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| | Early Medieval Period |
 | | A rebellion in Toledo was quelled by Amrus Ibn Yusuf, the governor appointed by Caliph al Hakam. |
 | | A Berber named Tariq ibn Malik led a Muslim raiding party across the narrow eight mile straits from North Africa into Spain, or, al-Andalus, as the Muslims called it (the word is etymologically linked to "Vandals" -- Philip Hitti, History of the Arabs, Tenth Edition (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1970), 498). |
 | | It was the fourth holiest mosque in Islam after those in Mecca, Medina, and Jerusalem and included a tomb believed to contain the head of John the Baptist. |
| www.nmhschool.org /tthornton/mehistorydatabase/early_medieval_periods.htm |
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