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Topic: Hash algorithm

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hash tables

cryptographic hash function

hash collision

Keyed hash message authentication code

Tiger hash

Hash food

Distributed hash table

Pearson hashing

Perfect hash function

Tiger hash function

hash algorithm

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	What is hashing? - A Word Definition From the Webopedia Computer Dictionary
		A hash value (or simply hash), also called a message digest, is a number generated from a string of text.
		The hash is substantially smaller than the text itself, and is generated by a formula in such a way that it is extremely unlikely that some other text will produce the same hash value.
		Hashes play a role in security systems where they're used to ensure that transmitted messages have not been tampered with.
	www.webopedia.com /TERM/h/hashing.html (248 words)

	What is the strongest hash algorithm?
		Hashes are typically referred to as one way hashes, this simply refers to the fact that they are very difficult to reverse.
		Hashing differs to encryption because the resulting hash is normally smaller than the original, whereas an encrypted document is a similar size.
		For a hashing algorithm to be considered secure it should have double the amount of calculations required to solve it in a feasible time.
	www.kellermansoftware.com /t-articlestrongesthash.aspx (1721 words)

	SHA - Secure Hash Algorithm
		Secure Hash Algorithm, a message digest algorithm developed by the NSA for use in the Digital Signature standard, FIPS number 186 from NIST.
		SHA is an improved variant of MD4 producing a 160-bit hash.
		An algorithm similar to the MD5 algorithm, but its checksums are 160 bits long and have different properties.
	www.auditmypc.com /acronym/SHA.asp (672 words)

	.:: General Purpose Hash Function Algorithms - By Arash Partow ::.
		When algorithms which contain hash functions are analyzed it is generally assumed that hash functions have a complexity of O(1), that is why look-ups for data in a hash-table are said to be of O(1) complexity, where as look-ups of data in maps (Red-Black Trees) are said to be of O(logn) complexity.
		It is a simple hash function using a strange set of possible seeds which all constitute a pattern of 31....31...31 etc, it seems to be very similar to the DJB hash function.
		An empirical result which demonstrated the distributive abilities of the hash algorithm was obtained using a hash-table with 100003 buckets, hashing The Project Gutenberg Etext of Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, the longest encountered chain length was 7, the average chain length was 2, the number of empty buckets was 4579.
	www.partow.net /programming/hashfunctions/index.html (1801 words)

	SecurityStats.Com Awareness Tools - Dictionary Based Hash Lookup
		Hash algorithms are fundamental to many cryptographic applications.
		MD5: is an algorithm that is used to verify data integrity through the creation of a 128-bit message digest from data input (which may be a message of any length) that is claimed to be as unique to that specific data as a fingerprint is to the specific individual.
		MD4: is an earlier version of MD5, an algorithm used to verify data integrity through the creation of a 128-bit message digest from data input (which may be a message of any length) that is claimed to be as unique to that specific data as a fingerprint is to the specific individual.
	www.securitystats.com /tools/hashcalc.php (518 words)

	Hashing Concepts and the Java Programming Language: Library Hash Functions
		To finish the mixing the resulting hash value must be divided by an odd number and the remainder used as the operational hash.
		hash function has the advantage that it is fast to compute, it seems to work well for an ASCII character string domain, and it has a broad range for which it works.
		Using McKenzie's techniques for measurement I found a hash algorithm that requires the use of a random table 256 words large, where a word is defined as the maximum data size that an XOR function can be applied to easily in the programming language.
	www.serve.net /buz/hash.adt/java.002.html (955 words)

	mhash(3): Hash Library - Linux man page
		is a one-way hashing algorithm with variable length of output.
		The algorithm(s) specified in algorithm_data.hash_algorithm, should be hash algorithms and may be used by the key generation algorithm.
		The count field tells the algorithm to hash repeatedly the password and to stop when count bytes have been processed.
	www.die.net /doc/linux/man/man3/mhash.3.html (1156 words)

	mhash library
		is a one-way hashing algorithm with variable length of output.
		Saves the state of a hashing algorithm such that it can be restored at some later point in time using mhash_restore_state_mem().
		The count field tells the algorithm to hash repeatedly the password and to stop when count bytes have been processed.
	mhash.sourceforge.net /mhash.3.html (1182 words)

	A Hash Function for Hash Table Lookup
		Most of the two dozen old hashes I've replaced have had owners who wouldn't accept a new hash unless it was a plug-in replacement for their old hash, and was demonstrably better than the old hash.
		Zobrist hashes are especially favored for chess, checkers, othello, and other situations where you have the hash for one state and you want to compute the hash for a closely related state.
		This is the speed assuming the hash is inlined in a loop that has to walk through all the characters anyways, such as a tokenizer.
	burtleburtle.net /bob/hash/doobs.html (3913 words)

	HASH
		Hash can calculate the hash value for a single file, for files in an entire directory, files in an entire path, or files on an entire logical drive, or drives.
		The hash of a file can be used as a verification of the state of a file at a certain time.
		HASH defaults to calculate the hash values of all files in the current default directory, and all sub-directories.
	www.dmares.com /maresware/html/hash.htm (5702 words)

	Macromedia - Understanding Encrypt, ToBase64, and Hash
		The ColdFusion Encrypt function uses a symmetric key-based algorithm in which the key used to encrypt a string is the same key as the one used to decrypt the string.
		Whenever someone adds a new document, the content management system compares the hash values of existing documents with the hash value of the new document to ensure that it is not already in the system without having to compare the document with the complete contents of every other document.
		Hash also takes a fingerprint of a document, which you can then use to check to see if a document is already stored in a database.
	www.adobe.com /devnet/server_archive/articles/understanding_encrypt.html (1708 words)

	Perfect Hashing
		Hashing 4 keys takes up to 8 instructions, three take up to 4, two take up to 2, and for one the hash is always "return 0".
		Hash values will be in 0..n-1, where n the smallest power of 2 greater or equal to the number of keys.
		If the hash is good, the probability of success depends only on the size of the ranges of A and B compared to the number of keys.
	burtleburtle.net /bob/hash/perfect.html (2077 words)

	Tree Hash EXchange format (THEX)
		The Merkle Hash Tree, invented by Ralph Merkle, is a hash construct that exhibits desirable properties for verifying the integrity of files and file subranges in an incremental or out-of-order fashion.
		The same hash algorithm is used as the basis of each construct, but a single '1' byte in network byte order, or 0x01 is prepended to the input of the internal node hashes, and a single '0' byte, or 0x00 is prepended to the input of the leaf node hashes.
		If the the segment size is equal to or larger than the file to be hashed, the tree hash value is the value of the single segment's value, which is the same as the underlying hash algorithm value for the whole file.
	open-content.net /specs/draft-jchapweske-thex-02.html (2322 words)

	[No title]
		If you don't compute hash codes for each program or script that you execute and validate those hash codes periodically to ensure that those programs or scripts have not been changed, you really don't know whose code your computer is executing.
		One method to increase the data security provided by hash code and signature validation is to attach a ROM storage device to the computer to store sensitive data such as authentic hash codes or a key used for verifying signatures.
		A keyed hash code algorithm, like those derived from KeyedHashAlgorithm, would also add extra data security since an attacker would have to capture not only the secret key used with the AsymmetricAlgorithm to apply a valid signature to their replacement hash codes, but also the key used in the KeyedHashAlgorithm to compute the hash codes.
	msdn.microsoft.com /msdnmag/issues/02/09/ASPNETHashAlgorithms/default.aspx (2897 words)

	SHA1 version 1.0
		This document provides an overview of the Secure Hasing Algorithm, and details how a SHA1 digest is encoded in a Resource Reference Information Extension, providing the digest of a referenced web resource.
		The Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA), developed by NIST, along with the NSA, for use with the Digital Signature Standard (DSS) is specified within the Secure Hash Standard (SHS) [National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
		ie if you have a hash for document A, H(A), it is difficult to find a document B which has the same hash, and even more difficult to arrange that document B says what you want it to say.
	www.w3.org /PICS/DSig/SHA1_1_0.html (413 words)

	FNV hash
		The basis of the FNV hash algorithm was taken from an idea sent as reviewer comments to the IEEE POSIX P1003.2 committee by Glenn Fowler and Phong Vo.
		All that is needed is to use a larger FNV-1 hash and to move the mask outside of the expression on the final statement.
		To produce a hash range between 0 and X use a n-bit FNV hash where n is smallest FNV hash that will produce values larger than X without the need for xor-folding.
	www.isthe.com /chongo/tech/comp/fnv (4157 words)

	Securing Electronic Transactions Using SHA-1 Secure Hash Algorithm - Maxim/Dallas
		Of course, it is critical that the complex mathematical algorithm used is not reversible, since the attacker could run the operation in reverse and derive the secret.
		In fact, the choice of algorithm may be the single most important factor in judging the security of a challenge and response scheme.
		Then, by including this counter value in the input to the authentication algorithm, the monetary data, the device identity, and the monetary instance are all bound together.
	www.maxim-ic.com /appnotes.cfm/an_pk/1770 (2291 words)

	An Illustrated Guide to Cryptographic Hashes
		A "hash" (also called a "digest", and informally a "checksum") is a kind of "signature" for a stream of data that represents the contents.
		If the hash algorithm is properly designed and distributes the hashes uniformly over the output space, "finding a hash collision" by random guessing is exceedingly unlikely (it's more likely that a million people will correctly guess all the California Lottery numbers every day for a billion trillion years).
		As we've mentioned several times, "collisions" play a central role in the usefulness of a cryptographic hash, mainly in the sense that the easier it is to find a collision, the less useful the hash is. Some algorithms are better than others at avoiding collisions, and this is measured by three related attributes.
	www.unixwiz.net /techtips/iguide-crypto-hashes.html (3053 words)

	HASH Functions
		A "Hash function" is a complex encryption algorithm used primarily in cryptography, and is like a shortened version of full-scale encryption.
		Hash algorithms are written to avoid collisions, but some, such as MD5 - have been shown to have collisions.
		Hash algorithms take a long string (or message) of any length as input and produce a fixed length string as output; not all such are suitable for use in cryptography.
	www.infocellar.com /networks/Security/hash.htm (1512 words)

	Hash functions.
		I then subjected all realistic sub-bit patterns of the hash output to a simple statistical test and verified that it had a distribution equivalent to a uniformly random map.
		You initialize it, by initially setting hash to some constant (like 0, or some other number if you want to avoid 0 sinking) and you keep it going by feeding the incremental output of each call into the hash parameter of each successive call.
		This is straightforward enough to do, by accepting the "hash" value as a parameter, and initializing it with some non-zero constant (since the point is to assume that the length is not available until all the data is read).
	www.azillionmonkeys.com /qed/hash.html (2215 words)

	Integer Hash Function
		This implies when the hash result is used to calculate hash bucket address, all buckets are equally likely to be picked.
		One such use for this kind of hash function is to hash a 64 bit virtual address to a hash table index.
		The integer hash function can be used to post condition the output of a marginal quality hash function before the final address calculation is done.
	www.concentric.net /~Ttwang/tech/inthash.htm (1821 words)

	The Secure Hash Algorithm Directory - MD5, SHA-1, HMAC and other Cryptography Resources
		Hash algorithms are fundament to many cryptographic applications.
		Theoretically, MD5 and SHA1 are algorithms for computing a 'condensed representation' of a message or a data file.
		Note that The Hash Calculator itself was built using this toolset and that the Calculator will also give suggested formats for calling the DLLs when an operation is performed (in the bottom right hand corner of the window)!.
	www.secure-hash-algorithm-md5-sha-1.co.uk (696 words)

	Hash Algorithm
		HAVAL -- a one-way hashing algorithm with variable length of output, Y. Zheng, J. Pieprzyk and J. Seberry, Advances in Cryptology -- AusCrypt'92, LNCS 718, pp.
		Algorithm 9.55 RIPEMD-160 hash function, A. Menezes, P.C. van Oorschot, and S.A. Vanstone, Handbook of Applied Cryptography, CRC Press, 1997 (local copy).
		A new practical algorithm for the construction of a perfect hash function, M. Atici, D. Stinson, and R. Wei, Submitted to Algorithmica (local copy).
	cnscenter.future.co.kr /crypto/algorithm/hash.html (964 words)

	RFC 3174 (rfc3174) - US Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
		This document specifies a Secure Hash Algorithm, SHA-1, for computing a condensed representation of a message or a data file.
		The same hash algorithm must be used by the verifier of a digital signature as was used by the creator of the digital signature.
		No independent assertion of the security of this hash function by the authors for any particular use is intended.
	www.faqs.org /rfcs/rfc3174.html (2869 words)

	SSH - Support - Cryptography A-Z - Algorithms - Cryptographic Hash Functions
		Cryptographic hash functions are used in various contexts, for example to compute the message digest when making a digital signature.
		A hash function compresses the bits of a message to a fixed-size hash value in a way that distributes the possible messages evenly among the possible hash values.
		MD5 (Message Digest Algorithm 5) is a cryptographic hash algorithm developed at RSA Laboratories.
	www.ssh.com /support/cryptography/algorithms/hash.html (416 words)

	RFC 3174 (rfc3174) - US Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
		Abstract The purpose of this document is to make the SHA-1 (Secure Hash Algorithm 1) hash algorithm conveniently available to the Internet community.
		The SHA-1 is based on principles similar to those used by Professor Ronald L. Rivest of MIT when designing the MD4 message digest algorithm [MD4] and is modeled after that algorithm [RFC 1320].
		The message digest can then, for example, be input to a signature algorithm which generates or verifies the signature for the message.
	www.faqs.org /rfcs/rfc3174 (2869 words)

	ReHash
		This tool is ideal for webmasters who wish to provide their users hash values of their (downloadable) files.
		Algorithms are activated by using their short name as option name, so for example '-md5' would activate the MD5 algorithm, '-sha1' would activate the SHA-1 algorithm.
		Hash all BAT files on C:\ (including subdirectories) using only MD5 and SHA-1 (remember command-line is parsed from the left to the right):
	rehash.sourceforge.net /rehash.html (622 words)

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