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	Harun al-Rashid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Harun was the son of al-Mahdi, the third 'Abbasid caliph (ruled 775–785), and al-Khayzuran, a former slave girl from Yemen and a woman of strong personality who greatly influenced affairs of state in the reigns of her husband and sons.
		Harun was strongly influenced by the will of his mother in the governance of the empire until her death in 789.
		Yahya had aided Harun in obtaining the caliphate, and he and his sons were in high favor until 798, when the caliph threw them in prison and confiscated their land.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Haroun_al-Raschid (1897 words)

	Harun Rashid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Harun was the son of al-Mahdi, the third 'Abbasid caliph (ruled 775–785), and al-Khayzuran, a former slave girl from Yemen and a woman of strongpersonality who greatly influenced affairs of state in the reigns of her husband and sons.
		Harun was strongly influenced by the will of his mother, al-Khayzuran inthe governance of the empire until her death in 789, and his vizier(chief-minister) Yahya the Barmakid (an Iranian family ofpriests), his sons and the Barmakids generally controlled the administration.
		In military matters, Harun was an excellent soldier and showed this ability as a young age when his father was still caliph.He later commanded an army of ninety-five thousand Arabs and Persians, sent by his father to invade the Eastern Roman Empire, which was then ruled by the Empress Irene.
	www.therfcc.org /harun-rashid-260670.html (1248 words)

	Harun al-Rashid
		Harun was strongly influenced by the will of his mother, al-Khayzuran in the governance of the empire until her death in 789, and his vizier(chief-minister) Yahya the Barmakid (an Iranian family of priests), his sons and the Barmakids generally controlled the administration.
		Yahya, a Barmakid, had aided Harun in obtaining the caliphate, and he and his sons were in high favor until 798, when the caliph threw them in prison and confiscated their land; the reasons for this are not known, but it was probably a result of an extended intrigue by the Arab group at court.
		Harun built a palace in Baghdad, far grander and more beautiful than that of any caliph before him.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/harun_al_rashid (1417 words)

	Harun al-Rashid
		Harun al-Rashid was the fifth caliph of the Abbasid Empire, he ruled during its apogee, as described in The 1001 Nights.
		Harun was a great patron of art and learning, and is best known for the unsurpassed splendor of his court and lifestyle.
		Harun founded with his son and successor al-Ma'mum the Bayt al-Hikmah, House of Wisdom, in Baghdad, where works from classical Greece were translated, studied, and preserved.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/biography/Rashid.html (266 words)

	Harun ar-Rashid
		Harun's palace was enormous and contained a luxury that was in stark contrast to the modest living conditions of the average inhabitants in Baghdad.
		Harun's 23 year long reign was marked by long periods of peace in some regions, and several revolts in other regions.
		Harun gave Tunisia semi-autonomy in 800, which partly paved the ground for the disintegration of the caliph's power that was to follow in the coming centuries.
	www.i-cias.com /e.o/harun_r.htm (448 words)

	Harun al-Rashid
		Harun's empire included all SW Asia and the northern part of Africa, but by the end of his caliphate much of Africa had withdrawn from all but nominal obedience.
		Harun was repeatedly faced with insurrections in his empire.
		Harun was a munificent patron of letters and of arts, and under him Baghdad was at its apogee.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/people/A0822868.html (238 words)

	Harun al-Rashid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Harun is the hero of several of the stories of the famous book Arabian Nights.
		Harun's mother, al-Khayzuran, was outraged for the insult to her family.
		When Harun was only eighteen years old he showed such courage and skill as a soldier that his father, who was then caliph, allowed him to lead an army against the enemies of the Muslims; and he won many great victories.
	www.portaljuice.com /harun_al_rashid.html (1168 words)

	Harun al-Rashid
		Harun al-Rashid, "Harun the Orthodox", the fifth of the Abbasid caliphs of Bagdad, and the second son of the third caliph Mahdi.
		Rashid owed his succession to the throne to the prudence and sagacity of Yahya bin Khalid the Barmecide, his secretary, whom on his accession he appointed his lieutenant and grand vizier.
		Harun is best known to Western readers as the hero of many of the stories in the Arabian Nights; and in Arabic literature he is the central figure of numberless anecdotes and humorous stories.
	www.nndb.com /people/849/000092573 (526 words)

	10. Harun-al-Rashid Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Harun is the hero of several of the stories of the "Arabian Nights," a famous book, which perhaps you have read.
		When Harun was only eighteen years old he showed such courage and skill as a soldier that his father, who was then caliph, allowed him to lead an army against the enemies of the Mohammedans; and he won many great victories.
		But as he was getting ready to march once more into the Roman provinces a revolt broke out in one of the cities of his own kingdom; and while on his way to suppress it the great caliph died of an illness which had long given him trouble.
	www.inspirationalspeakers.us /books/MiddleAges/C12P1.shtml (1067 words)

	Harun al'Rashid
		Barely ten years before Harun's birth, al'Abbas [4] used his religious prestige to lead a revolt against the Umayyad caliphate, establishing the Abassid caliphate.
		In fact, Harun's father sent him, at the age of twenty, as commander of a force to suppress the Byzantine empire.
		Although Harun al'Rashid ruled during the Golden Age of Arabia, after and indeed during his rule the empire began to disintegrate, despite the advances he had promoted in medicine and education.
	www.hyperhistory.net /apwh/bios/b1alrashidharun.htm (1549 words)

	Custom written biography on Harun al-Rashid \| Essays on Harun al-Rashid
		Harun al-Rashid (766-809) was the fifth caliph of the Abbasid dynasty.
		During his reign the power and prosperity of the dynasty was at its height, though it has also been argued that its decline began at that time.In 750 the Abbasid dynasty replaced the Umayyad as rulers of the Islamic Empire, and for a generation they were busy consolidating their rule and overcoming internal disorders.
		The stories about Harun may be found in translations of the Arabian Nights (or Thousand and One Nights), with great differences between different versions.Glubb, John Bagot, Sir, Haroon al Rasheed and the great Abbasids, London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1976.
	www.swiftpapers.com /biographies/Harun_alRashid-29912.html (314 words)

	BMRC: Ocean & Marine Forecasting - Harun Rashid
		Rashid, M. 1996: Principal modes of the zonal mean circulation anomalies in the Southern Hemisphere.
		Rashid, H. and O. Alves, 2004: Interannual variability in a recent version of the BMRC AGCM.
		Rashid, M. 1996: Spatial and Temporal Variations of the Large-scale Circulation in the Southern Hemisphere.
	www.bom.gov.au /bmrc/ocean/staff/har/har.htm (670 words)

	AllRefer.com - Baghdad (Iraq Political Geography) - Encyclopedia
		Baghdad was founded (762) on the west bank of the Tigris by the Abbasid caliph Mansur, who made it his capital.
		Its commercial position became generally unrivaled and under the caliph Harun al-Rashid, Baghdad rose to become one of the greatest cities of Islam.
		After the death (809) of Harun the seat of the caliph was moved to Samarra; when the caliphate was returned later in the century, Baghdad had already been weakened by internal struggles.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/B/Baghdad.html (567 words)

	Harun Rashid’s blind oil market economics - Malaysiakini (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Harun has made a string of claims relating to the current crisis of the world oil price.
		Conversely, Harun mused if the United States and Britain have a military plan to pressure the (Arab) oil producing states in a bid to control the world oil price to a level that’s more sustainable, if not for the Western industrial economies, then at least for the world economy.
		Something else Harun ignores is the cartelisation of the world’s major oil companies and the cartel of oil producing countries.
	www.malaysiakini.com /letters/27864 (1413 words)

	Harun al-Rashid Biography / Biography of Harun al-Rashid Biography
		By 786 the reorganization of the empire was bearing fruit in greater trade and greater wealth, which made possible the luxury now associated with the caliphal court.
		Harun al-Rashid was born at Reyy near Teheran in 766 (or perhaps 763), the third son of the third Abbasid caliph, Mohammed al-Mahdi.
		As a boy, Harun was nominal leader of military expeditions against the Byzantines in 780 and 7.....
	www.bookrags.com /biography/harun-al-rashid (245 words)

	Harun al-Rashid -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia
		Although he was neither a great nor a good leader, Harun al-Rashid, who ruled Islam at the peak of its empire, was to gain fame because of the opulent luxury of his court and his lavish patronage of the arts.
		As a scholar and a poet, al-Rashid loved stories, and the storytellers who filled his court were happy to flatter the ruler by making him the hero of many of their tales.
		As a scholar and a poet, al-Rashid loved stories, and the storytellers who filled his court were happy to flatter the ruler by making him the hero of...
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-9274786 (623 words)

	WorldBook General Reference Encyclopedia > History > Ancient World > Middle East > Other Biographies > Harun al-Rashid > (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Reinterpreting Islamic Historiography : Harun - al - Rashid and the...
		Harun al - Rashid and the Narrative of the Abbasid Caliphate Tayeb El-Hibri.
		Harun al - Rashid and the narrative of the Abbasid Caliphate (Cambridge Studies in Islamic Civilization).- Cambridge: Cambridge UP 1999.
	www.surfablebooks.com /worldbookgeneral/History/Ancient%20World/Middle%20East/Other%20Biographies/Harun%20al-Rashid/1.htm (340 words)

	THE BOOK OF THE THOUSAND NIGHTS AND A NIGHT - HARUN AL-RASHID AND THE DAMSEL AND ABU NOWAS.
		HARUN AL-RASHID AND THE DAMSEL AND ABU NOWAS.
		The Caliph, Commander of the Faithful, Harun al-Rashid, being one night exceedingly restless and thoughtful with sad thought, rose from his couch and walked about the by-ways of his palace, till he came to a chamber, over whose doorway hung a curtain.
		The Caliph wondered even more at this, saying, "How came this fl by such wine-service?" Then, drawing near the bedstead, he found that it was a girl lying asleep there, curtained by her hair; so he uncovered her face and saw that it was like the moon, on the night of his fulness.
	www.globusz.com /ebooks/1001v4/00000036.htm (1096 words)

	The History of al Tabari : Vol. 30 : The 'Abbasid Caliphate in Equilibrium: The Caliphates of Musa al-Hadi and Harun ...
		The main stresses were internal, including Shi'ite risings on behalf of the excluded house of 'Ali, and revolts by the radical equalitarian Kharijites; but none of these was serious enough to affect the basic stability of the caliphate.
		Harun al-Rashid's caliphate has acquired in the West, under the influence of a misleading picture from the Arabian Nights, a glowing image as a golden age of Islamic culture and letters stemming from the Caliph's patronage of the exponents of these arts and sciences.
		Harun's Assumption of the Caliphate on Musa al-Hadi's Death
	www.onlineislamicstore.com /b3059.html (1033 words)

	AllRefer.com - Harun al-Rashid (Middle Eastern History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Harun al-Rashid[hArOOn Ar-rAshEd´] Pronunciation Key [Arab.,=Aaron the Upright], c.764–809, 5th and most famous Abbasid caliph (786–809).
		The most famous incident of his career was the fall of the Barmakids, a Persian family that had become very powerful under Mahdi.
		He became a great figure to the Arabs, who tell about him in many of the stories of the Thousand and One Nights.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/H/HarunalR.html (380 words)

	Working Dogs Book Store - Harun Rashid
		Reinterpreting Islamic Historiography: Harun al-Rashid and the Narrative of the [Abbasid.sup.[subset]] Caliphate.(Review) : An article from: The Journal of the American Oriental Society
		Reinterpreting Islamic Historiography : Harun al-Rashid and the Narrative of the Abbasid Caliphate (Cambridge Studies in Islamic Civilization)
		Monitoring the 1997 flood in the Red River Valley using hydrologic regimes and RADARSAT imagery.
	www.workingdogs.com /bookstore/us/books/author/Harun+Rashid.htm (148 words)

	Discover Islam and Muslims - Inspirational Short Stories - The Rose and Caliph Harun Rashid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		There is a story that Charlemagne sent a most perfect rose as a gift to the caliph Harun Rashid.
		He gave it to his gardener and told him to plant it with great care and as soon as the first rose came from it to bring it to him.
		He told the gardener not to worry for the punishment of the crow will be the same as that of the rose.
	www.islamic-paths.org /Home/English/Discover/Short_Stories/Rose_Caliph.htm (327 words)

	Arabian Nights: 15 Tale 4 - NIGHT ADVENTURE OF HARUN AL-RASHID AND THE YOUTH MANJAB>
		Accordingly Harun al-Rashid entered and found a mansion of kingly degree [FN#114] and of marvellous ordinance in the utmost that could be of beauty and ornament and five fl slaves and as many Eunuchs were standing in the saloon to offer their services.
		Moreover, O our lord, the youth hath no default at all and the offence is from us, for that he forbade and forefended us and wrote up in many a place the warning words, Whoso speaketh of what concerneth him not, shall hear what pleaseth him not.
		Hereat the heart of the young man fluttered.--And Shahrazad was surprised by the dawn of day and fell silent and ceased saying her permitted say.
	www.wollamshram.ca /1001/Sn_5/15tale4.htm (6019 words)

	Geography and Earth Science Faculty - Dr. Harun Rashid
		Dr Harun Rashid is the newest Professor and Chair of the Department of Geography and Earth Science.
		Dr Rashid has published extensively in peer-reviewed journals, with nearly sixty refereed and non-refereed published items.
		As of 2004, he has started using RASHID (the correct spelling) as his last name in all of his publications.
	www.uwlax.edu /geography/html/rashid.htm (1120 words)

	Jawaharlal Nehru: Baghdad and Harun al-Rashid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Abbaside Empire was at the height of its outward glory during the reign of Haruna al-Rashid from 786 to 809 A.C. Embassies came to Harun from the Emperor of China and Emperor Charlemagne in the West.
		Baghdad and the Abbaside dominions were far in advance of the Europe of those days, except for Arab Spain, in all the arts of government, in trade, and in the development of learning.
		Soon after the death of Harun al-Rashid trouble came to the Arab Empire.
	www.globalwebpost.com /farooqm/study_res/nehru/abbasid.html (1984 words)

	Harun Rashid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Dr Harun Rashid is Professor of Geography and Associate Vice-President (Research) at Lakehead University.
		His research interests are primarily in floodplain management, water management, and collaborative research in choice modelling.
		Dr Rashid is Co-Director of a multi-disciplinary, multi-university and multi-community CURA (Community University Research Alliance) project on "Sustainable Floodplain Management in the Red River Basin, Southern Manitoba
	www.wcdm.org /wcdm_rash.html (57 words)

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