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Topic: Harvard Mark I

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	Harvard Mark I - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Mark I was followed by the Harvard Mark II (1947 or 1948), Mark III/ADEC (September 1949), and Harvard Mark IV (1952) – all the work of Aiken.
		The Mark III used some electronic components and the Mark IV was all-electronic, using solid-state components.
		The Mark I was eventually disassembled, although portions of it remain at Harvard in the Cabot Science Center.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Harvard_Mark_I (592 words)

	Howard Aiken - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Harvard Mark I / IBM ASCC, left side.
		He continued his work on the Mark III and the Harvard Mark IV.
		The Mark III and Mark IV used magnetic drum memory and the Mark IV also had magnetic core memory.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Howard_Aiken (317 words)

	The Harvard-Yale Regatta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		That all changed when Yale issued a challenge to Harvard "to test the superiority of the oarsmen of the two colleges." Thus the oldest intercollegiate athletic event was born.
		Harvard won the race easily, as Yale's stroke was taken from the shell at the three-mile mark.
		Harvard's final win in that 18-year run saw the Crimson establish a course record that stands to this day, with a time of 18:22.4 in its two-length victory.
	hcs.harvard.edu /~harvcrew/Website/History/HY (1113 words)

	Encyclopedia: Harvard Mark I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Harvard, see Harvard (disambiguation) Harvard University is a private university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA and a member of the Ivy League.
		The Harvard Mark II was an electromechanical computer built at Harvard University under the direction of Howard Aiken and was finished in 1947.
		The Harvard Mark IV was an electronic stored-program computer built by Harvard University under the supervision of Howard Aiken for the United States Air Force.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Harvard-Mark-I (1495 words)

	Mark I and the ENIAC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Harvard Mark I, also known as the IBM Automatic Secuence Controlled Calculator is said to be a monument in the development of the art of computing.
		Mark I was a very flexible machine, although it was not that automatical as its original name suggests, while much of its operation had to be set manually.
		Mark I was, in modern terms, a parallel synchronous calculator with a word length of 24; 23 decimal digits and one sign.
	www.inf.fu-berlin.de /lehre/SS01/hc/eniac (4272 words)

	Harvard Football: Features (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Harvard is again championing a balanced offensive attack, gaining 288.6 yards per game through the air (9th in the country) and 185.0 yards on the ground.
		Harvard has scored 268 points this season, and its 33.5 ppg is 19th in the country and second in the Ivy League.
		Harvard is averaging 185.0 rushing yards per game this fall, well ahead of last year's mark of 167.3 yards that led the Ivy League (when all-time leading rusher Chris Menick '00 was in the backfield).
	www.people.fas.harvard.edu /~athletic/football/gamenotes/gamenotes7.html (4824 words)

	ascc (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Harvard Mark I also known as the IBM ASCC, the Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator was long thought to be the first large scale automatic digital computer, until after World War II the Z3 by Konrad Zuse was discovered.
		The most famous operator / programmer of the Harvard Mark I was Grace Hopper.
		Other universities have their "Mark I" computers as well, but the Harvard Mark I is generally described as "the" Mark I. See Also
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /ASCC.html (194 words)

	Harvard Gazette: Harvard to mark anniversary of Sept. 11 with solemn remembrance
		Harvard Gazette: Harvard to mark anniversary of Sept. 11 with solemn remembrance
		Harvard to mark anniversary of Sept. 11 with solemn remembrance
		All Harvard affiliates and friends of the University are invited to gather as Harvard, along with institutions and communities throughout the nation, marks the day on which terrorist attacks in New York, Washington, and Pennsylvania killed thousands.
	www.news.harvard.edu /gazette/2002/08.22/19-sept11.html (231 words)

	looking.back -- August
		As great a contribution to the development of computers as was the Harvard Mark I (ASCC), Aiken and Watson never really resolved their differences, Aiken refusing to sign a non-disclosure agreement some years later when Watson's son provided the opportunity to make amends by hiring Aiken as a consultant.
		The IBM ASCC or the Harvard Mark I was the first of a series of four computers associated with Howard Aiken.
		Mark I and Mark II were electromagnetic, using relays but Mark III and Mark IV had a variety of electronic components including vacuum tubes and solid-state transistors.
	ei.cs.vt.edu /~history/50th/August.html (1683 words)

	History of Computing Science: Harvard Mark I
		Aiken's machine, called the Harvard Mark I, handled 23-decimal-place numbers (words) and could perform all four arithmetic operations; moreover, it had special built-in programs, or subroutines, to handle logarithms and trigonometric functions.
		Although the Mark I used IBM rotating counter wheels as key components in addition to electromagnetic relays, the machine was classified as a relay computer.
		The Harvard Mark I was the first of a series of computers designed and built under Aiken's direction.
	www.eingang.org /Lecture/hmark1.html (177 words)

	Harvard Mark I - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The IBM ASCC, the Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator, called the Mark I by Harvard, was the first large scale automatic digital computer in the USA.
		The ASCC was devised by Howard H. Aiken, created at IBM, shipped to Harvard in February 1944, and formally delivered there on August 7, 1944.
		It was built using 765,000 components, amounting to a size of 51 feet in length, 8 feet (2.4 meters) in height, and a weight of about 5 short tons (4500 kilograms).
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /harvard_mark_i.htm (130 words)

	The History of Computers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		History of Computers: During the 1940s the MARK series of computers were developed at Harvard University.
		The first of these computers, the Mark I, was put into operation in 1944 and was used until 1959 at Harvard.
		The Harvard Mark I computer could carry out five operations, addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and reference to previous results; moreover, it had special built-in programs, or subroutines, to handle logarithms and trigonometric functions.
	www.cyberiapc.com /cmphistory/mark1.htm (242 words)

	Howard Aiken - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Howard Hathaway Aiken is considered one of the pioneers of the computer field, being the primary engineer behind IBM's Harvard Mark I computer.
		He was born on March 9, 1900 in Hoboken, New Jersey and passed away on March 14 1973 in St. Louis, Missouri.
		He spent most of his life improving the Mark I and with all of that time he made the Mark II, Mark III, and the Mark IV.
	www.sterlingheights.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Howard_Aiken (267 words)

	HARVARD COLLEGE v HARVARD BIOSCIENCE INC - Legal Case Documents
		Harvard Bioscience denies that plaintiff's mark is distinctive as alleged.
		Harvard Bioscience is the successor by merger and purchase to the
		This is an action by Harvard University for federal trademark infringement, unfair competition, dilution and cybersquatting in violation of the Lanham Act, 15 U.S.C $6 1114, 1125(a), 1125(c), and 1125(d), and related violations of the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
	www.legalcasedocs.com /120/253/868.html (1151 words)

	Early 20th Century Computing
		It was finished in 1943 and was donated to Harvard where it became known as the Harvard Mark I. Data was read from tape and and addition or subtraction took 0.3 seconds due to the mechanical nature of the machine.
		The Harvard Mark II was finished in 1947 and was much faster than the Mark I due to the fact that it used relays as opposed to the rotating switches.
		The ENIAC was in many respects an electronic equivalent of the Harvard Mark I. It used 18,000 vacuum tubes and weighed 30 tons.
	www.csn.ul.ie /~darkstar/history/history.html (1197 words)

	The History of Computers: The Mark I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The first of these computers - the Mark I - was put into operation 1944 and was used until 1959 at Harvard.
		The Harvard Mark I computer could carry out five operations, addition, substraction, multiplication, division and reference to previous results; moreover, it had special built-in programs, or subroutines, to handle logarithms and trigonometric functions.
		Like the earliest mechanical computers, the data to be used in a Mark computer was stored in a separate part of the machine from the instructions (or program) that would operate on the data.
	fht-esslingen.de /studentisches/Computer_Geschichte/grp4/marki.html (250 words)

	Harvard Football: Features (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Harvard's eight Ivy losses going back to the 1998 Yale game are by a total of 28 points-an average margin of defeat of 3.5 points which includes three one-point setbacks.
		Harvard has finished.500 or better each of the past three seasons and is 33-17 (.660) in its last 50 games dating back to the 1996 Yale contest.
		Mark Balestracci, the younger brother of Harvard linebacker Dante Balestracci, is a freshman wide receiver at Holy Cross...
	www.people.fas.harvard.edu /~athletic/football/gamenotes/gamenotes19.html (4069 words)

	Inventor Howard Aiken
		Howard Hathaway Aiken with his colleagues at Harvard - and with some assistance from International Business Machines - by 1944 he had built the Mark I, the world’s first program-controlled calculator; an early form of a digital computer, it was controlled by both mechanical and electrical devices.
		Although he went on to build the Mark II (1947) and other computers, they would soon be made obsolete by more advanced electronics.
		The Harvard Mark I also known as the IBM, ASCC, the Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator was the first widely known and influential large scale automatic digital computer The IBM ASCC Reference room has tons of information on the Mark i or Harvard Mark I or the IBM ASCC.
	www.ideafinder.com /history/inventors/aiken.htm (496 words)

	Howard Aiken's Harvard Mark I (the IBM ASCC)
		Howard Aiken's Harvard Mark I (the IBM ASCC)
		Mark I is considered to be the first digital computer, its architecture was significantly different from modern machines.
		The device consisted of many calculators which worked on parts of the same problem under the guidance of a single control unit.
	www.maxmon.com /1939ad.htm (363 words)

	Mark and Jie's Journey to B-School
		This is the story of a couple from Texas, Mark and Jie (pronounced 'J'), who started the MBA application process in August, 2003.
		Mark applied to five schools and decided to attend Harvard.
		Mark's postings occur in fl and Jie's are in blue.
	markandjie.blogspot.com (1940 words)

	Mark Christopher Custom Shirts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Mark Lingley President and Founder of Mark Christopher attended Harvard from 1976 to 1978 and studied English.
		Mark’s parents where furious that he left Harvard so he had to pay for design school on his own.
		Mark would like to thank his loyal clients that have stood by him for all these years, and is deeply saddened that so many people he knew and worked with on a daily basis lost their lives in the World Trade Center attacks.
	www.markchristophercustomshirts.com /about.htm (237 words)

	Computer History
		One early success was the Harvard Mark I computer which was built as a partnership between Harvard and IBM in 1944.
		One of the primary programmers for the Mark I was a woman, Grace Hopper.
		Hopper found the first computer "bug": a dead moth that had gotten into the Mark I and whose wings were blocking the reading of the holes in the paper tape.
	www.computersciencelab.com /ComputerHistory/HistoryPt3.htm (1825 words)

	HGCI Newsletter @ Harvard Green Campus Initiative (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Harvard President Lawrence H. Summers announced a new renewable energy fund to promote the development of renewable energy on campus that administrators hope will make Harvard the nation's top university purchaser of renewable energy while also funding important research into...
		Danny Beaudoin is the kind of cutting edge professional at Harvard University that is always embracing new technologies and innovative processes while challenging his peers to do the same.
		Plans are now well under way for the Harvard Green Campus Initiative to partner with students from across Harvard to run a large conference in the Spring of 2006, focusing upon the implementation of Harvard's Campus Sustainability...
	www.greencampus.harvard.edu /newsletter (1072 words)

	Harvard Mark I Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
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	www.variedtastes.com /encyclopedia/Harvard_Mark_I (770 words)

	CID at Harvard University :: Mark Medish bio (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Mark Medish is a partner of the international law firm Akin, Gump, Strauss, Hauer and Feld, L.L.P. Mr.
		He has held adjunct faculty appointments in various fields at Harvard, Georgetown and John Hopkins universities and was a fellow at the Japan Institute for International Affairs in Tokyo, 1990-1991.
		Copyright ©2001 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College.
	www.cid.harvard.edu /events/events_pages/051001events.html (258 words)

	Aiken, Howard (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		His early research at Harvard in the 1930s was sponsored by the Navy Board of Ordnance and in 1939 he and three IBM engineers were placed under contract to develop a machine to produce mathematical tables and to assist the ballistics and gunnery divisions of the military.
		The Harvard Mark I was principally a mechanical device, although it had a few electronic features; it was 15 m/49 ft long and 2.5 m/8 ft high, and weighed more than 30 to nes.
		The Mark II, completed 1947, was a fully electronic machine, requiring only 0.2 sec for addition and 0.7 sec for multiplication.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/A/Aiken/1.html (199 words)

	IBM Archives: IBM's ASCC (a.k.a. The Harvard Mark I)
		No, those dimensions actually describe the IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (ASCC) -- also known as the Harvard Mark I -- the largest electromechanical calculator ever built and the first automatic digital calculator in the United States.
		Conceived in the 1930s by Howard H. Aiken, a graduate student in theoretical physics at Harvard University, the ASCC was developed and built by IBM during World War II.
		Progress on the ASCC at IBM's North Street Laboratory in Endicott, N.Y., was slowed by other wartime demands, but the machine eventually was shipped to Harvard in February 1944, assembled and formally presented to the university on August 7 of that year.
	www-1.ibm.com /ibm/history/exhibits/markI/markI_intro.html (236 words)

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