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Topic: Hawaiian Eruption

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	Hawaiian Eruptions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Hawaiian eruptions are characterized by lava-effusion (an eruption of lava which most commonly gives rise to lava flows).
		Hawaiian eruptions result in vast, gentle volcanoes known as shields or shield volcanoes.
		Note that the Hawaiian volcanoes are associated with a hot spot.
	library.thinkquest.org /17457/volcanoes/erupts.hawaiian.php (74 words)

	Vic Camp - Hawaiian eruptions
		Hawaiian eruptions are the calmest of the eruption types.
		Eruptions are also common in central vents near the summit of shield volcanoes, and along fissures radiating outward from the summit area.
		However, this is dwarfed by the 1600 m fire fountain generated by an Hawaiian eruption on the Japanese Island of Oshima in 1986.
	www.geology.sdsu.edu /how_volcanoes_work/Hawaiian.html (892 words)

	Hawaiian Volcanoes
		Eruptions in the Hawaiian volcanoes are usually preceded by a series of earthquakes which open fissures and allow magma to reach the surface.
		Hawaiian flows are considered to issue forth relatively quietly since the lava is quite fluid, and the gases escape readily without the disruption of the lava into ash or cinders.
		Before eruption, water and dissolved gases are confined by the pressure of the overlying rocks, but as the magma rises to the surface the pressure drops and the gases are released.
	www.solarviews.com /eng/hawaii.htm (2481 words)

	Hawaiian Eruptions - John Seach (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Hawaiian eruptions describe a style of eruption typically seen on shield volcanoes.
		Hawaiian eruptions involves lava fountains and lava flows.
		Hawaiian eruptions are spectacular and the most photogenic of all eruption types.
	www.volcanolive.com /hawaiian.html (32 words)

	Volcano Research
		Hawaiian eruptions are “noted for their spectacular jet-like spray of lava called fire fountains” (Camp, Vic).
		During an eruption, fragments of lava are ejected in a “parabolic path that cumulate around the vent to form the volcanoes body” (Camp, Vic).
		The eruption of this volcano resuled in few deaths, but it was the first time scientists could study a volcano from its birth to it extinction.
	www.personal.psu.edu /swm147/volcano_research.html (1846 words)

	Volcanic Terminology - PDC
		Hawaiian word used to describe a lava flow whose surface is broken into rough angular fragments.
		Eruptions range from the quiet overflow of liquid rock to the tremendously violent expulsion of pyroclastics.
		An explosive eruption in which a steady, turbulent stream of fragmented magma and magmatic gases is released at a high velocity from a vent.
	www.pdc.org /iweb/volcano_terms.jsp (3477 words)

	Volcano Glossary
		Eruption: The process by which solid, liquid, and gaseous materials are ejected into the earth's atmosphere and onto the earth's surface by volcanic activity.
		Plinian eruption:An explosive eruption in which a steady, turbulent stream of fragmented magma and magmatic gases is released at a high velocity from a vent.
		Strombolian eruption: A type of volcanic eruption characterized by jetting of clots or fountains of fluid basaltic lava from a central crater.
	members.tripod.com /Midju/glossary.html (2598 words)

	Kilauea Volcano Eruption Information
		NPS eruption crew Saturday evening report: A split plume was visible from the East Lae`apuki ocean entry and a medium plume from Ka`ili`ili entry.
		NPS eruption crew Wednesday evening report: In the early evening, 2 lava streams were visible entering the ocean on the west side of the East Lae`apuki entry with a larger stream pouring in at the tip.
		NPS eruption crew Monday evening report: A wide stream of lava was visible entering the ocean on the west side of the East Lae`apuki bench.
	www.volcanogallery.com /volcano_eruption.htm (4313 words)

	KINDS OF VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
		Photograph of Hawaiian eruption at Puu Oo, a central vent, on the flank of Kilauea copyrighted by Paul Buklarewicz.
		Mauna Ulu eruption began as a fissure eruption and evolved to a central vent.
		Hawaiian eruptions are characterized by quiet, effusive eruptions that result from the low viscosity, low gas content, and high eruption temperatures of Hawaiian magmas.
	volcano.und.nodak.edu /vwdocs/vwlessons/kinds/kinds.html (2836 words)

	Volcanoes & Iceland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Plinian eruption - an extremely explosive eruption in which a steady, turbulent stream of fragmented magma and magmatic gas is released at a high velocity from a vent.
		Plinian eruptions are characterized by large volumes of pyroclastics and tall eruption columns.
		Strombolian eruption - a type of volcanic eruption characterized by jetting of clots or "fountains" of fluid basaltic lava from a central crater.
	www.casdn.neu.edu /~geology/department/staff/colgan/iceland/volcanos.htm (1358 words)

	Volcanic Activity and Eruptions - PDC
		The type of eruption determines the relative volume and type of volcaniclastic material and lava flow, and consequently the shape and size of the volcano.
		The energy and characteristics of a Plinian eruption depends on the gas content of the magma, exit pressure, viscosity, vent radius and shape, and volume of magma erupted.
		Hawaiian eruptions consist of basaltic, highly fluid lava with low-gas content that produces effusive lava flows and some pyroclastic debris.
	www.pdc.org /iweb/volcano_activity.jsp (734 words)

	WebRoots Library U.S. History
		Hawaiian legends tell that eruptions were caused by Pele, the beautiful but tempestuous Goddess of Volcanoes, during her frequent moments of anger.
		Hawaiian eruptions are typically gentle because their lava is highly fluid and thus tends to flow freely both beneath the surface and upon eruption.
		Hawaiian eruptions typically start with lava fountains spouting from a series of nearly continuous fissures, "curtain(s) of fire." As most eruptions progress, lava-fountain activity becomes localized at a single vent (an opening from which lava issues), generally within hours of the initial outbreak.
	www.webroots.org /library/usahist/eohvppf0.html (14139 words)

	Untitled
		As the name implies hawaiian eruptions are common on Hawaiian volcanoes, but they are also the major type of eruptive behavior at almost all basaltic shield volcanoes around the world.
		So...in a Hawaiian eruption there is magma moving from deep in the volcano towards the surface, and as it does, bubbles are first nucleating and then expanding.
		There is a range in heights of hawaiian lava fountains, and most of this range is due to variations in the initial amount of gas available and the amount that may have escaped while the magma is migrating through the volcano.
	www.higp.hawaii.edu /~scott/hwn.htm (1151 words)

	Eruptions.MeltDown.at
		The type of eruption that occurs is affected by the composition of the magma present and the amount of water vapor.
		These eruptions are set apart by their steady flow of lava, which builds up large shield volcanoes, and low amount of tephra produced.
		This diagram shows the amount of explosiveness relative to the height of the eruption column for the various types of eruptions.
	www.angelfire.com /nb/hack1/Eruptions.html (687 words)

	Volcanic and Geologic Terms (Vanuatu Tourism)
		Accessory: A mineral whose presence in a rock is not essential to the proper classification of the rock.
		Plinian Eruption: An explosive eruption in which a steady, turbulent stream of fragmented magma and magmatic gases is released at a high velocity from a vent.
		Renewed Volcanism State: Refers to a state in the evolution of a typical Hawaiian volcano during which --after a long period of quiescence--lava and tephra erupt intermittently.
	www.vanuatu.net.vu /tourism/intro/volcanoe/volcanic-and-geologic-terms.shtml (4532 words)

	The Volcanos of Guatemala - English
		Eruptions were noted by the Spanish in the 16th century.
		The city of Quetzaltenango was buried under a half meter of ash and the ash column reached an altitude of 30km (100,000 feet).
		Fuego is very interesting to scientists because it has been in almost constant eruption since 1524 (over 400 years) with numerous large explosive eruptions and frequent earthquakes.
	www.mayaparadise.com /volcanos/volguatee.htm (1705 words)

	HAWAII VOLCANO, "MAP OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS", VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS, HAWAII LAVA MAPS
		The Hawaiian name "Kilauea" means "spewing" or "much spreading," apparently in reference to the lava flows that erupt from the Hawaiian Volcanos.
		The Hawaiian Islands are located at the southeast end of a chain of volcanoes that are thought to have formed some 70 million years ago.
		Each Hawaiian island is made of one or more volcanoes which first erupted on the floor of the ocean and emerged above the ocean's surface to form each island after countless eruptions.
	1800sunstar.com /zhawaii-maps/hawaii-volcano/00hawaii-volcano-cone-map.html (565 words)

	Geology 208: Quiz #1
		Helens 1980 eruption, lahars and steam plume in 09/23/2004.
		Helen's eruption in slow motion and current sampling of gas from lava dome.
		- Laki Volcanic eruption in Iceland in 1793.
	spot.pcc.edu /~ksutton/GEO208/208audiovideo.html (1782 words)

	POMPEII ::
		The eruption of the volcano, Vesuvius which killed thousands living in Pompeii went through several stages of eruption.
		During the first eight hours of the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 CE, they fell on Pompeii to depths of 2 to 4 metres.
		In the next stage of the eruption, a super hot cloud of steam and mud flowed down the side of Vesuvius and covered the city of Pompeii.
	www.freewebs.com /adamspompeii/theeruption.htm (228 words)

	Shield Volcanoes
		These slopes are a result of eruptions and venting of basaltic lava which tend to flow gently over vast areas and also produce sub-surface lava tubes which enable the flow of the material over long distances from the producing vents.
		When the supply of lava stops at the end of an eruption or lava is diverted elsewhere, lava in the tube system drains downslope and leaves partially empty conduits beneath the ground.
		Hawaiian eruptions are noted for their non-explosive nature and approachability.
	spot.pcc.edu /~mhutson/cas112_final_project/maunaloa.htm (573 words)

	Haleakala National Park Hawaiian Volcanoes Eruption History - Haleakala Bike Tours by Maui Downhill Bicycle Safaris
		Early eruptions are entirely underwater, but the rate of upbuilding exceeds the rate of subsidence.
		Other volcanoes elsewhere in the Hawaiian Islands that are currently in the post-shield alkalic stage are Hualalai and Mauna Kea on the Island of Hawaii.
		Lengthy periods of erosion may precede or be interspersed with eruptions of the renewed volcanism stage.
	www.mauidownhill.com /haleakala/volcanoes/eruptionhistory.html (751 words)

	NWA Volcanic Ash Course Lesson 1 - Volcanoes and Volcanic Ash
		Tephra: A general term for fragments of volcanic rock and lava regardless of size that are blasted into the air by explosions or carried upward by hot gases in eruption columns or lava fountains.
		The image at the left shows the numbers of eruptions that reached each altitude between the years of 1975 to 1985.
		The minerals and rock in the volcanic ash cloud are the solid constituents of an eruption while the glass is formed from the rapid cooling of the molten magma.
	www.nwas.org /committees/aviation_volcano/volcanic_ash/Vol_Ash_Threat.htm (976 words)

	NMBGMR - How did the Carrizozo Malpais form?
		The Hawaiian-style eruption is very passive, and is typically characterized by magma pouring from a small vent in the earth's surface, and then travelling either across the earth's surface or through a series of lava tubes until it cools and solidifies.
		Geologists estimate that the entire Carrizozo eruption would have taken between 2 to 3 decades (Keszthelyi and Pieri, 1993), and that the eruption would have proceeded at a slow, steady rate.
		For more information on Hawaiian lava flows, and some nice images of active flows, go to the following United States Geological Survey Web Site The vent from which the Carrizozo lava flows issued is at the north end of the lava flow field, and is called "Little Black Peak".
	geoinfo.nmt.edu /tour/landmarks/carrizozo/how_formed.html (484 words)

	[No title]
		Hawaiian rolled up 10 medals in the keiki division, including six golds and three silvers, en route to a club record 153 points from the youth paddlers.
		Even Hawaiian’s Lauren Spalding, who competed kayaking at the Athens Olympics, got into the act literally taking a break from feeding her two-week old baby and jumping into a boat with Dane Ward, Margie Kawaiaea and Theresa Felgate for the women’s open 4 race.
		Hawaiian had victories in the 14 girls, 15 girls, 15 boys, 16 girls and 16 boys races.
	www.mauinews.com /story.aspx?id=11259 (881 words)

	Hawaiian Names and Places (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Kilauea volcano lower East Rift Zone eruption of 1960 which resulted in the destruction of the village of Kapoho; 10 km2 of land was covered by the eruption, which occurred 50 km (30 miles) downrift from the summit.
		Youngest expresssion of the Hawaiian hot spot; located 35 km (21 miles) off the southern coast of the Big Island, rising 3080 m (9240 ft) high to within 1100 m (3300 ft) of the sea surface.
		The Kupainaha lava pond was active from 1986 to 1993, and the current eruption consists primarily of lava channels and tubes which emanate from Pu'u O'o and travel downhill over 10 km (6 miles) where they erupt into the ocean.
	www.punaridge.org /doc/misc/Hawaiian.htm (1544 words)

	Eruptions.MeltDown.at
		Airfall or ashfall: The ash that falls from the eruption cloud.
		Scoria: Lava that cooled during descent from an eruption, trapping gases inside of it.
		Strombolian eruption: An eruption in which lava explodes from the crater of a volcano to form arcs in the sky and flow down the slopes in fast-moving streams.
	www.angelfire.com /nb/hack1/Terms.html (609 words)

	Volcanic and Geologic Terms \| Taken From Volcano World
		Accessory: A mineral whose presence in a rock is not essential to the properclassification of the rock.
		Compound Volcano:A volcano that consists of a complex of two or more vents, or a volcano that has an associated volcanic dome, either in its crater or on its flanks.
		Peralkaline: Igneous rocks in which the molecular proportion of aluminum oxide is less than that of sodium and potassium oxides combined.
	www.ferndale.wednet.edu /nb/facts/maps/baker/glossary.htm (4320 words)

	Honolulu Star-Bulletin News /2005/05/23/
		HILO » Hawaiian Volcano Observatory geologist Michael Poland is looking at Mauna Loa from space with radar.
		The process will eventually lead to an eruption, but the buildup could go on for years, they said.
		Hawaiian Volcano Observatory geophysicist Michael Poland prepared to take a reading of the degree of ground tilt caused by magma inside Mauna Loa during a recent trip to the summit.
	starbulletin.com /2005/05/23/news/story2.html (492 words)

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