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Topic: Hate Crime Statistics Act

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	Hate Crime Statistics 2002
		A hate crime, also known as a bias crime, is a criminal offense committed against a person, property, or society which is motivated, in whole or in part, by the offender's bias against a race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, or ethnicity/national origin.
		Additionally, 16.4 percent of total single-bias hate crime victims were attacked because of the offender's prejudice against the victim's sexual-orientation; among these victims, 65.0 percent were victims of an anti-male homosexual bias motivation.
		The majority of these known hate crime offenders were white, 61.8 percent; 21.8 percent were fl; 1.2 percent were Asian or Pacific Islander; 0.6 percent were American Indian or Alaskan Native; 9.8 percent were of unknown race; and 4.9 percent were groups of offenders consisting of multiple races.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/anti-semitism/hate02.html (1231 words)

	Hate Crime Statistics, 2004
		Published annually since 1992, Hate Crime Statistics is the byproduct of the joint effort between the FBI and the law enforcement agencies that identify and report hate crimes.
		Hate Crime Statistics, 2004, chronicles 7,649 criminal incidents that law enforcement agencies reported--as motivated by a bias against a race, religion, disability, ethnicity, or sexual orientation--and includes information on 9,035 offenses, 9,528 victims, and 7,145 known offenders.
		The Hate Crime Statistics Act is presented in Appendix A. Appendix B is the directory of State Uniform Crime Reporting Programs, which contains the addresses and telephone numbers of the state UCR Programs and U.S. Territories that contribute data to the FBI.
	www.fbi.gov /ucr/hc2004/openpage.htm (366 words)

	Bureau of Justice Statistics Press Release: Hate Crimes Reported in NIBRS, 1997-99
		Hate crimes, or bias-motivated crimes, are defined as offenses motivated by hatred against a victim based on his or her race, religion, sexual orientation, handicap, ethnicity or national origin.
		Thirty-two percent of the reported hate crimes occurred in a residence, 28 percent in an open space, 19 percent in a retail or other commercial establishment or building, 12 percent at a school or college and 3 percent in a church, synagogue or temple.
		Hate crimes were committed mostly against one or more individuals (84 percent), as opposed to business or financial institutions (6 percent), governments (4 percent), religious organizations (2 percent) or society or the general public (2 percent).
	www.ojp.usdoj.gov /bjs/pub/press/hcrn99pr.htm (590 words)

	The Hate Crime Statistics Act
		Enacted in 1990, the HCSA requires the Justice Department to acquire data on crimes which "manifest prejudice based on race, religion, sexual orientation, or ethnicity" from law enforcement agencies across the country and to publish an annual summary of the findings.
		For 1993, the FBI reported 7,587 hate crimes from 6,865 agencies in 47 states and the District of Columbia.
		The FBI report indicated that about 63% of the reported hate crimes were race-based, with 14% committed against individuals on the basis of their religion, 11% on the basis of ethnicity, and 12% on the basis of sexual orientation.
	www.adl.org /issue_government/hate_crime_statistics_act.asp (290 words)

	NCJRS - National Criminal Justice Reference Service - In the Spotlight (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		This bill would extend the protection of the current federal hate crimes law to include those who are victimized because of their sexual orientation, gender, or disability.
		As a part of the 1994 Crime Act, the Hate Crimes Sentencing Enhancement Act provides for longer sentences where the offense is determined to be a hate crime.
		Hate crimes are defined as "manifest prejudice based on race, religion, sexual orientation, or ethnicity".
	www.ncjrs.gov /spotlight/hate_crimes/legislation.html (472 words)

	EPPN
		While the overall number of crimes reported to the FBI in 2001 increased slightly (2.1%), reported hate crimes increased dramatically from 8,063 in 2000 to 9,730 in 2001 (a 20.7% increase).
		Overall, crimes against Jews and Jewish institutions comprised 10.7% of all the bias-motivated crimes, and 57% of the religious-based crime incidents.
		Of the 9,239 identified hate crime offenders, the majority were white (6,054, or 65.5%); 20.4% were fl, 8.2% were of unknown race, and the remainder were of other races or multiple races.
	www.episcopalchurch.org /3654_13569_ENG_Print.html (455 words)

	NCJRS - National Criminal Justice Reference Service - In the Spotlight (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Hate crime is defined as "the violence of intolerance and bigotry, intended to hurt and intimidate someone because of their race, ethnicity, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, or disability" (Hate Crime: The Violence of Intolerance, Department of Justice Community Relation Service, 2001).
		Hate crime activities are being investigated at the Federal level by the FBI’s Bias Crimes Unit and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (BATF) church arson and explosives experts.
		As part of the Attorney General’s Hate Crime initiative, the Bureau of Justice Statistics has examined ways to improve participation by law enforcement agencies in collecting and reporting hate crime statistics to the FBI and to profile local responses to hate crime.
	www.ncjrs.gov /spotlight/Hate_Crimes/Summary.html (642 words)

	A Policymaker's Guide to Hate Crimes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		For the purposes of this monograph, hate crimes, or bias-motivated crimes, are defined as offenses motivated by hatred against a victim based on his or her race, religion, sexual orientation, handicap, ethnicity, or national origin.
		For the purposes of this report, hate crimes -- or bias-motivated crimes -- are defined as offenses motivated by hatred against a victim based on his or her race, religion, sexual orientation, ethnicity, or national origin.
		Violent hate crimes are the most virus-like offenses in terms of the message they send and their psychological impact on members of the targeted group.
	www.texasnaacp.org /hateguid.htm (18740 words)

	Crime index - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Crime indexes are generated to analyze crime statistics.
		The most common source of such statistics are records reported to the police.
		An alternative source of data is the victimization survey, usually conducted via annual interviews with households, whose occupants are asked whether they have been the victim of crime.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Crime_index (126 words)

	Hate Crime Statistics 2004
		A hate crime, also known as a bias crime, is a criminal offense committed against a person, property, or society that is motivated, in whole or in part, by the offender’s bias against a race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, or ethnicity/national origin.
		Of the 9,528 victims of hate crimes in 2004, 9,514 were associated with an incident involving a single bias.
		Fourteen of the total 9,528 victims of hate crimes were the objects of multiple biases on the part of the offenders.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/anti-semitism/hate04.html (1428 words)

	Tolerance.org: EVERY VICTIM COUNTS: What is a Hate Crime?
		According to the Hate Crime Statistics Act, a hate crime is a criminal act in which a victim is selected because of the perpetrator's prejudice against the victim's race, ethnicity, national origin, religion, sexual orientation and/or disability.
		Hate crime reporting is a national imperative because hate crimes strike at the heart of our national identity.
		Unless hate crimes are identified and reported, we will not be able to understand the true nature and scope of the hate crime problem and to devise strategies to counter it.
	www.tolerance.org /news/article_hate.jsp?id=433 (351 words)

	Analysis of Hate Crime (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		In 1990, Congress passed the Hate Crime Statistics Act, requiring the Justice Department to collect and publish annual statistics on crimes that "manifest prejudice based on race, religion, sexual orientation, or ethnicity." To comply, the FBI collects data submitted voluntarily by local law-enforcement agencies, and assembles them into an annual summary report.
		Crime statistics are a good example, the treatment of hate-crime data being especially egregious.
		If a thousand crimes are perpetrated against a group of one million and a like number against a group of ten million, each member of the smaller group suffers a tenfold greater risk.
	www.lagriffedulion.f2s.com /hatecrime.htm (2296 words)

	Tolerance.org: Discounting Hate
		The Hate Crime Statistics Act of 1990 was passed by Congress in the wake of an outbreak of anti-gay violence in the late 1980s.
		In addition to the false zeroes phenomenon, lack of training in recognizing hate crimes, the false belief that relatively minor crimes need not be reported to the FBI, and an over-eagerness to write off the bias aspect of criminal incidents contribute to the systematic underreporting of hate crimes.
		But a comparison of those numbers with the FBI’s hate crime statistics shows that three departments reporting hate crimes did not have their numbers included; three other agencies had different numbers than those in the FBI compilation; and 16 jurisdictions reporting zero hate crimes to the state are not in the report at all.
	www.tolerance.org /news/article_hate.jsp?id=341 (2220 words)

	Introduction Uniform Crime Reports: Hate Crime Statistics - Find Articles
		Hate Crime Statistics, 1990: A Resource Book was the first publication that made available the hate crime data reported by 11 individual states that had collected hate crime data under state authority during 1990 and that were willing to participate.
		The Hate Crime Statistics Act was amended with the enactment of the Violent Crime and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 to include bias against persons with disabilities.
		The goal of the Hate Crime Statistics Act and its subsequent amendments is to capture information about the type of bias serving as the motivating factor of a hate crime, the nature of the offense, and the number and type of victim(s) and offender(s).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0RFV/is_2001_Annual/ai_n7639641 (766 words)

	Hate Crime Statistics Act - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Hate Crime Statistics Act (April 1990) is a piece of legislation passed by the US Congress.
		Under the act, collection of statistical data began, in January 1991, for the purposes of creating a "hate crime" crime index.
		This United States federal legislation article is a stub.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hate_Crime_Statistics_Act (88 words)

	Hate crime legislation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Typical hate crime laws criminalize the use of force, or the threat of force, against a person because they are a member of a specific, protected group.
		Hate Crimes Statistics Act (1990): "crimes that manifest evidence of prejudice based on race, religion, sexual orientation, or ethnicity, including where appropriate the crimes of murder, non-negligent manslaughter, forcible rape, aggravated assault, simple assault, intimidation, arson, and destruction, damage or vandalism of property.
		Again, assuming that the rate of hate crimes in London is similar to that in the country generally, one would expect on the order of 250,000 offences.
	www.religioustolerance.org /hom_hat3.htm (1453 words)

	SPLCenter.org: Discounting Hate
		One decade after the FBI began collecting state hate crime statistics and publishing them under the federal Hate Crime Statistics Act, the national effort to document hate-motivated crime is in shambles.
		While the published hate crime totals have been running recently at some 8,000 cases a year, the real figure is probably closer to 50,000.
		The Hate Crime Statistics Act of 1990 was passed by Congress in the wake of an outbreak of anti-homosexual violence in the late 1980s.
	www.splcenter.org /intel/intelreport/article.jsp?aid=157 (1331 words)

	Bureau of Justice Statistics Hate Crimes Reported in NIBRS, 1997-99
		The report analyzes NIBRS hate crime incidents from jurisdictions in up to 17 States reporting such data to the FBI over the 3-year period, including information on the type of bias motivation, the offenses committed during these incidents, the presence and use of weapons, and the location and the time of day of these crimes.
		Incident-based statistics are presented on the law enforcement response to NIBRS hate crime incidents, including clearance rates by offense and the characteristics of persons arrested for the commission of bias crimes.
		In 60% of hate crime incidents, the most serious offense was a violent crime, most commonly intimidation or simple assault.
	www.ojp.usdoj.gov /bjs/abstract/hcrn99.htm (217 words)

	HATE CRIME (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The most recent available hate crimes statistics compiled by the FBI are for the year 2003 antagonism toward a particular race, religion, sexual orientation, ethnicity/national origin, or physical or mental disability prompted crimes against 9,100 victims during 2003.
		Therefore, before an incident can be classified as a hate crime, sufficient objective facts must be present to lead a reasonable and prudent person to conclude that the offender’s actions were motivated, in whole or in part, by bias.
		Local Law Enforcement Enhancement Act would expand the federal criminal civil rights statute on hate crimes by removing unnecessary obstacles to federal prosecution of hate crimes based on race, religion, and national origin and providing authority for federal prosecution of certain crimes directed at individuals because of their gender, disability, or sexual orientation.
	hate-crime.website-works.com /hate-students.htm (1554 words)

	HATE CRIMES IN AMERICA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Hate crimes in America seeks to examine recent case law challenging hate crimes and hate groups.
		We will examine several acts of violence directed toward specific ethnic groups and individuals, such as the recent burning of fl churches in the Southeast, violent attacks against gays and lesbians, terrorist acts against government employees and school violence directed at specific groups and/or individuals.
		Hate crime laws and their impact on the First Amendment.
	faculty.etsu.edu /whitsonm/HateCrime.shtml (546 words)

	Hate Crime
		Of all hate crime incidents reported to the U.S. Department of Justice's Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in 1996, 72 percent were motivated by the victim's race, color, or national origin.
		Hate crime is the violence of intolerance and bigotry, intended to hurt and intimidate someone because of their race, ethnicity, national origin, religious, sexual orientation, or disability.
		Some perpetrators commit hate crimes with their peers as a "thrill" or while under the influence of drugs or alcohol; some as a reaction against a perceived threat or to preserve their "turf'; and some who out of resentment over the growing economic power of a particular racial or ethnic group engage in scapegoating.
	www.usdoj.gov /crs/pubs/htecrm.htm (4172 words)

	Queer Visions of Freedom: Hate Crime, Statistics and Apathy
		In fact, hate crime legislation has arisen due to the growing consensus that the apathy shown by Chuck's responding officer back in 1988 should no longer be acceptable and that crimes motivated solely by a victim's perceived race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, or ethnicity/national origin are fundamentally more egregious than conventional crimes.
		As it stands, Federal hate crime legislation sends a powerful signal to the states that the assumptions on which hate crime statutes are based are fundamentally accepted as correct.
		The Hate Crimes Prevention Act, introduced in the U.S. House of Representative in January of 2003 and updated in 2005, seeks to remedy this situation.
	www.queervisions.com /arch/2005/08/in_the_fall_of.html (1519 words)

	civilrights.org -- Hate Crime Statistics, 2004
		Since it was established in 1930, the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program has been the starting place for law enforcement executives, students of criminal justice, researchers, members of the media, and the public at large seeking information on crime in the Nation.
		With Congress's passage of the Hate Crime Statistics Act of 1990, mandating the collection of those crimes that law enforcement has determined were motivated by the offenders' bias against a race, religion, ethnicity, sexual orientation, or disability, the Program has also become a leading source of information about hate crime.
		With that knowledge data users can further educate their audiences--whether they are constituents, co-workers, or fellow citizens--of the seriousness of hate crimes and present possible solutions to limit or deter these acts in the future.
	www.civilrights.org /issues/hate/details.cfm?id=38321 (448 words)

	civilrights.org -- ADL Welcomes Release of FBI 2004 Hate Crime Statistics
		The 2004 FBI hate crime data released today, collected under the mandate of the 1990 Hate Crime Statistics Act (HCSA), documented 7,649 hate crimes reported by 12,711 police agencies across the country - an increase in both the number of hate crimes and the agencies reporting them.
		That legislation, the Local Law Enforcement Hate Crime Prevention Act of 2005, was approved as an amendment to the Children's Safety Act of 2005 on September 14 by a vote of 223-199.
		Congress must act to permit federal authorities to provide the full range of assistance to local officials prosecuting hate crimes and, when appropriate, to investigate and prosecute hate crimes in those circumstances where state and local officials cannot or will not act themselves.
	www.civilrights.org /issues/cj/details.cfm?id=38319 (689 words)

	SSC - What's New - Hate Crimes
		It is important to note that Massachusetts, one of the earliest states to tackle the hate crime issue, defined hate crimes as "criminal acts that are motivated in part or whole by bias or bigotry directed at a victim due to that victim's race/ethnicity/national origin/religion/ sexual orientation or handicapped status."
		The definition of hate and bias crime in the Federal Hate Crimes Statistics Act of 1990 should provide direction to the field on what constitutes hate/bias crimes.
		The Act states that hate/bias crimes are crimes motivated by "hatred against a victim based on his or her race, religion, sexual orientation, ethnicity, or national origin."
	www.tea.state.tx.us /ssc/whatsnew/hate_crimes/definition.htm (180 words)

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