last Saxon king, ruled January 6-October 14, 1066.
		Harold also had several illegitimate children by his famous mistress (or wife, according to Danish law), "Ealdgyth Swan-neck[?]".
		Harold's support (in 1065) for Northumbrian rebels against his brother Tostig strengthened his acceptability as Edward's successor, but fatally divided his own family, driving Tostig into alliance with King III of Norway">Harald Hardrada of Norway.
	www.termsdefined.net /ha/harold-ii-of-england.html (831 words)

	Harold of England - OrthodoxWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The principle question regarding Harold's sanctity is whether he died as a passion-bearer (one who faces his death in a Christ-like manner) or even a martyr at Hastings.
		Harold had been transformed by his betrayal by the Pope, and his defeat by William (which from a purely military standpoint was by no means assured) marked the end of the ecclesial distinctiveness of the English church and its subsequent capitulation to Rome under Norman rule.
		Although history's record of Harold's defeat can be interpreted to suggest that King Harold and his men died in defense of the Orthodox Christian faith, aside from the undocumented allegation that the Church of Russia has glorified him, there is no record of a cultus developing around Harold.
	www.orthodoxwiki.org /Harold_of_England (2645 words)

	channel4.com - Monarchy - Harold II Godwinson - text only
		The last Anglo-Saxon king of England, Harold – son of the powerful Godwin – claimed to have been nominated as heir by the dying Edward the Confessor, who was childless.
		As earl of Wessex, Harold was the second most powerful man in the land and certainly one of the contenders for the English throne (see The French connection).
		Harold was a formidable military campaigner and, in 1063 with his brother Tostig, earl of Northumbria, had slain the Welsh under Gruffydd ap Llewellyn, subsequently taking Gruffydd's widow Ealdgyth as his wife.
	www.channel4.com /history/microsites/M/monarchy/biogs/harold_godwinson_t.html (624 words)

	Harold. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Shortly after this (probably in 1064), Harold was apparently shipwrecked on the coast of Ponthieu and was surrendered by the count of Ponthieu to William, duke of Normandy (later William I of England).
		Harold was also the choice of the council to be king.
		Harold went north and soundly defeated them (Sept. 25, 1066) at the battle of Stamford Bridge, in which both Tostig and Harold III were slain.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ha/Harold.html (347 words)

	§9. "Childe Harold". II. Byron. Vol. 12. The Romantic Revival. The Cambridge History of English and American ...
		The surprising success of the first two cantos of Childe Harold on their first appearance in 1812 was in no small measure due to the originality of the design, and to Byron’s extension of the horizon of romance.
		When Childe Harold was begun at Janina in Albania, in 1809, the hero may well have seemed to his creator as an imaginary figure; but, between the composition of the first two cantos and the third, there intervened for Byron a course of experiences which converted what was ideal and imaginary into bitter reality.
		Disfigured as the stanzas of Childe Harold often are by jarring discords, it must be confessed that this ambitious measure assumed, in Byron’s hands, remarkable vigour, while its elaborately knit structure saved him from the slipshod movement which is all too common in his blank verse.
	www.bartleby.com /222/0209.html (750 words)

	Harold II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Harold II Harold II (born 1022?, ruled 1066), the last king of the Anglo-Saxon period, reigned for only nine months.
		Hardly had Harold come to the throne, in January 1066, before he was compelled to take his army north to face an invading Norwegian force that included his brother.
		Harold met William at Hastings and fell on the field of battle.
	history-world.org /harold_ii.htm (258 words)

	Bambooweb: Harald Bluetooth
		Harold Bluetooth Gormson (Danish Harald Blåtand, Norwegian Harald Blåtann) (ca 911- November 1 987), sometimes Harold II, succeeded his father Gorm the Old as king of Denmark in 935 (or 940) and king of Norway in 936.
		Harold died in battle against the forces of his son and successor Sweyn.
		Harold may have had three wives or consorts: Thora, Gunhilde and Gyrid (the niece of the Swedish king Eric the Victorious).
	www.bambooweb.com /articles/h/a/Harald_Bluetooth.html (263 words)

	Harold Godwineson, Earl of Hereford, king Harold II, Last Anglo-Saxon King (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Ewyas Harold was deemed strategic as it was on a spur of the Golden Valley, Richard's castle, as it overlooked Ludlow.
		Harold married Edith 'Swan neck' in what was known as the 'Danish style'.He was, after all, half-Danish, and must have identified strongly with his Scandinavian side to have given five of his offspring Nordic names.
		Harold had chosen that position several miles from the coast as it barred the road to London, was on a steep ridge, and was well flanked by woodland.
	www.dulwichdynamo.homechoice.co.uk /Harold.html (4628 words)

	THE VITA HAROLDI: medievalhistory.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		All other sources from the same period which deal with King Harold II state that he was killed at the Battle of Hastings in A.D. This manuscript tells that he survived the battle, barely, and was able to live under an assumed identity for the rest of his life.
		The Fate of King Harold II In studying the life of King Harold II, we rely upon the accounts recorded in medieval manuscripts and, usually, the earlier the manuscript, the more credibility it has.
		Harold’s father, Earl Godwine of Wessex, was the power behind the throne during Edward's reign.
	www.medievalhistory.net /page008b.htm (2438 words)

	Britannia: Monarchs of Britain
		Harold acted as an emissary from Edward the Confessor to the court of William of Normandy in 1064, during which time he allegedly swore an oath of fealty to William, relinquishing any personal claim to the throne.
		While on his deathbed, the Confessor named Harold as his successor, overlooking his grandson, the rightful heir, Edgar the Ætheling and ignoring a promise that he allegedly made (according to French sources) to William of Normandy.
		Harold's brother, Tostig, had been exiled since the autumn of 1065 and had joined with Harald Hardrada of Norway.
	www.britannia.com /history/monarchs/mon21.html (578 words)

	Talk:Harold Godwinson - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Harold Godwinson is not normally given an ordinal because if he were then Edward the Confessor would have been "Edward III of England" and then Edward I of England (Hammer of the Scots) would have been Edward IV of England...
		Pre-conquest, of the Wessex line there were also two Saxon Ethelreds, two Harolds and two Edmunds, and up until a few years ago IIRC they were all routinely given ordinals.
		The Edwards don't need ordinals because they have all been given distinguishing nicknames, as have the second Ethelred, second Edmund and first Harold, so maybe a case could be made for removing their ordinals, but the nicknameless Ethelred I and Edmund I are both universally known as such.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Harold_II_of_England (370 words)

	TimeRef - History Timelines - HAROLD (II, Godwinson, King of England 1066)
		Harold was the son of Godwine, the Earl of Wessex and was expelled from England with the rest of his family in 1051 by the King, Edward the Confessor.
		Harold may have had something to do with the death as without a nominated heir to the throne, Harold himself could win approval of the English people to be elected King.
		Harold II Godwinson is crowned King of England
	www.btinternet.com /~timeref/hpr294.htm (686 words)

	Harold II (1066) - Reviews on RateItAll (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Harold II was loyal to his country and his people and put himself in harms way to defend them against all-comers.
		Harold was a man who not only spent his short reign desperately fighting for his own sake but for the whole English way of life.
		Harold himself was hit in the eye with an arrow and killed.
	www.rateitall.com /i-52808-harold-ii-1066.aspx (702 words)

	1066: Year of the Conquest: King Harold II ...
		King Harold II Everyone in England knew of Duke William of Normandyâs claims to the throne.
		Harold Godwineson was declared King of England, and became King Harold II on January 6th, 1066.
		Harold and his army had repelled the invaders, but they were not the invaders they had been expecting.
	www.finetuning.com /articles/p2-1268-1066-year-of-the-conquest.html (463 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Harold II (of England) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Harold II (of England) (1020?-1066), king of England (January 6, 1066-October 14, 1066), last of the Saxon rulers, and a capable military leader.
		About 1064, the powerful English noble, Harold, earl of Wessex, was shipwrecked on the Norman coast and taken prisoner by William.
		Wilson, Harold, Baron Wilson of Rievaulx (1916-1995), British prime minister (1964-70, 1974-76), born on March 11, 1916, in Huddersfield, Yorkshire,...
	encarta.msn-ppe.com /Harold_II_(of_England).html (291 words)

	BBC - Radio 4 - This Sceptred Isle - The Battle of Stamford Bridge
		Harold's half brother Tostig and king Harold Hardrada of Norway invaded the north of Britain.
		Harold II of England raced to York and a battle was fought at Stamford Bridge which Harold won.
		Harold's army was depleted and he did not wait for reinforcements.
	db.bbc.co.uk /radio4/history/sceptred_isle/page/6.shtml?question=6 (318 words)

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