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	[Deathwatch] Lord Hartley William Shawcross, Nuremberg prosecutor , 101
		Hartley William Shawcross was involved in a number of high-profile cases throughout his career, prosecuting a major treason trial and an atomic spying case.
		Shawcross then was appointed Britain's chief prosecutor at the Nuremberg, Germany, trials of Nazi war criminals, signing an indictment along with representatives of the United States, France and the Soviet Union.
		Shawcross called the Nazi defendants "fl-hearted murderers, plunderers and conspirators of which the world has not known their equal." "There comes a point when a man must refuse to answer to his leader if he is also to answer to his own conscience," he said in court.
	slick.org /pipermail/deathwatch/2003-July/000446.html (662 words)

	Hartley Shawcross, Baron Shawcross - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hartley Shawcross, Attorney-General of England and Wales 1945-51
		Hartley William Shawcross, Baron Shawcross, GBE, PC, KC (4 February 1902 – 10 July 2003), was a British barrister and politician and the lead British prosecutor at the Nuremberg War Crimes tribunal.
		Shawcross maintained that each of the 22 defendants was a party to "common murder in its most ruthless forms".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hartley_Shawcross (923 words)

	Ward's Book of Days. Pages of interesting anniversaries.What happened on this day in history.
		Shawcross won the case despite the essential legal detail that Joyce was not a British citizen and therefore not capable of treason.
		Shawcross argued that Joyce was at one time resident in Britain and took advantage of British protection and therefore owed allegiance.
		Shawcross relied exclusively on the rule of law, showing by means of documented evidence that the defendants were responsible for breaches of laws laid out in International treaties.
	www.wardsbookofdays.com /4february.htm (411 words)

	Bulletin - University of Sussex Newsletter Lord Shawcross celebrates 100th Friday 8 February 2002
		Hartley Shawcross was born on 4 February 1902, the same day as US aviator Charles Lindbergh.
		After his departure from politics, Shawcross was made a life peer and appointed to a number of "odd jobs", as he described them in his memoirs.
		In his memoirs, Lord Shawcross recalled another Sussex appointment: "I was at an early stage appointed chairman of the buildings committee for the whole University, I think on the theory that it would involve one professional man — me — dealing with another professional man, the leading architect.
	www.sussex.ac.uk /press_office/bulletin/08feb02/article6.shtml (356 words)

	Fearsome lawyer who brought the Nazis to heel dies aged 101 - smh.com.au
		Hartley Shawcross's detailed and impassioned speeches attacking the Nazi leaders on trial there won him public praise and certainly helped secure convictions and eventual death sentences.
		Years later, Lord Shawcross revealed that the men he had prosecuted were the sort of people you would see on the bus, except for Hess and Ribbentrop, who looked rather more miserable.
		Lord Shawcross remembered how he had to be careful not to catch the former reichsmarschall's eye when he ran into difficulties.
	www.smh.com.au /articles/2003/07/11/1057783356712.html (298 words)

	The Observer \| Comment \| William the conqueror
		Lord Hartley Shawcross came to be known as 'Sir Shortly Floorcross': after what had seemed to be a flourishing career as a socialist and potential Labour leader under Clement Attlee, he promptly crossed the divide of British politics to join the right-wing of the Conservative Party.
		Shawcross this time delegated his response to none other than John le Carré, who said he had known the Murdoch biographer for many years, and accused Brown of printing 'one of the ugliest pieces of partisan journalism that I have ever witnessed'.
		Later, Shawcross appeared to retract, writing in the Sunday Telegraph 'I regret some of my comments on Vietnam', but insisting that he was merely one of those who had relinquished his Labour vote in favour of the Social Democrats.
	observer.guardian.co.uk /comment/story/0,,997130,00.html (1541 words)

	Scotsman.com News - Obituaries - Lord Shawcross (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		LORD Shawcross was probably the most brilliant, flamboyant and famous lawyer of the 20th century; a deadly and clinical prosecutor at the Nuremberg trials of Nazi war criminals and, as the post-war Labour Attorney General, the man who helped to send acid bath murderer John George Haigh to the gallows.
		Hartley William Shawcross was born in 1902 and educated at Dulwich College, where he preached socialism in the debating society.
		And during the so-called disarmament debates at Lake Success, Shawcross exposed Molotov’s "disarmament" as humbug and was ruthless in his denunciation of the warlike activities of the Soviet Union.
	news.scotsman.com /obituaries.cfm?id=753782003 (1148 words)

	Anecdote - Sir Hartley Shawcross - Shawcross Principle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		At the Nuremberg trial in 1945, Hartley Shawcross presented the prosecution case against twenty-two of Adolf Hitler's civilian and military chiefs, accused of crimes against humanity.
		[Shawcross effectively challenged the notion that the trial was merely an act of vengeance by the victors and showed that the laws in question had been clearly expressed in international treaties and agreements before the second world war.
		Shawcross, Sir Hartley (1902-2003) British prosecutor, attorney-general [noted for his role in the prosecution of such criminals as the Nuremberg defendants and the atomic spies Klaus Fuchs and Alan Nunn May]
	www.anecdotage.com /index.php?aid=5108 (238 words)

	BBC NEWS \| UK \| Nazi war crimes prosecutor dies
		Shawcross also went before the Hague to state Great Britain's case against Albania after the mining of the British destroyers in the Corfu Channel.
		Shawcross, who was born into a Rochdale mill-owning family, was known for dropping political bricks with regularity.
		Sir Hartley's apparent comment on his party as "the masters now" became part of political history, and he was pilloried as an arrogant aristocrat.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/uk_news/1218017.stm (555 words)

	Blog of Death: Lord Shawcross
		Lord Hartley William Shawcross of Friston, a chief prosecutor in the Nuremberg trials, died July 6.
		Shawcross generated a reputation for meticulous prosecution when he tried William Joyce for high treason and John George Haigh for the murder of Olive Durand-Deacon.
		Shawcross later became the Chancellor of Sussex University, and earned honorary degrees from nine universities in U.S. and the U.K. His autobiography, "Life Sentence," was published in 1995.
	www.blogofdeath.com /archives/000114.html (161 words)

	Hartley Shawcross (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Hartley Shawcross was born in Germany on 4th February, 1902.
		Shawcross took an early interest in politics and by the age of 16 he had joined the Labour Party and was ward secretary in Wandsworth.
		During the Second World War Shawcross chaired the Enemy Aliens Tribunal (1939-41) and Deputy Regional Commissioner for the South-East (1941-42) and Commissioner for the North-West (1942-45).
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /2WWshawcross.htm (1390 words)

	secretrials
		Shawcross lacked a degree at all, and was not really in the top league where Maxwell-Fyfe belonged, and he probably envied him his popularity and success.
		Now, the voice of Shell Oil, Sir Hartley Shawcross, was holding a 'kangaroo' court at 'Justice' where he was Chairman, and I was on trial without a lawyer to defend me. I was at the mercy of the Shell Oil interests; Sir Hartley the Shell spokesman; and his friend the Prime Minister, Harold Macmillan.
		Hartley was readily persuaded by Maxwell-Fyfe, now known as Viscount Kilmuir, that 'Justice' would lend an aura of legality and respectability to a court at which Smith could be tried without publicity, that is a 'kangaroo' court.
	www.libertas.demon.co.uk /secretrials.htm (9044 words)

	William Shawcross (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Son of Hartley Shawcross and writer, he "made his name attacking US policy in Cambodia" according to the Evening Standard two days ago.
		WILLIAM SHAWCROSS, the writer and broadcaster, has been chosen by the Queen to write the official biography of Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother, Buckingham Palace said yesterday.
		Mr Shawcross, Oxford educated and a former Sunday Times foreign correspondent, is the son of Hartley (later Lord) Shawcross, the chief British prosecutor at the Nuremberg war trials.
	clublet.com /why?page=WilliamShawcross (477 words)

	Former University Chancellor Lord Shawcross dies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Lord Shawcross, one of the University's founding fathers and the longest-serving Chancellor in its 40-year history, has died at the age of 101.
		In paying tribute to Lord Shawcross, Lord Briggs, who was the university's vice-chancellor during Lord Shawcross' chancellorship, said: "He was a very active chancellor of the university.
		In his memoirs, Lord Shawcross recalled: "I was at an early stage appointed chairman of the buildings committee for the whole university, I think on the theory that it would involve one professional man - me - dealing with another professional man, the leading architect.
	www.sussex.ac.uk /press_office/media/media324.shtml (496 words)

	de Havilland Comet - Coury of Inquiry
		Sir Hartley Shawcross said it was doubtful whether it would be a practical expedient if the proposed modifications were to be carried out on the Comet 1 fuselages so that they could be returned to airline service.
		Sir Hartley said that the modifications were designed to avoid high level stress and would be incorporated in the Comet Mk.IIs and Mk.IIIs and these would have little effect on the guaranteed performance of the aircraft.
		Lord Shawcross did however tell me that he had sympathy for the de Havilland Company at the time of the Inquiry and a great admiration for the work of Sir Arnold Hall of the RAE.
	www.dlyoung.freeserve.co.uk /DH106/comet_1inq.htm (6813 words)

	Nuremberg Trials (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The main UK prosecutor Hartley Shawcross died last week, aged 101.
		They were magnificent speeches on which the whole team had spent a lot of time and which had a great impact upon the court and world opinion but they represented his only intervention in the ten-month trial.
		Shawcross himself was always punctilious in giving the credit for the guilty verdicts obtained at Nuremberg to Maxwell Fyfe.
	clublet.com /why?Nuremberg (818 words)

	COURTTV.COM- TRIALS
		SIR HARTLEY SHAWCROSS (Chief Prosecutor for the United Kingdom): May it please the Tribunal, on an occasion to which reference has and will be made, Hitler, the leader of the Nazi conspirators who are now on trial before you, is reported as having said, in reference to their warlike plans:
		SIR HARTLEY SHAWCROSS: [Continuing.] I was saying before the recess that there could be no doubt about the principle of criminal responsibility on the part of the state which engaged in aggressive war.
		SIR HARTLEY SHAWCROSS: May it please the Tribunal, when we broke off I had been saying that the Nazi Government was intent upon aggression, and all that had been taking place in regard to Danzigthe negotiations, the demands that were being made-were really no more than a cover, a pretext and excuse for further domination.
	www.courttv.com /casefiles/nuremberg/shawcross.html (16621 words)

	Peace and Conflict Monitor, International Lawyer 101
		Hartley William Shawcross, who died this month at the age of 101, unravelled the legal underpinnings in international law for trying war criminals.
		His words, in all their conviction and imperiousness, remain for all to read in the record of that historic and then unprecedented trial, which have become the model and justification for more recent ones in these times of horrific war crimes and ethnic cleansing.
		As Sir Hartley Shawcross he became a Labour Cabinet Minister, and was often quoted and misquoted by the press.
	www.monitor.upeace.org /innerpg.cfm?id_article=56 (472 words)

	Shofar FTP Archives: imt/tgmwc/tgmwc-02/tgmwc-02-12.05
		SIR HARTLEY SHAWCROSS: Well, sir, my colleagues, my American and my British colleagues, were proposing to follow up my own address by putting these documents in.
		SIR HARTLEY SHAWCROSS: This document on naval warfare against England is something which is both significant and new.
		Until this date the documents in our possession disclose preparations for war against Poland, England and France, purporting on the face of them at least to be defensive measures to ward off attacks which might result from the intervention of those States in the preparatory German aggressions in Central Europe.
	www.vex.net /~nizkor/ftp.py?imt/tgmwc/tgmwc-02/tgmwc-02-12.05 (2180 words)

	John J. Miller on William Shawcross on National Review Online
		The fact that comes from the pen of Shawcross — "Cambodia was not a mistake," he once wrote, "it was a crime" — makes it both good and interesting.
		Shawcross is one of those people who thinks that the world is a better place for a certain despot having no power in it.
		This is not to suggest that Shawcross is uncritical of the coalition effort in Iraq.
	www.nationalreview.com /miller/miller200401290913.asp (779 words)

	Shawcross Lord Hartley William - Search Results - ninemsn Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Shawcross Lord Hartley William - Search Results - ninemsn Encarta
		Shawcross, Lord Hartley William (1902-2003), British jurist and Attorney-General, leader of the British prosecution at the Nuremberg Trials after...
		More ninemsn Search results on "Shawcross Lord Hartley William"
	au.encarta.msn.com /Shawcross_Lord_Hartley_William.html (55 words)

	International Military Tribunal "Blue Series," Vol. 2, p. 12 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		SIR HARTLEY SHAWCROSS: No, Sir, I was not suggesting that he should not be treated as being an existing defendant before the Tribunal and held guilty or not.
		I was dealing with the subsequent course which the Tribunal might adopt in regard to him if they held him guilty of some or all of these offenses.
		SIR HARTLEY SHAWCROSS: I am not agreed that according to English Municipal Law he could not be tried.
	www.holocaust-history.org /works/imt/02/htm/t012.htm?size=1 (332 words)

	Guardian Unlimited Politics \| Special Reports \| Lord Shawcross dies at 101
		Lord Shawcross, who as Sir Hartley Shawcross was the dazzling Labour barrister-politician who led the British prosecution team at the Nazi war trials in Nuremberg, died yesterday at the age of 101.
		Although he had largely dropped out of public life, Lord Shawcross's reputation lived on for two brilliant speeches he made at Nuremberg and a soundbite he did not quite make as Labour's attorney general in the reforming Attlee government of 1954-51.
		He is survived by his third wife, Monique, and his children Joanna Hume and William Shawcross.
	politics.guardian.co.uk /labour/story/0,9061,996009,00.html (236 words)

	HARTLEY SHAWCROSS - TYPED NOTE SIGNED 11/29/1954
		Typed Note signed: "Hartley Shawcross", 1p, 4¼x3½ affixed to 4¾x4½ sheet.
		Shawcross, British Attorney-General (1945-1951), was the Chief British Prosecutor at the Nuremberg War Crimes Trials.
		Lightly creased, light diagonal crease touches "w" in Shawcross.
	www.galleryofhistory.com /archive/8_2003/law/HARTLEY_SHAWCROSS.htm (166 words)

	Hartley William Shawcross, Baron Shawcross (of Friston) Biography - Biography.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Hartley William Shawcross, Baron Shawcross (of Friston) Biography - Biography.com
		He studied at Dulwich College, was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1925, and lectured at Liverpool University (1927–34).
		He resigned his parliamentary seat in 1958, and was created a life peer in 1959.
	www.biography.com /search/article.jsp?aid=9481096 (126 words)

	Trials of German Major War Criminals: Volume 18
		PANNENBECKER: The latter interpretation was implied in the prosecution's presentation of the case by Sir Hartley Shawcross's remark that Article 6 of the Charter fills a gap in international penal procedure, but that the actual penal law to be applied to the defendants has already been previously standardised by positive laws.
		Equally to the point is Part II of the Charter, beginning with Article 6 and entitled: "Jurisdiction and General Principles," and it may be inferred therefrom that Article 6 is to establish a ruling as to the competence of this Tribunal as to procedure in specific groups of crimes.
		If, however, one is to proceed in such a manner, then a trial must ensue which is in keeping with the same principles of law concerning the question whether the deeds with which the defendants are charged are to be regarded as criminal
	www.nizkor.org /hweb/imt/tgmwc/tgmwc-18/tgmwc-18-176-06.shtml (2210 words)

	Sir Hartley Shawcross addressing the Tribunal at the Nuremberg War Crimes Trials.
		Sir Hartley Shawcross addressing the Tribunal at the Nuremberg War Crimes Trials.
		Title: Sir Hartley Shawcross addressing the Tribunal at the Nuremberg War Crimes Trials.
		The Harry S. Truman Library is one of eleven Presidential Libraries administered by the National Archives and Records Administration
	www.trumanlibrary.org /photographs/displayimage.php?pointer=2734 (44 words)

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