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	Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Rafsanjani was a key member of the Council of Revolution of Iran at the beginning of the new Islamic Republic, together with Mohammad Javad Bahonar, Mohammad Beheshti, Morteza Motahhari, and Mousavi Ardabili.
		Rafsanjani was also the first speaker for the Iranian Parliament since the beginning of the Islamic Republic until 1989.
		Hashemi Rafsanjani is currently the head of the Islamic Republic's Expediency Discernment Council, that resolves legislative issues between the Parliament and the Council of Guardians and advices the supreme leader on matters of national policy.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Ali_Akbar_Hashemi_Rafsanjani.html (224 words)

	Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani Summary
		Akbar Hashemi was born in 1934 as the second of nine children of Ali Hashemi, a modest farmer and local clergyman in the remote Kermanian town of Rafsanjan--thus the family name, Rafsanjani.
		Rafsanjani served as President of Iran from August 17, 1989 to 1997, and was the first president of Iran to step down officially after finishing his period: of his predecessors, Abolhassan Banisadr was successfully impeached, Mohammad Ali Rajai was assassinated, and Ali Khamenei was promoted to Supreme Leader.
		Rafsanjani is currently the Chairman of the Expediency Discernment Council that resolves legislative issues between the Parliament and the Council of Guardians; in addition, he advises the supreme leader on matters of national policy.
	www.bookrags.com /Akbar_Hashemi_Rafsanjani (1993 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Region \| Shadowy Rafsanjani (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		When the godfather of Iranian politics, former President Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, announced he would join the race for parliament, he unleashed a new set of political uncertainties about the outcome of the election, the fate of the reformist coalition, as well as his own political legacy.
		Whether Rafsanjani's return was his own inclination, or as many say Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei pushed him to run, the former president is taking the biggest risk of his political career, opening himself up to attack and facing the possibility of an electoral flop.
		Rafsanjani has been remarkably dismissive of the young -- he seems as deaf to their demands and presence as they are to the supposed benefits of his deal-making.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2000/469/re7.htm (1134 words)

	Historic Personalities of Iran: Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani
		Rafsanjani began his political activism in the 1960s and 1970s when he was part of the Islamic student movement opposed to the Western-backed regime of the Shah.
		Rafsanjani is a relatively moderate Iranian cleric who served two terms as president of the Islamic Republic of Iran, from August 17, 1989 to 1997.
		In 2002, Rafsanjani was appointed and currently is the Chairman of the Expediency Council that arbitrates and resolves legislative disputes and issues between the Parliament (Majlis) and the Council of Guardians and advises the supreme leader on matters of national policy.
	www.iranchamber.com /history/arafsanjani/akbar_rafsanjani.php (479 words)

	Iran: Alarmed Politicians Urge Voters To Choose Hashemi-Rafsanjani
		Rafsanjani echoed Khatami's calls for lawfulness, speaking to Tehran students on 21 June, and said all people in Iran, including students and journalists, must respect the law.
		Rafsanjani promised not to let "parallel bodies" interfere in state security work, and approved of the "present methods" of the Ministry of Intelligence and Security, which the Khatami government said has been purged of lawless agents who were accused of killing dissident Iranians in the 1990s.
		Rafsanjani appeared to reach the limits of his democratic potential when he said he would oppose unjust imprisonments, and students shouted out the name of Akbar Ganji, a dissident jailed for critical writings not unrelated to Rafsanjani's political past.
	www.payvand.com /news/05/jun/1178.html (1086 words)

	Iran elections candidates: Ayatollah Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani - Printer Friendly Page - Other - Iran Focus
		For over two decades, Ali-Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani has been one of the two most powerful men within Iran’s ruling hierarchy, first as Ayatollah Khomeini’s most trusted confidant until his death in 1989, and later as the junior partner in the Khamenei-Rafsanjani duo that has been at the apex of the Islamic Republic since then.
		The criminal court of Berlin issued an international warrant for Rafsanjani’s arrest after he was found to be a key member of a four-man committee that made the decisions for assassination of Iranian dissidents abroad.
		Rafsanjani’s status as one of the most despised figures in the clerical regime came under limelight in the year 2000, when he stood for parliamentary elections in Tehran and came in last at the thirtieth slot.
	www.iranfocus.com /modules/news/print.php?storyid=2403 (792 words)

	Al Jazeera English - Archive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Akbar Hashemi Bahramani, also known as Hashemi Rafsanjani, is the frontrunner in Iran's June 2005 elections.
		Rafsanjani is a frontrunner in the June 2005 election race
		Born on 25 August 1934, a Shia clergyman and supporter of Ayatollah Khomeini, Rafsanjani was imprisoned several times during the 1960s and '70s for his political activities.
	english.aljazeera.net /NR/exeres/CF0BC90B-730F-4146-9452-5FC659347852.htm (376 words)

	Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani - WikIran
		Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani (Persian: اکبر هاشمی رفسنجانی) is an influential Iranian politician and is currently serving as the Chairman of the Expediency Discernment Council of Iran.
		Rafsanjani was a founding member of the Islamic Republic Party, established soon after the Iranian Revolution in 1979.
		Many consider Rafsanjani to be the richest man in Iran due to his deep involvement in various Iranian industries, including the oil industry, as well as his ownership of many properties throughout the country.
	www.wikiran.org /wiki/Akbar_Hashemi_Rafsanjani (951 words)

	Iran: Hashemi-Rafsanjani Says Vote For Him Is Vote Against Extremism - RADIO FREE EUROPE / RADIO LIBERTY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Since then, Rafsanjani and his supporters have been portraying his candidacy as the one to save Iran from the danger of fanaticism and rule by military force.
		Rafsanjani has spoken against interference in people's private lives and has said more attention needs to be paid to the concerns of Iran's youth.
		Rafsanjani was born in 1934 to a family of pistachio farmers.
	www.rferl.org /featuresarticle/2005/06/4b2a02fa-53c2-412d-8c5a-85a555ab61ed.html (936 words)

	NewsFromRussia.Com Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani will stand for president again
		Rafsanjani, aged 70 years, is seen as a pragmatic conservative, more open to improved ties with the West and in favour of liberalising the state-dominated economy.
		Rafsanjani has played a central role throughout the Islamic regime's 26-year history and is widely seen as the second-most powerful person in the country, next to the Ayatollah.
		Rafsanjani, aged 70 years, is seen as a pragmatic conservative, more open to improved ties with the West and in favour of liberalising the state-dominated economy More details...
	newsfromrussia.com /world/2005/05/11/59681.html (1643 words)

	USATODAY.com - Iran's ex-president: U.S should show goodwill (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Rafsanjani: We don't have a clear record, but we think it was about $8 billion and with interest over 25 years, it has to be more.
		Rafsanjani: They (Rice and Powell) might be different in the way they talk, but the policies of the United States are decided somewhere else.
		Rafsanjani: When I said that I was ready (to have a dialogue with the U.S.) I was the president.
	www.usatoday.com /news/world/2005-02-06-rafsanjani-text_x.htm (2144 words)

	CNN.com - Rafsanjani: U.S. must do more - Jun 15, 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Rafsanjani is considered the favorite to win Friday's presidential election, according to opinion polls.
		Rafsanjani's comment about Bush was a surprise, since the administration has never wavered from its stance against uranium enrichment.
		Rafsanjani appeared confident that he would Friday's election and said he would take care of the country's business in an orderly fashion.
	www.cnn.com /2005/WORLD/meast/06/14/iran.rafsanjani/index.html (870 words)

	Iran: Former President Rafsanjani Likely To Run In Presidential Election - RADIO FREE EUROPE / RADIO LIBERTY
		Rafsanjani, who heads the country’s powerful Expediency Council, has been a key figure in Iranian politics since the 1979 Islamic Revolution.
		Reacting to reports about Rafsanjani’s possible candidacy, U.S. State Department spokesman Adam Ereli said his government does not have concerns about who will be Iran's president, only about what policies the new leader would follow.
		In a February interview with "USA Today," Rafsanjani said that as president he indicated his willingness to engage the United States in dialogue "if they show goodwill." He added that he remains of the same opinion.
	www.rferl.org /features/features_Article.aspx?m=04&y=2005&id=51C55F33-7880-4BAE-A477-AEFC4640CB7A (979 words)

	Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		It is widely believed the Rafsanjani moved closer to the conservative camp in Iran since the election of the current reformist President, Mohamed Khatami.
		Rafsanjani — president from 1989 to 1997 — is currently deputy chairman of the Assembly of Experts, which appoints Iran’s supreme leader, the highest political and religious authority in the country.
		Rafsanjani is also one of the most trusted advisers of supreme leader, Ayatollah Khomeini, founder of the Islamic republic of Iran.
	www.aljazeera.com /cgi-bin/review/people_full_story.asp?service_id=8129 (528 words)

	THE IRANIAN: Millionaire Mullahs , Paul Klebnikov
		One journalist who dared to investigate Rafsanjani's secret dealings and his alleged role in extrajudicial killings of dissidents is now languishing in jail.
		Rafsanjani's youngest son, Yaser, owns a 30-acre horse farm in the super-fashionable Lavasan neighborhood of north Tehran, where land goes for over $4 million an acre.
		In 1989, when Rafsanjani became president, Rafiqdoost gained control of the Mostazafan Foundation, which employs up to 400,000 workers and has assets that in all probability exceed $10 billion.
	www.iranian.com /Travelers/2003/July/Rich (2749 words)

	Notes on Former President Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani
		Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani was born 1934 in Rafsanjan in Kerman Province, Iran.
		Rafsanjani was active in Iranian politics well back into the 1960s and was even jailed for his activities.With the fall of Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlevi, Rafsanjani became a powerful man in Iranian politics not because e sought power but because he is always willing to serve the revolution.
		Former President Rafsanjani was born near Rafsanjan in the province of Kerman in 1934.
	www.persiancarpetguide.com /sw-asia/People/Bio985.htm (1227 words)

	[No title]
		Former Iranian President Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani says in meeting with senior Hamas member Khaled Mashal in Tehran, ‘high spirit, resistance of Palestinians people for the restoration of their violated rights are among the factors leading to current situation encountered by the Zionists.
		The agency said that in a report released by the Iranian Expediency Council, headed by Rafsanjani, the former leader pointed to the political standstill facing the ‘Zionist’ regime and its withdrawal from some of the territories as reasons for its backward movement.
		Rafsanjani said Iran would continue with its fundamental policy of supporting the ‘oppressed’ Palestinian people, adding that resistance is the only option left for the Palestinians in order to restore their rights.
	www.ynetnews.com /Ext/Comp/ArticleLayout/CdaArticlePrintPreview/1,2506,L-3183664,00.html (331 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Middle East \| Profile: Akbar Hashemi-Rafsanjani (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In 2002, Mr Rafsanjani was appointed head of the powerful Expediency Council, which arbitrates in disputes between the Majlis - Iran's parliament - and the Guardian Council, which can block legislation.
		Born in 1934 in south-eastern Iran to a family of farmers, he studied theology in the holy city of Qom with Ayatollah Khomeini, whose close follower he became.
		His younger daughter, Faezeh Hashemi, is a women's right activist whose journal Zan (Woman) was closed down by hardliners in 1997.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/middle_east/3034480.stm (521 words)

	Hashemi Rafsanjani — FactMonster.com
		In 1989, Rafsanjani was elected president, receiving some 95% of the vote.
		A pragmatic conservative, he sought to revive Iran's badly flagging economy on free-market principles and moved to improve relations with the West, reestablish Iran as a regional power, and gradually reopen the country to foreign investment.
		In 2005 Rafsanjani again ran for the presidency, but despite support from reformists in the runoff election he lost to hardline conservative candidate Mahmoud
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/people/A0840965.html (238 words)

	Iran - Former President Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani
		You may remember him as the patient towel-headed guy who politely endured Mike Wallace's dumb questions on 60 Minutes as he tried to show that Iran wants to be buddies; but Mike wanted to spank him for something that happened 20 years ago.
		Rafsanjani had tougher problems than being grilled by Mike.
		Rafsanjani is credited with persuading Khomeini to finally agree to a cease-fire in the war with Iraq in August1988.
	www.comebackalive.com /df/dplaces/iran/player4.htm (200 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Middle East \| Profile: Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani
		Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani has been a dominant figure in Iranian politics since the 1980s.
		Described as a "pragmatic conservative", he is part of the religious establishment, but also open to a broader range of views.
		As president, Mr Rafsanjani sought to encourage a rapprochement with the West and re-establish Iran as a regional power.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/middle_east/4104532.stm (523 words)

	DEBKAfile - DEBKAfile: Iran’s ex-president Hashemi Rafsanjani ends Damascus talks on redoubling pressure on Washington
		The day after the announcement of Iranian success in producing uranium enrichment, Tehran’s most adept diplomat, Expediency Council head Hashemi Rafsanjani, arrived in the Syrian capital Wednesday for four days of talks.
		DEBKAfile’s sources report that after publicly declaring Iran’s nuclear aims were “purely peaceful”, Rafsanjani embarked on secret talks with Syrian leaders on ways of working together to raise war tensions in Iraq and the Lebanese-Israeli border.
		They describe Tehran’s motives as being to try and put the Americans on the spot of having to appeal to its clerical leaders for a key to a political solution and calm in Iraq.
	www.debka.com /headline.php?hid=2264 (261 words)

	Bloomberg.com: Top Worldwide
		April 28 (Bloomberg) -- Former Iranian President Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani rejected a United Nations demand that Iran halt its nuclear program by today, underlining President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's pledge to expand the enrichment of uranium.
		Rafsanjani said the nuclear program was intended for peaceful purposes, adding that it was the U.S. and its allies who ``are the ones seeing it all through a window of oppression and threats.'' He warned the Western nations not to ``put yourself, us and the region into trouble.''
		The IAEA ``should be careful and cautious and take into account the consequences,'' of its acts Rafsanjani said.
	www.bloomberg.com /apps/news?pid=10000087&sid=avR0O.5yugx4&refer=top_world_news (756 words)

	Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In 2000, in the first election after the expiration of his presidental term, he candidated himself for the Parliament elections again, but was not chosen among the 30 representatives of Tehran.
		After the Council of Guardians voided some voting boxes to get him chosen as the 30th candidate, he became a member of parliament again, but resigned before swearing as an MP, to show his dislike for both the unpublicity and the cheat.
		Hashemi Rafsanjani is currently the head of the Islamic Republic's Expediency Discernment Council (مجمع تشخیص مصلحت نظام in Persian), that resolves legislative issues between the Parliament and the Council of Guardians and advices the supreme leader on matters of national policy.
	www.fact-index.com /a/al/ali_akbar_hashemi_rafsanjani.html (166 words)

	Rafsanjani Ali Akbar Hashemi - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Rafsanjani Ali Akbar Hashemi - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Rafsanjani, Ali Akbar Hashemi, born in 1934, Iranian politician and president of Iran (1989-1997).
		Search for books about your topic, "Rafsanjani Ali Akbar Hashemi"
	encarta.msn.com /Rafsanjani_Ali_Akbar_Hashemi.html (109 words)

	The Iran Crisis: "Diplomacy" as a Launch Pad for Missiles
		The man he defeated in the presidential runoff last summer, former president Hashemi Rafsanjani, wields significant power as head of the government’s Expediency Council.
		Though he has a well-earned reputation as a corrupt opportunist, Rafsanjani is now a beacon of enlightenment compared to Ahmadinejad.
		In early January, a pair of Iran scholars – Dariush Zahedi and Ali Ezzatyar, based at the University of California in Berkeley – wrote an LA Times piece making this point: “Contrary to popular belief, the traditional conservative clerical establishment is apprehensive about the possibility of violence inside and outside Iran.
	www.guerrillanews.com /articles/2092/The_Iran_Crisis_Diplomacy_as_a_Launch_Pad_for_Missiles (2391 words)

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