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Topic: Hasdai ibn Shaprut

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	Hasdai ibn Shaprut - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hasdai was sent to the court of Navarre; and he succeeded after a long struggle in persuading the queen to go to Córdoba with her son and grandson, in order to prostrate herself before the caliph, her old enemy, and implore the aid of his arms (958).
		Hasdai sent rich presents to the yeshiva of Sura and that of Pumbedita, and corresponded with Dosa, the son of Saadia Gaon.
		Hasdai marks the beginning of the florescence of Andalusian Jewish culture, and the rise of poetry and of the study of Hebrew grammar among the Spanish Jews.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hasdai_ibn_Shaprut (787 words)

	[No title]
		Hasdai ibn Shaprut To the extent that there was a Golden Age in Cordova, it can be attributed to Hasdai ibn Shaprut (910-970 or 905-975) the court physician to Abdurahman III.
		Hasdai ibn Shaprut was the patron of Jewish culture in Cordova, supporting the position of a court Hebrew poet who served as his Hebrew secretary.
		According to a legend reported in Gedalia ibn Yahia's sixteenth century Shalshelet hakabbalah, he reached Jerusalem where a passing Muslim horseman trampled him to death as he was reciting one of his odes to Zion, a legend that omits the fact that at that time the land of Israel was in Crusader hands.
	www.hebroots.org /hebrootsarchive/9805/980513_a.html (4147 words)

	Rabbi Hasdai Ibn Shaprut (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		915-970 CE Hasdai Ibn Shaprut (HISDAI ABU YUSUF BEN ISAAC BEN EZRA IBN SHAPRUT) was the first of the Jewish dignitaries to serve the Arab caliphs.
		Hasdai was responsible for translating the Latin to Arabic.
		Hasdai helped to transfer Jewish culture and religious authority, including the setting of the calendar, from Babylonia to Spain.
	isfsp.org /sages/shaprut.html (520 words)

	Jewish History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		This may have been due to the influence of Hasdai ibn Saprut, who used his position to persuade Constantine.
		Ibn Ya'qub, a geographer and historian, is noted for his detailed account of the lives of the people in the places he visited, including their diets and physical conditions.
		Ibn Nagrela is the author of a Biblical Hebrew dictionary.
	www.jewishhistory.org.il /900.htm (2543 words)

	biology - Hasdai ibn Shaprut (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.netlab.uky.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Hasdai arranged the alliances formed by the calif with foreign powers, and he received the envoys sent by the latter to Cordova.
		Hasdai rendered important services to his master by his treatment of an embassy headed by Abbot Johannes of Göritz, sent to Cordova in 956 by Otto I. The caliph, fearing that the letter of the German emperor might contain matter derogatory to Islam, commissioned Hasdai to open the negotiations with the envoys.
		Hasdai was sent to the court of Navarre; and he succeeded after a long struggle in persuading the queen to go to Cordova with her son and grandson, in order to prostrate herself before the caliph, her old enemy, and implore the aid of his arms (958).
	www.biologydaily.com.cob-web.org:8888 /biology/Hisdai_ibn_Shaprut (708 words)

	The routes of al-Andalus: Background
		The scholar, doctor and man of letters Ibn al-Kattânî, the Jewish doctor Hasdai ibn Shaprût and the Christian Rabi'ibn Zaid, were assembled there, all of them with the task of studying the book of Dioscorides.
		These manifestations of tolerance under the caliphate did not decline during the period of the taifa kingdoms, and there is no lack of even later examples, notwithstanding the new situation of confrontation that was to put an end to cohabitation in Islamic al-Andalus and lead later to the establishment of the courts of the Inquisition.
		To this important legacy of Ibn Hazm and al-Bâjî must be added a sixth-century AH/twelfth-century dialogue between Ibn 'Abduzzamad al-Qurzubî and scholars in Toledo, and the dispute that took place in the city of Murcia between the historian and man of letters Ibn Râshiq al-Mursî and an Arabist Dominican, Raymond Marti.
	www.unesco.org /culture/al-andalus/html_eng/benchrifa.shtml (1322 words)

	II CONVERSION 1
		It served the dual purpose of scholarly discourse in Hebrew (analogous to the use of mediaeval Latin in the West) and as a written alphabet for the various languages spoken in Khazaria (analogous to the use of the Latin alphabet for the various vernaculars in Western Europe).
		This is the so-called "Khazar Correspondence": an exchange of letters, in Hebrew, between Hasdai Ibn Shaprut, the Jewish chief minister of the Caliph of Cordoba, and Joseph, King of the Khazars or, rather, between their respective scribes.
		Hasdai was a true uomo universale centuries before the Renaissance who, in between affairs of state, still found the time to translate medical books into Arabic, to correspond with the learned rabbis of Baghdad and to act as a Maecenas for Hebrew grammarians and poets.
	www.sigler.org /sirius8/13conversion.htm (6975 words)

	Sample Chapter for Ibn Gabirol, S.; Cole, P., trans.: Selected Poems of Solomon Ibn Gabirol.
		Ibn Hazm is best known for his Ring of the Dove, a psychologically astute treatise detailing the signs and stages of love, but he is also the author of a vast work on comparative religion and at least one qasida that recalls Ibn Gabirol's greatest poem, Kingdom's Crown.
		Ibn Abitur's lone innovation was major: he was the first poet to develop the lyrical preludes, or reshuyot, to hitherto neglected parts of the Sabbath and festival morning liturgy.
		Ibn Abitur's contemporary, the first exclusively "professional" and secular Hebrew poet of the period, Yitzhak Ibn Khalfon, who was born in North Africa and raised in Córdoba in the latter third of the tenth century.
	pup.princeton.edu /chapters/s6933.html (9236 words)

	13appendix
		Ibn Hawkal's account, for instance, written circa 977, is based almost entirely on Istakhri's, written around 932; which in turn is supposed to be based on a lost work by the geographer el-Balkhi, who wrote around 921.
		Hasdai's Letter was apparently written between 954 and 961, for the embassy from Eastern Europe that he mentions (Chapter III,3-4) is believed to have visited Cordoba in 954, and Caliph Abd-al-Rahman, whom he mentions as his sovereign, ruled till 961.
		Hasdai ibn-Ishaq[Arab version of Hasdai's* name.] thinks that this great long mountain [the Caucasus] is connected with the mountains of Armenia and traverses the country of the Greeks, extending to Khazaran and the mountains of Armenia.
	www.sigler.org /sirius8/13appendix.htm (5987 words)

	Part 24 - Know Your Enemy - Message Board - ezboard.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		.....Hasdai ibn Shaprut, who was foreign minister to Abd al-Rahman, Sultan of Cordova, in his letter to King Joseph of the Chazars (about 960), relates that the first information about that kingdom was communicated to him by envoys from Khorassan, and that their statements were corroborated by the ambassadors from Byzantim.
		Hasdai determined to avail himself of the services of the Byzantine embassy to transmit his letter to the king of the Chazars, and with that view he despatched Isaac ben Nathan with valuable gifts to the emperor, requesting him to aid Isaac in his journey to Chazaria.
		.....Hasdai then decided to send his message by way of Jerusalem, Nisibis, Armenia, and Bardaa, but the envoys of the king of the Gebalim (Goleslav I of Bohemia), who had then just arrived in Cordova, and among whom were two Jews, Saul and Joseph, suggested a different plan.
	p076.ezboard.com /ftb2kfulltopicfrm51.showMessage?topicID=33.topic (4858 words)

	UJCL - Curaçao: 350 Years
		Ibn Shaprut spoke Latin and Roman, knew the Scriptures well and had high regard for scholars of rabbinical law.
		Ibn Shaprut was one of those who helped make Cordoba one the three great cities of the world, together with Baghdad and Constantinople.
		Dunash ibn Labrat was an extraordinary poet who revolutionized Biblical poetry writing using Arabic metrics: the themes were often descriptions of wine feasts, the lad who poured the wine, and reflections on life itself.
	www.ujcl.org /curacao/350years (3174 words)

	Pakistan Link - Letter & Opinion
		Menocal in her book relates the story of the rise of Hasdai ibn Shaprut, a Jewish scholar, rabbi, physician and nobleman who was eloquent in Arabic, spoke several languages and had absorbed remarkably well the twin cultures, Arab and Jewish Andalusian.
		Shaprut became his personal physician besides being the foreign minister and Chief diplomat of the Islamic Caliphate of Cordoba.
		There is the fascinating tale of a young Cordoban Jew, Samuel Nagid, (Ibn Nagrila in Arabic), an accomplished poet and learned man, who was forced to abandon his beloved city on 1013 in the wake of the Berber conquest of Cordoba to settle in the new taifa state of Granada.
	www.pakistanlink.com /Letters/2004/Aug04/20/05.html (1301 words)

	Khazar Turks
		Ibn Shaprut was not only the personal physician of the Spanish Califs Abd-al-Rahman III (912-961) and his son Hakam II (961-976) but was also inspector-general of customs and an adviser in foreign affairs.
		I, Hasdai, son of Isaac, son of Ezra, belonging to the exiled Jews of Jerusalem in Spain, a servant of my lord the King, bow to the earth before him and prostrate myself towards the abode of your Majesty from a distant land.
		[Hasdai was happy: Christians could no longer say the Jews were without a country as a punishment for their rejection of Jesus.]....
	www.findthelinks.com /history/Khazar_Turks_Jews.htm (2295 words)

	JewishGates.Com - The Definitive Source for Talmudic Learning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Hisdai ibn Shaprut (915-970 CE) was the first known powerful Jewish politician under the Umayyads in Spain.
		Dunash ibn Labrat, the most outstanding of the Jewish poets living in Spain at that time, wrote poems dedicated to him.
		Moses, the chief rabbi of Cordoba, despite the (legitimate) challenge of Joseph ibn Abitur.
	www.jewishgates.com /file.asp?File_ID=328 (427 words)

	KHAZAR POLEMIC
		The earliest preserved account, dating from the 10th century, is the correspondence between the Khazar Kaghan Joseph (who already practiced Judaism) and Hasdai Ibn Shaprut, the minister of the caliph in Cordoba.
		Hasdai was a Jew and had asked the kaghan to describe the circumstances under which the Khazars had adopted the Jewish faith.
		The letter was written in approximately 950 by a Jew of Khazar origin to Minister Shaprut, as a supplement to Kaghan Bulan's letter to the same personage at the court of Cordoba.
	thor.prohosting.com /mila18/yellow/polemic.htm (1895 words)

	MiddleEast.org - Mid-East Realities
		Hasdai was in touch with the world through this privileged post, and he utilized his position to pursue his passion, which was to to exchange information with Judaic communities of the Diaspora, to assist those in difficulties and to find a refuge for the nation.
		Hasdai, and beleaguered Jews everywhere, sought desperately to find a realm where the Jews could live and practice their religion in freedom.
		Hasdai pressed them for information, met with Persian emissaries who reported on the kingdom to their north, and interrogated other envoys arriving at the court.
	www.middleeast.org /forum/fb-public/1/1520.shtml (1092 words)

	Chapter 15: Gog’s Invasion
		Koestler proves the genealogical connection between Togarmah and the Khazarian Jews by quoting from correspondence between King Joseph of the Khazars and Hasdai Ibn Shaprut, the Jewish doctor in the court of Cordova, Spain.
		This is the so-called ‘Khazar Correspondence’: an exchange of letters in Hebrew, between Hasdai Ibn Shaprut, the Jewish chief minister of the Caliph of Cordova, and Joseph, King of the Khazars—or, rather, between their respective scribes.
		To appreciate its significance a word must be said about the personality of Hasdai Ibn Shaprut—perhaps the most brilliant figure in the ‘Golden Age’ (900-1200) of the Jews in Spain.
	www.gods-kingdom.org /Birthright/Chapter15/Chapter15.htm (5024 words)

	Judaic 373 - Adelman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		To the extent that there was a Golden Age for the Jews of Cordova, it can be attributed to Hasdai ibn Shaprut (910-970 or 905-975), the court physician to Abdurahman III (912-961), the powerful caliph of Umayyid Spain.
		The concerns culminate with Hasdai's questions to the king about his knowledge of the coming of the messiah, an event he associates with the ascension of Jews to power.
		Before closing his letter, Hasdai made specific references to the account of Eldad the Danite, whom he remembered as having used only Hebrew and for reporting Jewish laws, thus establishing a clear line between the report of Eldad the Danite and Hasdai's attempt to join the Khazars.
	people.umass.edu /juda373/outlines/AdelmanJewishTravelers.html (5130 words)

	[No title]
		Hasdai Ibn Shaprut (10th cent), is generally regarded as the founder of the golden age in Muslim Spain.
		Yet we are surprised to discover, that Hasdai was less than happy with his lot.
		In his letter, after describing his wealth and accomplishments, Hasdai complains bitterly of the terrible humiliations suffered by himself and by all Jews at the hands of the Muslims.
	www.hebroots.org /hebrootsarchive/9803/980311_h.html (1721 words)

	Article Details (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Consider the case of Hasdai ibn Shaprut, born in Cordoba in 915.
		And this was no small-time caliph: during the lifetime of Abd al-Rahman III and Hasdai, the Ummayyad caliphate of Cordoba made its sweeping and plausible claim to absolute primacy within the house of Islam.
		Samuel ibn Nagrila was transformed from a prosperous merchant to powerful vizier of the taifa of Grenada.
	www.acjna.org /acjna/articles_detail.aspx?id=413 (4943 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		More than two centuries later, the report of the existence of this Jewish kingdom aroused the curiosity of Hasdai ibn Shaprut...the personal physician of the Spanish Califs Abd-al-Rahman III (912-961) and his son Hakam II (961-976) [and] inspector-general of customs and an adviser in foreign affairs.
		Kazarian King Joseph replied to Hasdai, saying his Kingdom did exist, practiced Judaism, and that he was
		First, Israel rejected the true God, worshipped "pagan" gods, lost her birthright and was CAST OUT of the Promised Land of Palestine.
	www.u-r-next.com /KHAZARIA.html (323 words)

	History of the Sephardic Jews
		Jews frequently served the government in official capacities and plkayed an active role in political and financial affairs.
		915-975) was counsellor to the caliphs of Córdoba, the Ibn Nagrelas were viziers of Granada, the Ibn Ezras, Ibn Megashs, and Ibn Albalias were high officials in Granada and Seville.
		Solomon ibn Gabirol, Moses ibn Ezra, and Judah ha-Levi were but the acknowledged supreme geniuses of a form of expression.
	www.orbilat.com /Languages/Spanish-Ladino/History/Ladino-History.htm (1910 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		There is another reference to Shaprut in Aba Eban's famous book, "My People", the history of Israel and the Jewish people.
		To learn more about Hasdai ibn Shaprut go to www.jewishgates.com Click on Moments in Jewish History and then select Jews in Spain, 755CE-960's CE.
		Also, there are letters he wrote at www.fordham.edu More information: Biography of Shaprut.
	home.hawaii.rr.com /hodara/historyLH/Dona.html (441 words)

	HASDAI IBN SHAPRUT - Online Information article about HASDAI IBN SHAPRUT
		HASDAI IBN SHAPRUT - Online Information article about HASDAI IBN SHAPRUT
		Search over 40,000 articles from the original, classic Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th Edition.
		IBN SHAPRUT, the founder of the new culture of the See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /HAN_HEG/HASDAI_IBN_SHAPRUT.html (194 words)

	JewishGates.Com - The Definitive Source for Talmudic Learning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Khazar King Joseph, in his Reply to Hasdai ibn-Shaprut (c.
		The Khazar king Joseph sent a letter to Hasdai ibn-Shaprut and informed him that he and all his people followed the rabbinical faith.
		We have seen descendants of the Khazars in Toledo, students of the wise, and they have told us that the remnant of them is of the rabbinical belief."
	www.jewishgates.com /file.asp?File_ID=18 (327 words)

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