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	Harry Bridges Institute - Harry Bridges and the ILWU
		Harry Bridges passed away on March 30, 1990, leaving a legacy of labor reform felt by millions of working class people the world over.
		Bridges was hailed as a "labor statesman" (a label he flatly rejected because it implied he had sold out) and a "man of his word" by some of the very employers who had previously sought to do him in.
		Bridges was a staunch advocate of civil rights ever since his brief association with the Wobblies in 1921.
	harrybridges.com /harryb.htm (759 words)

	ilwu.org : Representing the Union--Sam Kagel Harry Bridges and the 1934 Strike
		Harry had been on the waterfront for years, had worked all types of cargo, and had been a member of a "star gang," which was a kind of pre-strike steady gang that was really a form of favoritism.
		Harry just knew where he wanted to go and how he was going to get there, and it was no big excitement.
		Harry’s testimony to the National Longshoremen’s Board was outstanding and the union got its basic demands satisfied in the ’34 strike arbitration award.
	www.ilwu.org /dispatcher/2005/08/kagel_bridges_strike.cfm?renderforprint=1 (3043 words)

	Harry Bridges - A Biography
		The boyhood life of Bridges is briefly examined to demonstrate what influences exerted themselves upon this incredible man as well as his work as a sailor and longshoreman, his arrival in the United States, and concluding with his rise to power as a maritime union officer.
		Harry Bridges, elected president of the West Coast district of the ILA in the summer of 1936, was also anxious to enlist agricultural workers into powerful unions.
		It was clear to Bridges that friction between fl and white, foreign born and native workers wakened the cause of labor.
	www.ilwu19.com /history/biography.htm (8272 words)

	The Harry Bridges Project
		We are currently working on and seeking funding for several new and exciting projects.
		The Harry Bridges Project was created to promote the legacy of labor leader Harry Bridges and to aid in the public's understanding of his importance to history.
		Bridges' work, which had and still has an enormous impact on our lives, is largely unknown outside specific labor union and academic circles.
	www.theharrybridgesproject.org (401 words)

	Who Was Harry Bridges?
		Nevertheless, Bridges was a champion of workers' causes on an international scale, and his legacy as a progressive leader committed to democratic values makes him well worth a second look.
		Professor David Olson, of the Harry Bridges Center for Labor Studies at the University of Washington, says Bridges' legacy as a pioneer in the 20th-century labor movement stems from two major reforms that did much to foster solidarity among West Coast longshoremen.
		Bridges' second landmark contribution was securing a coast-wide contract, whereby all dock workers from San Diego, California, to Bellingham, Washington, worked under a single agreement that regularized both wages and working conditions.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/pages/roadshow/series/highlights/2004/sanfran/fts_hour1_2.html (1312 words)

	Harry Bridges at AllExperts
		Harry Bridges (July 28, 1901 – March 30, 1990) was an influential American labor leader in the International Longshore and Warehouse Union (ILWU), a union of longshore and warehouse workers on the West Coast and in Hawai'i and Alaska which he helped form and led for over forty years.
		Bridges was elected president of the San Francisco local in 1935 and then president of the Pacific Coast District of the ILA in 1936.
		Bridges continued opposing the Roosevelt Administration, belittling the value of the New Deal, and urging union voters to withhold their support from Roosevelt and to wait to see what Lewis, who had now also split with the Roosevelt administration, recommended.
	en.allexperts.com /e/h/ha/harry_bridges.htm (2388 words)

	The Remarkable Harry Bridges by Dick Meister (Labor) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Bridges was in it because of his unswerving belief in "the rank-and-file," as he once told me, a naive and inquisitive young reporter -- "the goddamn working stiff, that's who!
		Harry Bridges' lifelong task, then, was to shift the wealth from those who owned it to those who created it.
		Bridges and Goldblatt used their potent base to help lead drives by other CIO unions that spread unionization from the waterfront to a wide variety of other industries throughout the West at a time when employers treated workers as chattel, giving them little choice but to accept near-starvation wages and whatever else the employers demanded.
	www.dickmeister.com /id9.html (1037 words)

	AllRefer.com - Harry Bridges (Labor, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Bridges led (1934) the West Coast maritime workers' strike, which expanded into an abortive general strike, and in 1937 he set up the International Longshoremen's and Warehousemen's Union (ILWU), and became West Coast director of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO).
		He was convicted and sentenced (1950) to a five-year prison term for swearing falsely at his 1945 naturalization hearing that he had never been a member of the Communist party.
		He was reindicted on similar charges, but in 1955 a federal district judge ruled that the government had failed to prove that he was a Communist or that he had concealed that fact when he was naturalized.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/B/BridgesH.html (387 words)

	ilwu.org : Harry Bridges Oral History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Bridges also assumes that we are familiar with the extremely long hours, the brutal speed-ups, and the shipowners’ callous neglect of safety provisions that marked longshore work before 1934.
		Bridges here outlines the series of important decisions he and his fellow activists in the Albion Hall group made during 1932-1933 that were crucial to the union’s early survival and long-term success.
		Bridges was seeking support, and the Committee of 500 did claim success because of the adoption of its pre-strike demands at the meeting.
	www.ilwu.org /history/oral-histories/harry-bridges.cfm (9827 words)

	Biography: Harry Bridges
		Harry Bridges was born in Melbourne, Australia on July 28, 1901 as Alfred Renton Bridges (later renamed "Harry" by American sailors).
		Twice Harry Bridges attempted to revive the ILA on the waterfront.
		To Harry Bridges, it was obvious that the Communist Party would not only cooperate wholeheartedly and effectively with the maritime workers, but could also give invaluable advice on the conduct and development of the strike.
	home.earthlink.net /~chwbiii/harry4.htm (8154 words)

	County Bar Does Battle With Harry Bridges, Los Angeles Times
		Bridges’ supposed offense was sending a telegram on Jan. 24, 1938 to the U.S. secretary of labor, with copies disseminated to reporters by the union’s publicist.
		The other two editorials were comprised of praise of a jury’s decision in convicting 22 strikers for property offenses (they had not yet been sentenced) and reflections on the downfall of a political figure, convicted of corruption (she had filed a motion for new trial).
		As to Bridges’ telegram, he said it appeared that the finding of contempt was based not on the use of the word “outrageous,” but was predicated on the warnings of tie-ups at the docks should the decree be enforced.
	www.metnews.com /articles/2005/perspectives080205.htm (1879 words)

	Harry A.R. Bridges Biography \| Encyclopedia of World Biography
		Bridges emerged from this labor conflict as the dominant leader and spokesperson for Pacific Coast waterfront workers.
		Harry Bridges was born in Melbourne, Australia, on July 28, 1901, the oldest of six children in a solidly middle-class family.
		During that decade (1922 to 1933) Bridges lived in relative obscurity as an ordinary longshoreman, marrying for the first time in 1923 (he was to be divorced twice and married a third time) and leading a conventional working-class life.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/harry-ar-bridges (1294 words)

	The fighting legacy of Harry Bridges
		This celebration was noteworthy because Harry Bridges was known for advocating militant strategies that won major gains.
		Bridges moved to this country from his native Australia in 1920 and joined the Industrial Workers of the World in 1921, participating in a nationwide seamen’s strike.
		Bridges’ experience allowed him to give a voice to the militancy that exploded among waterfront workers in 1934.
	www.socialistworker.org /2001/375/375_15_HarryBridges.shtml (561 words)

	Harry Bridges
		Throughout his life Harry Bridges was many things: a seaman, a longshoreman, a union organizer, a world-renowned labor leader; and in his later years, a San Francisco Port Commissioner and President of the California Congress of Seniors.
		Harry's inspired leadership through the eighty-three days of the 1934 coastal strike and the three days of the San Francisco General Strike brought the waterfront employers to the bargaining table, ultimately winning agreements that finally allowed dock workers and seamen to work with dignity.
		Harry was now at the head of the Strike Committee, a committee hard at work ensuring adequate supplies of food, medicine, and all other necessary essentials for the city.
	unionsong.com /reviews/bridges (5669 words)

	Green Left - Harry Bridges and the cockeyed table
		By 1934 Bridges was leading the longshoremen in a bitter strike for union control of the distribution of work by way of a union-operated “hiring hall”.
		Bridges faced four concerted attempts by the government to prove in US courts that he was a member of the Communist Party of the United States.
		Harry Bridges emerges, however, as a man with a twinkle in his eye, his enormous energy and intellect fuelled by loyalty to his class and an astute perception of his enemy -- the owning class.
	www.greenleft.org.au /1993/104/5961 (701 words)

	The Remarkable Harry Bridges by Dick Meister
		Bridges was the co-founder and for 40 years president of one of the most progressive and influential organizations in the world, the San Francisco-based International Longshore and Warehouse Union.
		Bridges and his supporters spent eight years fighting off attempts to deport him to Australia, finally winning a Supreme Court ruling that enabled him to become a U.S. citizen in 1945.
		Harry Bridges led the way to that and much more which benefited many, insisting always that the credit should go not to him, but to the union's rank-and-file, they who "did the fighting, the organizing, the striking."
	www.thirdworldtraveler.com /Labor/Harry_Bridges.html (1039 words)

	America on the Move \| Harry Bridges in a Labor Day parade
		Photograph shows Harry Bridges leading the ILWU longshoremen up Market Street during the Labor Day parade in San Francisco in 1939, two years after the ILWU was formed and he became its first President.
		Born in Australia in 1901, Harry Bridges came to the United States as a young sailor and settled in San Francisco in 1920.
		Bridges retired from the ILWU in 1977 and died in San Francisco in 1990.
	www.americanhistory.si.edu /onthemove/collection/object_695.html (286 words)

	America on the Move \| Harry Bridges: Immigrant, Adventurer, Traveler
		Harry Bridges was the radical leader of the International Longshoremen’s and Warehousemen’s Union.
		When Harry Bridges jumped ship in San Francisco in 1920, all he had to do was pay the eight-dollar head tax to enter the country.
		Despite Harry’s plea that Noriko “isn't really Japanese—she was born in America,” the judge refused to marry them.
	americanhistory.si.edu /onthemove/exhibition/exhibition_5_3.html (210 words)

	Harry Bridges, Communism and Deportation - 1938
		Harry Bridges is not to be taken lightly; he has the cunning of the fox and is as subtle in his decomposing approach as the master trickster attorney.
		Schmidt carried his utter disregard for the benefits of citizenship to the point where he retorted to a pointed question on patriotism: “Harry does not have the time to bother about citizenship; there are more important things to take care of.
		When Harry Bridges is on his way to either Moscow or Auckland, the people of this country will owe the new peace conditions, inevitable through his removal, to this labor organization.
	www.sfmuseum.org /hist10/hbnewsletter.html (786 words)

	The Harry Bridges Project
		Three years later, Harry Bridges became the president of the newly formed International Longshore and Warehouse Union was formed, a post he would hold for the next forty years.
		In 1961, faced with the inevitable loss of jobs that would result from greater mechanization and computerization of the the docks, the union under Bridges' control fought for and won the "Mechanization and Modernization Agreement." The resultant agreement was a controversial one, upsetting many union members.
		Finally in July, 2001 the public square in front of San Francisco's Ferry Building was officially named Harry Bridges Plaza to honor a man who had a far reaching impact on the lives of workers everywhere.
	theharrybridgesproject.org /biography.html (594 words)

	San Francisco Building and Construction Trades Council - Organized Labor: ILWU Icon Harry Bridges Honored
		Harry Bridges, outspoken labor leader of the Longshoreman's union on the West Coast for many years, was honored on San Francisco's waterfront last week on the occasion of what would have been his 100th birthday.
		Congresswoman Pelosi spoke briefly, saying, "Harry Bridges is cherished by the citizens of San Francisco and recognized as a great labor leader in this city and the world." She said that Harry Bridges lives every time we fight for a living wage or better working conditions.
		Harry Bridges, a world renowned labor leader, never wavered in his commitment to rank and file democratic trade unionism.
	www.sfbctc.org /harrybridgeshonored-80601.htm (792 words)

	'Harry Bridges Day'
		Harry Bridges, founder and first president of the International Longshoreman and Warehouseman's Union, will be remembered today in San Francisco and seaports everywhere as a true working-class hero.
		To Bridge's undying credit, it was under his leadership that the ILWU became one of the first unions to unconditionally open its membership to fls.
		Bridges' union activities got him in deep trouble with the U.S. government, which accused him of being a Communist and tried unsuccessfully for 14 years to have him deported to his native Australia.
	www.sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2001/07/28/ED33868.DTL&amp;amp;type=printable (566 words)

	Harry Bridges Institute for International Education and Organization
		The Harry Bridges Institute held it's tenth annual tribute, honoring a number of locals for their contributions this past year.
		The summer of 2001 marked the 100th anniversary of Harry's birth.
		A special collection of official Harry Bridges merchandise, including collectibles and "limited edition" items, are available for purchase.
	www.harrybridges.com (346 words)

	Harry Bridges Named a Communist - 1941
		Bridges’ desire for the removal of John Brost, an assistant regional CIO director in Oregon, was discussed.
		Bridges, but said it had not colored his testimony or caused him to deviate from the truth.
		Harry Bridges received “mandatory orders as a member of the Communist Party”; to work for the movement of longshore and other waterfront unions out of the AFL and into the CIO in 1937, declared Mr.
	www.sfmuseum.org /hist2/bridges.html (1015 words)

	Hindsight - 20/11/2005: From Wharf Rats to Lords of the Docks - The Life and Times of Harry Bridges
		In 1920, a young Australian seaman called Harry Bridges landed in San Fransisco and would go on to become one of the most influential trade union leaders of the 20th century.
		Harry Bridges is regarded as a hero of the labour movement in America; after his death, in 1990, the city of San Fransisco decided to honour the memory of the man America tried to deport four times by naming the Harry Bridges plaza.
		This documentary explores the life of Harry Bridges, from his childhood in Melbourne through to his rise to national prominence in the inter-war decades in America, and his legacy for workers today.
	www.abc.net.au /rn/history/hindsight/stories/s1508092.htm (247 words)

	Harry Bridges: Rank-and-File Leader
		Bridges and other officials of the union believe in giving a fair day's work for a fair wage (they are satisfied that the wages now are good), and soldiering on the job is discouraged by them.
		This clever exposé, executed in the best Bridges manner, received considerable publicity in the few liberal newspapers on the coast; and the public's, but especially organized labor's, reaction to the planned lockout was against the employers.
		The federation officials, including Bridges, held a conference and, deciding that their information was too slender to justify creating an issue in the already tense situation, called off the pickets and told the gangs to go and work the ship.
	newdeal.feri.org /nation/na36576.htm (2876 words)

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