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Topic: Haustorium

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	Santalaceae references
		The differentiation of the tracheids of the haustorium of Osyris alba parasitic on Hedera helix.
		Ultrastructure of graniferous tracheary elements in the haustorium of Exocarpus bidwillii, a root hemi-parasite of the Santalaceae.
		Anatomy and ultrastructure of the haustorium in Comandra (Santalaceae).
	www.parasiticplants.siu.edu /Santalaceae/references.html (1694 words)

	Stanford Graduate School of Plant Biology - Image Gallery Page
		A haustorium is a fungal feeding structure formed in the plant epidermal cell within 24 hours by penetration of an appressorium.
		The mature haustorium shows the expanded lobe structures (arrowheads) and migrated nucleus (nc) and is distinguished from a young haustorium with smooth surface (not shown here).
		The extrahaustorial membrane (EHM) is also formed around the haustorium to separate fungal structure from plant cytoplasm, but the characteristics of the EHM are largely unknown (drawn as dotted line).
	carnegiedpb.stanford.edu /~webguru/plantbio/imagecollection.html (626 words)

	ICPP98 Paper Number 1.3.28
		In most rust infections the first haustorium is reportedly formed between 12 and 48 h post-inoculation (h.p.i.).
		Alternatively, a small, lobed haustorium had formed at the tip of a penetration tube with little evidence of a papilla.
		In the latter case, the cytoplasm of the haustorium, its HMC and the penetrated host cell were nearly always disorganized, although rarely the haustorial and HMC cytoplasm appeared normal, while the cytoplasm of the penetrated host cell appeared disorganized.
	www.bspp.org.uk /ICPP98/1.3/28.html (539 words)

	Australian Mistletoe Propagation - an experiment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The haustorium isn't as long, but it has contaced the bark, causing a similar wet spot to the first pic.
		The haustorium has broken through the jelly stuff and appears to be wet.
		The bottom of the haustorium has flattenned and is slightly expanded - they are getting towards the shape of an elephant's foot.
	members.optusnet.com.au /davidavid/mistletoe/2.html (383 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Pscroph, a parasitic plant EST database enriched for parasite associated transcripts
		One hypothesis suggests that the genes encoding haustorium development are derived from non-plant organisms, such as bacteria or fungi, that are endophytic or which have transferred a set of genes required for haustorium formation into the parasite genome [7].
		Early haustorium development in response to exogenous signal molecules is characterized by three visible phenotypes: temporary cessation in root elongation, isodiametric cortical swelling, and haustorial hair proliferation [11,12].
		Haustorium development was induced five to seven days after the transfer of Triphysaria seedlings to vertical square plates by exposing their roots to Arabidopsis.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2229/5/24 (4249 words)

	project2
		A penetration hypha produced at the bottom of the appressorium pushes the guard apart and the fungus enters the substomatal cavity.
		From the haustorial mother cell, the rust fungus penetrates into the host cell and differentiates the haustorium with the haustorial neck and the haustorial body.
		Schematic representation of a fungal spore, an intercellular hypha, and an haustorium (orange), an infected plant cell (green), and the extrahaustorial matrix (yellow).
	www.uni-konstanz.de /FuF/Bio/AGMendgen/Biologie/Projekt2.htm (1076 words)

	Localized Hormone Fluxes and Early Haustorium Development in the Hemiparasitic Plant Triphysaria versicolor -- Tomilov ...
		Grossmann K, Kwiatkowski J (1995) Evidence of a causative role of cyanide, derived from ethylene biosynthesis, in the herbicidal mode of action of quinclorac in barnyard grass.
		Heide-Jorgensen HS, Kuijt J (1995) The haustorium of the root parasite Triphysaria (Scrophulariaceae), with special reference to xylem bridge ultrastructure.
		Tomilov A, Tomilova N, Yoder JI (2004) In vitro haustorium development in roots and root cultures on the hemiparasitic plant Triphysaria versicolor.
	www.plantphysiol.org /cgi/content/full/138/3/1469 (4948 words)

	[No title]
		The Haustorium is characterized by swelling of the root tip and the formation of specialized hairs at the root tip.
		Hastorium formation is induced by p-benzoquinones with a redox range between 0 to -250mV suggesting both oxidation and reduction are required for inducing haustorium formation.
		Regulation of Haustorium Formation: Following germination seedlings of Striga asiatica begin producing hydrogen peroxide exploiting the innate defense responses of prospective host roots by reacting with peroxidases and phenols to generate haustorial inducing quinones.
	www.chemistry.emory.edu /faculty/lynn/research/striga/index.htm (380 words)

	Heritable Variation in Quinone-Induced Haustorium Development in the Parasitic Plant Triphysaria -- Jamison and Yoder ...
		Haustorium ontogeny in Triphysaria can be monitored in vitro by applying DMBQ to the roots of in vitro cultured seedlings.
		Haustorium development includes cortical cell swelling and proliferation of epidermal hairs, followed by a resumption of root tip growth.
		The length of exposure to DMBQ needed to induce haustorium development was determined by exposing T.
	www.plantphysiol.org /cgi/content/full/125/4/1870 (4393 words)

	Triphysaria EST databases (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		EST sequences were obtained from T. versicolor roots exposed to Arabidopsis (host) roots, root exudates, or purified haustorium initiation factors.
		These early stages in haustorium development precede haustorial hair develop or swelling (see figure).
		The early DMBQ induced library (EDIT) is enriched for sequences upregulated by the purified haustorium inducing factor 2,6 dimethoxybenzoquinone (DMBQ).
	pscroph.ucdavis.edu (156 words)

	APSnet Education Center - Introductions to the Major Pathogen Groups - Introduction to Parasitic Flowering Plants (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In general, holoparasites tend to have leaves reduced to scales (or absent in Hydnoraceae), succulent stems, and a primary haustorium (derived from the seedling radicle).
		In some cases the mistletoe haustorium is localized and the only effect on the host is a smaller branch distal to the swollen infection.
		In other cases, a structure called a witches' broom is induced by the mistletoe haustorium that is composed of a dense group of host branches.
	apsnet.org /education/IntroPlantPath/PathogenGroups/Parasiticplants (6765 words)

	Sclerenchymatic guillotine in the haustorium of Nuytsia floribunda (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The haustorium (contact organ of parasitic plants) of Nuytsia floribunda (Loranthaceae) has the unique feature of a hard, clip-like fork, functioning like a guillotine in order to cut the host root into two parts.
		During the development the haustorium clings around the host root, such serving as an abutment (Widerlager), and then drives the sclerenchymatic, two-pronged fork through the host root.
		This phenomenon is published in Beyer, Forstreuter and Weber (1989): Anatomical studies of haustorium ontogeny and the remarkable mode of penetration of the haustorium in Nuytsia floribund (Labill.) R. Br.
	staff-www.uni-marburg.de /~b_morpho/nuytsia_backenzahn.html (128 words)

	ICPP98 Paper Number 1.3.14 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Because of the importance of the haustorium-plant interface in host-pathogen interactions in biotrophic fungi, we have studied haustorium development in compatible interactions and have sought evidence of haustorial specializations that might play a role in haustorium function or in communication between plant and pathogen, including possible mechanisms to avoid detection by the host plant.
		In addition, three commercially available monoclonal antibodies directed towards different epitopes on the calcium-binding protein, calmodulin, were found to bind to haustorial cell walls but not to the walls of other fungal or plant cells.
		The antigens labelled by these seven antibodies are present from the beginning of haustorium development through to haustorium maturity.
	www.bspp.org.uk /ICPP98/1.3/14.html (563 words)

	Identification and characterization of TvPirin as a candidate gene for haustorium development in the parasitic plant ...
		This upregulation pattern is strongest in the root region of the haustorium phenotype, less so in the remaining of the roots, and not detected in the shoots of Triphysaria.
		We are currently investigating TvPirin protein levels and its transcript tissue-specific localization in Triphysaria roots in the presence and absence of haustorium inducers.
		We are also testing TvPirin's involvement in haustorium development by gene silencing with RNAi and ectopic expression under a chemical inducible promoter in transgenic Triphysaria plants.
	abstracts.aspb.org /pb2003/public/P72/1465.html (284 words)

	Section through a secondary haustorium of Pedicularis palustris (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Parasitic flowering plants develop haustoria, which actively penetrate the tissue of host plants for nutritional purposes.
		The general structure of such a haustorium is shown on this picture.
		The body of the haustorium consists of parenchymatic ground tissue and a central vascular tissue.
	staff-www.uni-marburg.de /~b_morpho/sek_haust.html (102 words)

	Australian Mistletoe Propagation - an experiment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Time for a new pic of the developing leaflets coming out of the haustorium.
		We had some strong winds a couple of days ago, and I think that it could have been brushed off by the tree as it was blown about.
		That's one on the Eucalypt, and the fl arrow is indicating that the bark is split around the haustorium - it has well and truly entered the plant.
	members.optushome.com.au /davidavid/mistletoe/3.html (613 words)

	Find in a Library: Haustorium development in the parasitic plant, Triphysaria (Orobanchaceae) : a genetic and molecular ...
		Find in a Library: Haustorium development in the parasitic plant, Triphysaria (Orobanchaceae) : a genetic and molecular analysis
		Haustorium development in the parasitic plant, Triphysaria (Orobanchaceae) : a genetic and molecular analysis
		WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries.
	worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/ca123a19e24aa0f5a19afeb4da09e526.html (73 words)

	[No title]
		The normal germination process of the coco-nut begins by an enlargement of the embryo, whereby the cotyledon commences to grow inwards to an absorbing organ (haustorium), and thereby comes to protrude outside the endosperm and into the central cavity.
		Given that the germination, being in progress, is stopped by some cause or other, thus preventing the further development of the haustorium it is conceivable that the haustorium in this state might become encrusted by the influence of the coco-nut milk, and that from this the completely petrified cocos-pearl would gradually be formed.
		This discovery, in my opinion, warrants the inference that the cocos-pearl actually represents a calcified haustorium, which has been retained in the nut after the primary germination was checked, owing to the plumule not being able to get through the shell.
	cocos.arecaceae.com /mercantile.html (10440 words)

	Botany online: Interactions - Plants - Fungi - Haustorium - Puccinia graminis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Please notice, that the plasmalemma of the host cell (at the right of the picture) encloses the fungus hyphae.
		A lot of electron-dense material is deposited around the haustorium.
		Cut chloroplasts with starch inclusions can be recognized in the host cell.
	www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de /b-online/e33/8.htm (74 words)

	haustorium - Dictionnaire Français-Anglais WordReference.com
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	www.wordreference.com /fren/haustorium (49 words)

	haustorium - English-French Dictionary - WordReference.com
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	www.wordreference.com /enfr/haustorium (57 words)

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