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Topic: Hausa language

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	Hausa - LoveToKnow 1911
		The Hausa attribute their superiority in strength to the fact that they live on guinea corn instead of yams and bananas, which form the staple food of the tribes on the river Niger.
		The Hausa carried on agriculture chiefly by slave labour; they are themselves born traders, and as such are to be met with in almost every part of Africa north of the equator.
		It is the only language in tropical Africa which has been reduced to writing by the natives themselves, unless the Vai alphabet, introduced by a native inventor in the interior of Liberia in the first half of the 19th century be excepted; the character used is a modified form.of Arabic.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Hausa (1170 words)

	Hausa language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hausa is the Chadic language with the largest number of speakers, spoken as a first language by about 24 million people, and as a second language by about 15 million more.
		Hausa belongs to the West Chadic languages subgroup of the Chadic languages group, which in turn is part of the Afro-Asiatic language family.
		Hausa is an official language in the north of Nigeria, and a "national language" in Niger.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hausa_language (657 words)

	Hausa People
		Origin myths among the Hausa claim that their founder, Bayajidda, came from the east in an effort to escape his father.
		The rise of the Hausa states occurred between 500 and 700 A.D., but it was not until 1200 that they really began to control the region.
		According to tradition, Islam was brought to Hausa territory by Muhommad Al-Maghili, an Islamic cleric, teacher, and missionary, who came from Bornu toward the end of the 15th century.
	www.uiowa.edu /~africart/toc/people/Hausa.html (559 words)

	Hausa
		Hausa is spoken as a first language by an estimated 24 million speakers and as a second language by an additional 15 million people across a broad band of countries, including Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Eritrea, Ghana, Niger, Sudan, and Togo.
		Hausa is a lingua franca of Muslim populations in much of West Africa.
		Northern Hausa dialects include Arewa and Arawa considered to be the standard heard on both Nigerian radio and TV and international Hausa broadcasting such as BBC Hausa, Deutsche Welle, The Voice of America (VOA) Hausa, and others.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/july/hausa.html (1117 words)

	Hausa
		Hausa is the largest and best-known member of the Chadic subfamily of the Afro-Asiatic family of languages.
		Hausa has borrowed freely from other languages, especially Arabic, and is adapting well to the demands of contemporary cultural change.
		It has become a common language for millions of non-Hausa West Africans, and sizable Hausa-speaking communities exist in each major city of West and North Africa as well as along the trans-Saharan trade and pilgrimage routes.
	www.flw.com /languages/hausa.htm (132 words)

	Foreign Language Opportunities (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Today Hausa has about 40 million first- and second-language speakers, concentrated in Nigeria, where it is one of three national languages, and in Niger, where Hausas are the majority ethnic group.
		A Language of Wide Communication: Hausa is also widely spoken in the northern regions of Benin, Togo, Ghana, Chad, and Cameroon and is of broad use in research, commerce, and tourism across West Africa.
		Hausa also borrowed heavily from English (in Nigeria) and French (in Niger) during the colonial period.
	www.college.indiana.edu /foreignlanguage/hausa/hausa.shtml (223 words)

	KU Hausa Home (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Hausa is the official language of northern Nigeria and is used throughout much of western Africa as a trade language.
		The Hausa literary language is marked by heavy borrowing of religious and technological terms from Arabic.
		Indeed, Hausa was written using an alphabet based on Arabic until the early part of the twentieth century when it switched to a Latin based alphabet.
	www2.ku.edu /~hausa/index.html (154 words)

	Teach Yourself Hausa Language, Learn to Speak hausa + BBC Service VOA Tribe & People Culture (via CobWeb/3.1 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The largest native speaking population is in Northern Nigeria, where Hausa is the native language of the majority of the population and a universal lingua franca regardless of a speaker's first language.
		Northern Hausa (spoken in Katsina in Nigeria and Marad’ and Zinder in Niger),
		In Nigeria, standard Hausa are the most heard in broadcast media, including both Nigerian radio and television and international Hausa broadcasting, such as the BBC Hausa, Deutsche Welle, The Voice of America (VOA) Hausa, and others.
	www.teachyourselfhausa.com.cob-web.org:8888 (1012 words)

	African Languages - Arabic, Hausa, Swahili (ASC)(MSU)
		Hausa, which belongs to the Hausa-Gwandara subgroup of the Chadic branch of Afro-Asiatic, is spoken in a very large portion of West Africa.
		Hausa is spoken as a first language by Hausa, many Fula and Tuareg, and increasingly by most neighboring Hausa (Schuh, personal communication, 1985).
		It is a language of instruction in Tanzania and is used extensively in East Africa as a trade language or as a lingua franca.
	www.isp.msu.edu /AfrLang/languages.htm (628 words)

	Hausa verbs conjugation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Hausa is an Afro-Asiatic language of the Chadic group.
		It is the official language of northern Nigeria and is used throughout much of western Africa as a second language.
		Standard literary Hausa, based on the dialect of Kano, was formerly written in an Arabic-based alphabet but has been written in an orthography based on the Roman (Latin) alphabet since the early decades of the 20th century.
	www.verbix.com /languages/hausa.shtml (120 words)

	Sudan - Language
		Language differences have served as a partial basis for ethnic classification and as symbols of ethnic identity.
		Arabic is the primary lingua franca in Sudan, given its status as the country's official language and as the language of Islam.
		It was also the chief language at the University of Khartoum and was the language of secondary schools even in the north before 1969.
	countrystudies.us /sudan/36.htm (939 words)

	OHCHR: Hausa/Haoussa () - Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In Nigeria it is the first language of at least 25 million people, with another 15 million speaking it fluently as a second language.
		Hausa belongs to the Chadic branch of the Afro-Asiatic (Hamito-Semitic) family of languages.
		The language contains many words borrowed from the Arabic, and has a long tradition of songs and poetry within a cosmopolitan Islamic culture which developed thanks to the geographical location of the old Hausa states astride the trans-Saharan and savannah trade routes.
	www.unhchr.ch /udhr/lang/gej.htm (1894 words)

	Mythinglinks/AFRICA/Sub-Sahara: Hausa & Fulani Peoples of Niger, Nigeria, Mali
		Hausa was mostly a collection of agricultural settlements and trade centres with no real unity until the early nineteenth century.
		For a good deal of the history of the Hausa region, the area was under the political pressure or even the vassalage of their more powerful neighbors of Bornu-Kanem, Songhay, and Mali, as each power rose up in their respective turn.
		Only ethnic Hausa girls, and girls whose families originated in Kano were affected, even though the population of one school, a government college in Jigawa State, was mixed by ethnicity, religion and home residence....
	www.mythinglinks.org /afr~subsahara~HausaFulani.html (1910 words)

	[No title]
		Hausa is spoken as a first language by as many as 50 million Africans.
		Hausa are concentrated primarily in Northern Nigeria (perhaps 40 million) and Niger.
		Hausa is one of the most extensively researched of all sub-Saharan languages, and has a long tradition of song and poetry within a cosmopolitan Islamic culture that arose largely from the position of the old Hausa states astride the trans-Saharan and savanna trade routes.
	gumel.com /english/hausa-land/hausa-history.htm (254 words)

	Linguist, artist, filmmaker plan multimedia foreign language 'textbook'
		The Meyer language lab recently had to purchase two new Macintosh Centris 650 workstations to handle the most memory-intensive of the 30 foreign-language programs currently available to students, Albrecht said, and most high schools and many colleges aren't likely to be able to afford many of these workstations.
		"Hausa is a tone language, where meanings of words change with the tone, so that means every syllable has to be on the right tone - high, low or falling," he said.
		Multimedia should facilitate more in-depth language learning, he said, of languages that are not frequently taught in the United States at advanced levels, as long as students still practice language use in classes.
	www.stanford.edu /dept/news/pr/94/940920Arc4130.html (764 words)

	[No title]
		The modern Hausa of Nigeria are mainly concentrated in the provinces of Kano, Katsina, Sokoto, and Zaria.
		Their population probably numbers between 6 and 8 million in Nigeria alone, and the Hausa language, which belongs to the Chad branch of the Afro-asiatic language family, is an important lingua franca in West Africa.
		Among the Muslim Hausa, participation in spirit possession cults, limited to women and members of the lower strata, is indicative of the persistence of some of the more traditional Hausa religious beliefs.
	lucy.ukc.ac.uk /EthnoAtlas/Hmar/Cult_dir/Culture.7844 (1456 words)

	Hausa people - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		They speak the Hausa language which belongs to the Chadic language group, a sub-group of the larger Afro-Asiatic language family.
		Between 500 CE and 700 CE Hausa people, who had been slowly moving west from Nubia and mixing in with the local Northern and Central Nigerian population, established a number of strong states in what is now Northern and Central Nigeria and Eastern Niger.
		Hausa have an ancient culture that had an extensive coverage area, and long ties to the Arabs and other Islamized peoples in West Africa, such as the Mandé, Fulani and even the Wolof of Senega, through extended long distance trade.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hausa_people (1281 words)

	St. Michael's Anglican college Kaduna Hausa Language
		The Hausa language is the largest and best-known member of the Chadic subfamily of the Hamito-Semitic family of languages.
		It has become a common language for millions of non-Hausa West Africans, and sizeable Hausa-speaking communities exist in each major city of West and North Africa as well as along the trans-Saharan trade and pilgrimage routes.
		The Hausa are an ethnically diverse but culturally fairly homogeneous people numbering about 10 million to 15 million individuals.
	www.stmichaels-college.com /link_to_hausa_language.htm (106 words)

	Melanie Green
		Hausa is without question the most widely spoken Chadic language; in fact Schuh (1982) describes it as coming second only to Arabic in terms of the number of native speakers on the African continent.
		Hausa is spoken mainly in northern Nigeria as a first language, but also widely in surrounding areas, including the Republic of Niger, where it is also the majority language.
		There is considerable dialectal variation to be found in a language as widely spoken as Hausa, and this may be manifested in terms of differing vocabulary as well as having an effect on syntactic and morphological elements in the language.
	www.sussex.ac.uk /Users/melanieg/hausa.html (2671 words)

	PanAfrLoc \| PanAfrLoc / Hausa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Hausa belongs to the Hausa-Gwandara subgroup of the Chadic branch of Afro-Asiatic.
		It is a first language in the northern Nigerian states of Sokoto, Kaduna, Kano, and Bauchi, as well as in south central Niger.
		It is a second language for many people in Benin, Chad, Cameroon, and Togo, and it is also spoken in enclaves in Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Libya, southern Nigeria, Sudan (Blue Nile Province), Senegal, and Congo (Brazzaville).
	www.bisharat.net /wikidoc/pmwiki.php/PanAfrLoc/Hausa (595 words)

	Hausa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		While most of the Hausa live in Hausaland, some of the people are found scattered from West Africa all the way to the Congo Republic settled temporarily as traders or sometimes even permanently.
		About one-fourth of their language is derived from Arabic and the rest from Fulfulde and Kanuri languages, and even some English is incorporated into their language.
		The Hausa grow a variety of crops and vegetables during the rainy season, mainly millet, maize, and sorghum over the 4 to 5 month span.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/cultural/oldworld/africa/hausa.html (478 words)

	Hausa Translation Service - English to Hausa Translation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Language is a living thing it develops and changes constantly.
		Barikanchi is a Hausa pidgin used in military barracks.
		Subdialects of Eastern Hausa: Kano, Katagum, Hadejiya; of Western Hausa: Sokoto, Katsina, Gobirawa, Adarawa, Kebbawa, Zamfarawa; of North Hausa: Arewa, Arawa.
	www.appliedlanguage.com /languages/hausa_translation.shtml (517 words)

	Learn Hausa - Hausa Books, Courses, and Software
		Hausa is a language of great importance in West Africa, and has been studied by scholars for over a century.
		This course is a brief introduction to the essentials of this language, and leans heavily on direct observation.
		Find out which languages may be best for you: the easiest ones to learn, the most fun, and those that are most worth your investment.
	www.101language.com /hausa.html (1105 words)

	Trailblazers carry their faith to the Hausa of Nigeria - (BP) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Today, David is picking up his fourth language, Hausa, as the couple settles down in their newest assignment in a fast-growing community in Nigeria.
		Hausa, which borrows heavily from Arabic, is now the second language for many in the northern half of Nigeria, Chad, Benin and Ghana.
		A Hausa child shelters herself from the sun in the shadow cast by a mud hut in a village near Zaria, Nigeria.
	www.bpnews.net /bpnews.asp?ID=24543 (1168 words)

	MOTHERLAND NIGERIA: MORE ON LANGUAGES (by Boomie O.)
		DON'T PLAN TO DO Each section has the words in Yoruba, Ibo and Hausa, but words are not enunciated, and except for Yoruba where I use italics to indicate that there is a dot under the letter, the Hausa and Ibo are typed from a regular keyboard.
		And there have been some controversies in the past as to which one is the ''authentic'' Hausa language or the one that should be officially accepted.
		For instance, you have the Hausa language variation of Kaduna and the one from Kano.
	www.motherlandnigeria.com /more_language.html (201 words)

	Computing with Hausa
		Hausa is an Afro-Asiatic Chadic language spoken in Nigeria, Cameroon and other countries.
		Modern Hausa is written in the Roman alphabet, but includes extra letters for implosive consonants and requires special font keyboard support separate from languages like Spanish and French.
		Language tags are suggested so that search engines and screen readers parse the language of a page.
	tlt.its.psu.edu /suggestions/international/bylanguage/hausa.html (1136 words)

	Hausa language, alphabets and pronunciation
		Hausa is a Chadic language with about 39 million speakers.
		There is no standard spelling system for Hausa written with the Arabic script so there is some variation in spelling between different writers.
		A version of Hausa written with the Latin alphabet and known as boko began to emerge during the 19th century.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/hausa.htm (270 words)

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