Hash tree - Factbites

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Topic: Hash tree

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	Tiger-Tree Hash
		The Tiger-Tree Hash is calculated by applying the Tiger hash to 1024- byte blocks of a stream, then combining the interim values through a binary hash tree.
		A Tiger-Tree Hash is a type of cryptographic hash function ensuring that smaller parts of a file is both valid and free from corruption.
		Tiger-Tree Hashes are frequently used in file sharing software / protocols like Direct Connect, BearShare and Shareaza.
	www.mcfly.org /wik/Tiger-Tree_Hash

	NeoModus - Home of Direct Connect
		Tiger Tree Hashes allow Direct Connect to find alternate sources for the files in your queue.
		Tiger Tree Hash Support - 'Find More Sources'!
		An exact match occurs only when you have the tiger tree hash of the file in question and are able to find another client exporting that same tiger tree hash.
	www.neo-modus.com /?page=News

	Tigertree - infoAnarchy Wiki
		TigerTree is calculated by applying the Tiger hash to 1024-byte blocks of a stream, then combining the interim values through a binary hash tree.
		Tigertree is a hash tool implementing the TigerTree cryptographic hash.
		Tiger-Tree Hashing is a method to verify that small chunks of a file are valid, and free from corruption.
	www.infoanarchy.org /wiki/wiki.pl?action=edit&id=Tigertree

	Moonlight's eMule Tweaks Documentation: Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
		Extra top tree hash to secure the top tree to guarantee that the top tree is authentic.
		The tree is built from simple direct data hashes and each node is only aware of its two children nodes, meaning that a successful forgery (same hash, 'stealth corruption') of one data block or sub-tree top hash would be undetectable.
		While the basic idea of a tree is neat, a simple tree is no stronger than the hashes used so if Tiger later turns out to be not as secure as it was thought, a simple Tiger Tree could become easy prey.
	pages.infinit.net /moonligh/eMule/FAQs.html

	Tiger Hash implementation for MSX - MSX Resource Center
		The Tiger *Tree* hash (TTH) however is used quite frequently, on Bitzi.com and Direct Connect.
		Tiger is a 64-bits hashing algorithm with a 192-bit key (24 bytes).
		You can find the programs TIGERSUM and TGRBENCH, one to calculate tiger hashes of files with and the other to run a benchmark, on his homepage.
	www.msx.org /newspost2080.html

	Shareaza Forums - Do you have a file with Glitches you want to try to fix?
		The tiger tree data contains hashes of each small piece of the file.
		If you find a file with a different hash from the one you are sharing in your library, and is being shared by many users, and has a good rating, there is a good chance that it is 'clean' and free of glitches.
		Hi, what is important to remember is that files with the same 32 digit SHA-1 hash are the same files.
	forums.shareaza.com /showthread.php?s=&threadid=14086

	www.chessreviews.com - ChessReviews.com
		People that have conducted a fair amount of computer analysis know that some fairly wacky moves can appear, as one looks farther down the move tree.
		Tiger made quite a splash on the computer chess scene a few years ago, but it is no longer the brash new kid on the block.
		The thing I noticed most about the Tiger 15 engine analysis was that it seemed to be more accurate out past 4 ply than many other top engines.
	members.aol.com /rjpawlak/reviews/ChessTiger15.html

	simple_storm--benja: Simplify Storm by dropping headers
		Having a hash tree allows you to download pieces of a block from different sources, verifying each piece individually.
		RESOLVED: Bitprints are a combination of a SHA-1 hash with a Merkle hash tree based on the Tiger hash algorithm.
		Hash algorithms get broken; when one of the above is broken, you have a transitional period before the other is, too, in which you can e.g.
	himalia.it.jyu.fi /gzzdoc/pegboard/simple_storm--benja/peg.gen.html

	Tree Hash EXchange format (THEX)
		The Merkle Hash Tree, invented by Ralph Merkle, is a hash construct that exhibits desirable properties for verifying the integrity of files and file subranges in an incremental or out-of-order fashion.
		Such tree hash data structures assist in file integrity verification, allowing arbitrary subranges of bytes to be verified before the entire file has been received.
		This document describes a binary serialization format for hash trees that is compact and optimized for both sequential and random access.
	open-content.net /specs/draft-jchapweske-thex-02.html

	BitPrint - infoAnarchy Wiki
		- the " TigerTree " of the whole file (the newer "Tiger" secure hash, applied to the file broken up into 1K blocks, combined up through a binary hash tree) (24 bytes)
		They are usually written -- for human eyes, cutting and pasting, or in protocol transmissions -- as Base32- encoded values, a format which can express the binary data in less space than hexadecimal, but without adding the case-sensitivity and special characters of Base64.
	www.infoanarchy.org /wiki/wiki.pl?action=history&id=BitPrint

	Adagio (computer program)
		It behaves similar to a tracker in the BitTorrent protocol, by providing an initial source, SHA1 and Tiger-Tree Hash information, as well as alternate locations of the file in the network.
		It is a multi-OS client written in the Ada programming language.
	encyclopedia.codeboy.net /wikipedia/a/ad/adagio__computer_program_.html

	Rebel 12 chess package - Lokasoft
		The cdrom version of Rebel 12 comes with a giant chess tree of 55 million positions (size 600 Mb) in which the entire chess history of the last 160 years is stored.
		� Hash Table Usage : Column one, transpositions found for white in (K)ilobytes, Column 2 is for black, the third column is the percentage of the hash table that is filled.
		Exporting results from the chess tree is simple, click right on the EOC1 (or EOC2, EOC3) window -> Copy All and the entire contents of that window is stored on the Windows clipboard.
	www.lokasoft.com /rebel12.htm

	[p2p-hackers] security of variable block-length Merkle hash trees (SHA-1 vs. (SHA-512 % 2^160))
		For example, in the URN scheme I've proposed for tree hashes -- which is still under discussion -- these two values might be identified as: F1 urn:tree:tiger:ABCDABCDABCDABCDABCDABCDABCDABCDABCDABCDABCDABCDA F2 urn:tree:tiger/48:ABCDABCDABCDABCDABCDABCDABCDABCDABCDABCDABCDABCDA Even though the value-parts are identical, a program would know they aren't any more comparable than a SHA1 value and a RIPEMD160 value.
		Still thinking about it, it shouldn't be too exploitable for malicious purposes -- the isomorphism is only between longer files, and their own just-short-of-root generation hash products -- but this could cause confusion if not patched up or documented as a problem/special case.
		(Assuming that the underlying hash > outputs 24 bytes digests.) > > Let F1 be a string 2048 bytes long, composed of two equal length substrings s1 > and s2.
	zgp.org /pipermail/p2p-hackers/2002-November/000993.html

	Gtk-Gnutella - The Graphical Unix Gnutella Client
		Learn basics of Glib: lists and hash tables.
		The coding style we picked (mine, mostly) is not arbitrary: it is the one used most commonly in the industry.
		You can also learn the I/O stuff, but it is less important to master at first.
	gtk-gnutella.sourceforge.net /index.php?page=developers_howto

	Bitzi Bitzi Bitprint Definition
		Such a composited hash tree value allows compact proofs that file fragments combine to form the full file - a useful quality for verifying or resuming downloads-in-progress from unreliable peers, among other applications.
		TigerTree is based on the Tiger hash algorithm, applied to each 1024-byte block of a file, then combined up through a binary hash tree to a final summary value.
		We take both the SHA1 hash of a file, and the "TigerTree" hash of a file.
	ticket.bitzi.com /developer/bitprint

	[p2p-hackers] Re: human-oriented base-32 encoding
		Likewise, if someone gives you a Tiger tree hash of the contents and you need the SHA1 flat hash of the contents, then the ASCII encoding is irrelevant -- you can't use the data.
		Now in the future Mnet might do something with SHA1 hashes of files, or Gnutella might do something with Mnet dinodes (;-)), in which case a user might reasonably give the Mnet application a naked base32 encoded identifier and expect the Mnet application to do something with it.
		I can also use Lucas's trick by appending a useless "8" character only in the 1% case that one has not already occurred naturally...) Anyway, if Mnet ever emits SHA1 hashes of the contents of files, then the argument about interoperation applies.
	zgp.org /pipermail/p2p-hackers/2002-November/000927.html

	Gnutella Forums - Partial File Sharing Protocol Development
		Tree hashes are not absolutely required for Partial File Sharing, so you don
		TigerTree hashes are computed using a 1024 byte base size.
		With tiger tree you can download from those hosts as well, since you will see quickly if the data is not what you want.
	forums.gnutelliums.com /showthread.php?s=2c1a624320b0c189570734522d819c16&postid=44155

	<d.w.o> writings: Mirroring Web Content
		An intelligent client could do an HTTP HEAD on the web server, grab the MD5 or Tiger-Tree hash of the file to be downloaded, grab the Bitzi tag based on the hash, and query various P2P networks (Gnutella, Fastrack/Morpheus/Kazaa, AudioGalaxy, etc.) for the file as reported by users of Bitzi.
		The server-side implementation would only require sending back an MD5 hash of the file, however.
		This is a much more ad-hoc situation and perhaps better suited for users producing or mirroring informal rich media files.
	david.weekly.org /writings/mirror.php3

	The Tiger Compiler Project Assignment
		Tiger should neither be 0 nor 100% of your curriculum: find the balance.
		It usually starts with one member making more work on Tiger, less on the rest of the curriculum, and then he gets tired all the time, with bad mood etc. Don't walk that way: denunciate the problem, send ultimatums to this person, and finally, warn the assistants you need to reconfigure your group.
		Before diving into the history of the Tiger Compiler Project in EPITA, a whole project in itself for ourselves, with experimental tries and failures, it might be good to review some constraints that can explain why things are the way they are.
	www.lrde.epita.fr /~akim/compil/reports

	Zeropaid.com - Shareaza v1.7 PRE-RELEASE VERSION
		TTH is Tiger Tree Hash, or the Tiger Hash algorithm in a tree.
		This means that a hash is calculated for each 1024b segement of the file, then combined, hashed, ect.
		TTH is exchanged via THEX as part of the PFSP (partial file sharing protocol).
	www.zeropaid.com /news/articles/auto/11052002a.php

	service05990.html
		A P2P client may have to compute the SHA1 or tiger tree hash of every file it meets.
		Hashes in general are trivial -- you learn about hash tables in your first comp sci class.
		Bruce Lee Notice that the stiffest tree is most easily cracked, while the bamboo or willow survives by bending with the wind.
	static.userland.com /myUserLandHtml/2003/04/24/service05990.html

	Reports
		At the end of this stage, the compiler can build abstract syntax trees of Tiger programs and pretty-print them.
		Because the Tiger Compiler is a project with stages, the computation of the marks depends on the stages too.
		Do not forget that the Tiger Compiler is only an exercise: having a good grade is less important than understanding and being efficient when you will be hired by a company.
	0.jbcazaux.0.free.fr /projets/tiger.html

	Lookfour - Hashing
		Freeware Delphi Components: rjExContainers Library (Vector, List, Tree and Hash Containers), rjHtmlParser (Parser for Html files), rjMime (Encode and Decode), rjPCRE (Perl Regular Expressions for Delphi), rjPasDoc (Generate Html Help from Pascal Sources
		mhash is a thread-safe hash library, implemented in C, and provides a uniform interface to a large number of hash algorithms (MD5, SHA-1, HAVAL, RIPEMD128, RIPEMD160, TIGER, GOST).
		A portable password cracker with built-in efficient implementations of multiple password hashing algorithms found on various Unix flavors.
	www.lookfour.com /nvsResults.php?RID=2&qry=Hashing

	HTTPHeaderName (LimeWire API - 2004.12.01)
		This informs the client where the full Tiger tree hash can be retrieved.
		Header for the available ranges of a file currently available, as specified in the Partial File Sharing Protocol.
		Header for specifying whether the connection should be kept alive or closed when using HTTP 1.1.
	www.limewire.org /nightly/javadocs/com/limegroup/gnutella/http/HTTPHeaderName.html

	Ride the Tiger
		The Banyan Tree has enormous, private pool suites each with its own pool, balcony, hot tub, wait staff and every imaginable amenity including the most luxuriant: Total seclusion.
		Considering the number of marshals, many of who are from the Phuket Hash House Harriers (On!
		The “Tiger’s Back” is, like the shoulders of the predatory jungle cat’s back, a series of three difficult climbs that begin at exactly 8 kilometers on the bike course and lasts until 15 kilometers.
	www.bikesportmichigan.com /features/thailand.shtml

	Moonlight's eMule Tweaks Documentation: Hash tree generation benchmarks
		These benchmarks were done to get an idea of each parameter's influence on hash speed on my PC.
		Dummy : 0.397s (95.835MB/s) 00000000 MD4 : 1.493s (25.461MB/s) 7CD35633:245B22FF:753B3245:9588653C MD5 : 1.960s (19.390MB/s) 4CE0036E:6D81FE0D:A892403D:371903FC Tiger : 5.586s ( 6.804MB/s) 8525B8D7:7D61B76A:9540074A:2517E873:555ADC06:52AD8BDA SHA-1: 4.494s ( 8.458MB/s) 6A8BF0A8:24725759:84D011CF:B780E0C0:2A200B7E ***************************************************************************************** * 64KB (L16) is again the sweet for CSBuild=16 as well.
		Dummy : 0.363s (104.612MB/s) 00000000 MD4 : 1.581s (24.042MB/s) 7341CE20:B2A1A212:D0325C23:DCAB85D1 MD5 : 2.149s (17.688MB/s) 18A1BCE5:02A8F7B0:59620611:5350B835 Tiger : 5.860s ( 6.486MB/s) 5640B581:1EEC58BD:612144BF:F1F50FA7:5B923C43:6F3E364C SHA-1: 4.558s ( 8.338MB/s) A5818085:4CCE083C:2ECB6F73:20569B16:8D4A93BC ***************************************************************************************** * Performance-wise, there is no reason to use block sizes higher than L16.
	pages.videotron.com /moonligh/eMule/Demo001Extra.html

	CA Shop :: Chess Assistant Store :: Welcome!
		With these programs you'll be able both to play and to analyze.
		Chess Assistant 7.1 includes playing programs such as ( Chess Tiger 14/15, Gambit Tiger 2, Ruffian, Crafty and the Russian Dragon (see more details in Chess Assistant catalogue).
		In addition you get a database with 500,000 historic and current games.
	store.convekta.com /shop_model.asp?gid=122&sView=Catalog

	Crystal Tree Dinner Menu
		At Crystal Tree Restaurant, all of our mouth-watering entrees include our award-winning salad bar plus a choice of side dish.
		Chilled tiger shrimp, served in a special ice mold and finished with horseradish cocktail sauce.
		We also feature a complete wine list and wide selection of imported and domestic beers.
	www.desmoinesnightlife.com /crystal_tree_dinner_menu.htm

	HERE: Egret Hash
		Under that is something mushroom-clean, not moldy but wet tree bark.
		We tied up the tiger lilies, staked them to the house because they were falling over.
		And I've teased my bearlike cousins, watched them fix a car.
	www.heremagazine.com /egret.html

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In the News (Sun 3 Jun 12)