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Topic: Hawaiian Kingdom

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Hawaiian monarchy

Kingdom of Hawaii

Kamehameha V

Charles Reed Bishop

Kamehameha II

Kamehameha Dynasty

Ruth Keelikolani

History of Hawaii

Liliuokalani

Republic of Hawaii

Provisional Government of Hawaii

Territory of Hawaii

David Kalakaua

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Flag of Hawaii

	Hawaii - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		All of the Hawaiian Islands were formed by volcanoes arising from the sea floor through a vent described in geological theory as a hotspot.
		The isolation of the Hawaiian Islands in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, and the wide range of environments to be found on high islands located in and near the tropics, has resulted in a vast array of endemic flora and fauna.
		Hawaiian Pidgin finds its origins in the sugarcane and pineapple plantations as laborers from different cultures were forced to find their own ways of communicating and understanding each other.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hawaii (4668 words)

	Office of Hawaiian Affairs [OHA] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Native Hawaiian land tenure built upon a system in which land is held in common for the benefit of all and upon the concept of "renewable resources." They establish a system whereby they can feed over 1,000,000 people without depleting or destroying resources for future generations.
		The intent of the Mahele is to divide the land equally among the King, the ali'i (nobles) and the maka'ainana (commoners).
		The Native Hawaiian population declines from an estimated 1,000,000 in 1778 to an alarming 22,600.
	www.oha.org /cat_content.asp?contentid=19&catid=42 (1931 words)

	The Hawaiian Sovereignty Movement: Non-Hawaiians - 3. HISTORY OF HAWAIIAN SOVEREIGNTY MOVEMENT
		Whatever the actions of the Hawaiian monarchs, whatever the validity of the charges of irresponsibility or ineptitude made against them by Americans with vested interests in the islands, it was the prerogative of native Hawaiians to determine their form of government.
		Moreover, the Native Hawaiian segment of the population was vastly opposed to annexation.
		Many Hawaiians, nevertheless, have charged that the Native Hawaiian Vote process is controlled by the state of Hawai'i and violates their right of self-determination.
	www.hookele.com /non-hawaiians/chapter3.html (3805 words)

	The Value of Hawaiian Sovereignty
		The very first days of the present Hawaiian sovereignty movement began in 1893 with the U.S. participation of the illegal overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom and subsequent annexation of Hawai‘i to the United States in 1898.
		Hawaiians are also offered the sovereign models of a Nation within a Nation and State within a State governments.
		Hawaiians are clearly a nation, however for a nation to be sovereign and independent they must have a form of government.
	members.aol.com /lvhalau/haw-sov.htm (1166 words)

	Hawaiian Kingdom Writ of Mandamus
		The Petitioner and Respondent are parties in office to the Treaty of 1850, also known as the "most favored nation treaty," entered between the Hawaiian Kingdom and the Republic of the United States of America, and are obligated to faithfully discharge their executive duties.
		The unlawful occupation of the Hawaiian Kingdom by the United States, since August 12, 1898, has resulted in the denial and usurpation of native Hawaiian "vested" and "civil rights" secured to the same by the Constitution and laws of the Hawaiian Kingdom.
		All Hawaiian laws and Constitutional principles of the Hawaiian Kingdom not inconsistent herewith shall be in force until amended by the Legislative Council to be hereafter convened under and by virtue of the laws of the Hawaiian Kingdom.
	www.hawaii-nation.org /mandamus.html (1963 words)

	THE STORY OF THE USURPATION OF THE KINGDOM OF HAWAII
		She faced the crowds, promising a new constitution "tomorrow," using a Hawaiian word that was ambiguous as to the actual timeline involved: It could have been the next day, or the next decade.
		And the annexation of the Hawaiian Islands, as a refueling stopover for American forces in their administration of the new colony of the Phillipines, was immediately perceived as an over-riding interest that had to be implemented.
		When the Hawaiian flag was lowered, it was immediately cut into small pieces and given to the children of the missionaries as a souvenir of their victory over the Hawaiian Kingdom.
	www.worldfreeinternet.net /archive/arc10.htm (3952 words)

	The Honolulu Advertiser \| Opinion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Non-Hawaiian subjects of the Hawaiian Kingdom are being ignored in the discussions of sovereignty and compensation that have grown out of the 1893 revolution and the 1993 Congressional Resolution of Apology.
		Thousands of other subjects of the kingdom, many of whom had nothing to do with the revolution or even opposed it, are in the same boat.
		The speaker of the republic House, for example, John Kaulu-kou, was a full-blooded Hawaiian and outspoken advocate of annexation.
	the.honoluluadvertiser.com /2000/Mar/26/opinion5.html (1109 words)

	Sovereign Hawaiian Government - Agenda (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The law did not assume that the whole of the Hawaiian Kingdom Government, being separate and distinct from the nation state of the Hawaiian Islands under international law, would be made vacant.
		In order for the Government of the Hawaiian Kingdom to be re-established and the Legislative Assembly to be re-assembled, an Acting Executive Head of State must be established in conformity with the laws of the Hawaiian Kingdom.
		Article 42 of the Hawaiian Constitution, 1887, provides that the Cabinet Council consists of the Minister of Foreign Affairs, the Minister of Interior, the Minister of Finance and the Attorney General of the Kingdom.
	www.sovereignhawaii.com /agenda.htm (456 words)

	Hawaiian Nation question before U.N. Security Council [Free Republic]
		The Hawaiian Kingdom has requested the Security Council, in accordance with Article 36(1) of the United Nations Charter, to investigate the Hawaiian Kingdom question, in particular, the merits of the complaint, and to recommend appropriate procedures of methods of adjustment.
		The Hawaiian Kingdom acquired the recognition of its independence on December 19, 1842, by the United States of America; April 1, 1843, by the United Kingdom; and by joint proclamation between the United Kingdom and France on November 28, 1843.
		Hawaiians submitted a petition to Congress with 29,000 signatures opposing annexation, and petitions to the Republic of Hawai`i, asking that annexation be put to a public vote.
	www.freerepublic.com /forum/a3b47564d4928.htm (10364 words)

	Fraudulent Hague Arbitration -- The Use of "the International Court at the Hague" for a Propaganda Circus
		Instead of using existing kingdom laws, the federal government passed laws that were illegally applied to the islands, including those that set up Hawai'i as a territory in 1900 and as a state in 1959, he said.
		Her ouster as head of state of the kingdom didn't occur, and the annexation of the Hawaiian Islands to the U.S. was illegal, he said.
		One is that the Kingdom is under military occupation by the United States and its puppet regime the State of Hawai'i, and therefore the Kingdom cannot protect Mr.
	www.angelfire.com /hi2/hawaiiansovereignty/fraudhague.html (4308 words)

	Hawaiian Kingdom - The U.S. Occupation
		The report concluded that the United States legation assigned to the Hawaiian Kingdom, together with United States Marines and Naval personnel, were directly responsible for the illegal overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom government.
		The report details the culpability of the United States government in violating international laws and the sovereignty of the Hawaiian Kingdom, but the United States Government fails to follow through in its commitment to assist in reinstating the constitutional government of the Hawaiian Kingdom.
		As a result of the Spanish-American War, the United States opted to unilaterally annex the Hawaiian Islands by enacting a congressional joint resolution on July 7, 1898, in order to utilize the Hawaiian Islands as a military base to fight the Spanish in Guam and the Philippines.
	www.hawaiiankingdom.org /us-occupation.shtml (1043 words)

	Royalty.nu - The History of Hawaii - Hawaiian Royalty
		The other Hawaiian islands were controlled by other kings, but Kamehameha conquered and united them, becoming ruler of all the islands by 1810.
		To Steal a Kingdom by Michael Dougherty relates in detail how the Hawaiian royal family lost control of their country.
		The Hawaiian Kingdom 1778-1854, Foundation and Transformation by Ralph Simpson Kuykendall.
	www.royalty.nu /America/Hawaii.html (3190 words)

	The Honolulu Advertiser \| Local News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		At issue is whether the Hawaiian kingdom still exists, a notion widely ridiculed by local courts of law and public opinion, but firmly held by supporters of a "lawful" Hawaiian government operating under a constitution that predates the 1893 overthrow.
		Representing the Hawaiian kingdom in the case is David Keanu Sai, the self-proclaimed interior minister of the Hawaiian kingdom.
		Larsen filed his complaint for injunctive relief last year in U.S. District Court, saying the United States and the Hawaiian kingdom violated their 1849 Treaty of Commerce, Friendship and Navigation when they allowed him to be penalized under U.S. domestic law.
	the.honoluluadvertiser.com /2000/Dec/07/127localnews18.html (335 words)

	The Woman Who Changed A Kingdom - Hawaiian Queen Ka'ahumanu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		She would transform the foundations of a kingdom, while overthrowing an ancient religion and challenging the reigning religion of the west.
		The strong taboos of the Hawaiian religion stifled her, the taboos enforced so no one would anger the many gods upon whom life and death depended.
		Hawaiian women plunged into the ocean to offer their bodies to the foreign sailors, craving the luxuries as much as potential pregnancies.
	www.coffeetimes.com /july98.htm (1996 words)

	Hawaiian Kingdom Government - Welcome
		The primary objective of the Hawaiian Kingdom Government is to expose the occupation of our nation within the framework of the 1907 Hague Conventions IV and V and our domestic statutes, and to provide a foundation for transition and the ultimate end of the occupation of the Hawaiian Kingdom.
		Presently, the Hawaiian Islands reluctantly serves as the HQ's for the largest of the nine unified military commands of the United States armed forces in the world, U.S. Pacific Command (USPACOM).
		On July 5, 2001, the Hawaiian Kingdom Government filed a Complaint Against the United States with the Security Council of the United Nations regarding the United States' occupation of the Hawaiian Islands.
	www.hawaiiankingdom.org (636 words)

	Hawaii Island Journal - Last Issue Stories (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Now, faced with the very real possibility that all programs to benefit Native Hawaiians will be declared unconstitutional and eliminated, OHA is supporting a form of sovereignty, similar to the limited sovereignty that some Indian tribes have on the mainland.
		Harp says Native Hawaiians are not Native Americans, that they were a sovereign nation and should return to being a sovereign nation.
		But it is clear the Hawaiian sovereignty movement is a serious political movement and such movements are not neat and tidy.
	hawaiiislandjournal.com /stories/02a04a.htm (2211 words)

	Hawaiian Independence Blog
		Hawaiian Homelands being threatened is one of main scare tactics that has been used to try to generate support for the bill, often with very misleading information.
		Hawaiian nationals are not in the same situation as "Native Americans" or "Native Alaskans." Hawaiians are subjects of a sovereign state that has been occupied.
		Indeed, the whole military force of her kingdom was on her side and at her disposal, while the Committee of Safety, by actual search, had discovered that there were but very few arms in Honolulu that were not in the service of the Government.
	www.hawaiiankingdom.info (8530 words)

	Maui Nui Culture Links - HAWAIIAN RIGHTS and SOVEREIGNTY
		In the nineteenth century the Kingdom of Hawaii was recognized internationally as a sovereign and independent country, with treaties with every major nation at that time, including several with the United States.
		Today the Hawaiian sovereignty movement is highly active, and even mainstream political leaders recognize that it is not a matter of if, but when and in what form sovereignty will come to the islands.
		This political movement parallels the cultural renaissance, and the struggle for other Hawaiian rights, much of which centers on land and water, which are sacred to the Hawaiian people as the caretakers of these islands.
	www.mauiculture.net /kuhikuhi/ea.html (846 words)

	Asian American Online Museum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The key historical event that allows for Hawaiian statehood was the United States-sponsored overthrow of Queen Lili'uokalani in 1893 and subsequent annexation of Hawai'i as an American territory in 1898.
		Queen Lili'uokalani took the throne in 1891, unaware of the fact that she would be the last monarch of the Hawaiian Kingdom.
		At the 1978 Constitutional Convention, the delegates responded to the demands of multiple Native Hawaiian organizations by creating the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA) as a semi-autonomous, self-governing body designed to be by and for the descendants of the original Kingdom of Hawai'i.
	www.asiansinamerica.org /museum/0804_museum.html (1262 words)

	Honolulu Star-Bulletin Hawaii News
		Larsen claimed that his rights were violated because the U.S.-occupied Hawaiian kingdom did not protect him when he spent 30 days in jail in October 1999 for driving his car without a license, license plate, safety check and registration.
		The trio also discussed the 1993 U.S. resolution that apologized to Hawaiians for the involvement of its citizens in the 1893 overthrow of the Hawaiian government, last year's landmark Rice-vs.-Cayetano case, as well as Sai's involvement in the now-defunct Perfect Title Co., which based land titles on 19th-century kingdom law.
		Hawaii attorney Gary Victor Dubin, the acting kingdom's second agent, told arbitrators that this is a unique case because participation of a third party either could be moot or it could be required.
	starbulletin.com /2001/01/02/news/story1.html (654 words)

	Hawaiian Reformed Catholic Church - Hawaii
		The Hawaiian Reformed Catholic Church was established in 1862, the result of written request of King Kamehameha IV (Alexander Liholiho) to Victoria, Queen of England.
		The first ideas for a Hawaiian-British Church came into being from Hawaiian Royalty as far back as Kamehameha I. However, this royal desire was not fulfilled until 1862 when Queen Victoria of England granted mission to the Archbishop of Canterbury to establish a Hawaiian-British mission in the Kingdom of Hawaii.
		King Kamehameha V was confirmed by Bishop Staley and assisted greatly in the Building of the Cathedral (St. Andrews) and the raising of funds for the Hawaiian Reformed Catholic Church.
	jesusfocus.org /hrcc (682 words)

	Honolulu Star-Bulletin Hawaii News
		More than a century after the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy and 40 years after statehood, an agent for the acting Hawaiian Kingdom plans to defend the nation next month in oral hearings set before an international court at The Hague, Netherlands.
		He filed a federal lawsuit that accused both the kingdom and the U.S. of not protecting him as a Hawaiian subject.
		Sai said kingdom records show Hawaii was recognized as an independent nation in 1843 and, under international law, one country cannot colonize another country.
	starbulletin.com /2000/11/24/news/story2.html (434 words)

	Hawaiian Kingdom Arbitration - Synopsis
		In the federal lawsuit, Lance Larsen accused both defendants (United States & the Hawaiian Kingdom) of violating their 1849 Treaty of Commerce, Friendship and Navigation by allowing U.S. domestic law to be imposed within the territorial dominion of the Hawaiian Kingdom over the person of Lance Paul Larsen.
		On October 29, 1999, a settlement was reached between representatives for Lance Larsen, and representatives of the Hawaiian Kingdom government, agreeing to dismiss the United States and all nominal Defendants from the lawsuit and stipulate to the Federal Court their intention to settle their dispute under the rules of the Permanent Court of Arbitration.
		The settlement, subsequently approved by U.S. Federal Judge Samuel King, resulted in a dismissal of the lawsuit and stipulated that Lance Paul Larsen and the Hawaiian Kingdom submit the case to the Permanent Court of Arbitration for final and binding arbitration.
	www.alohaquest.com /arbitration/synopsis.htm (556 words)

	Ka Lahui: Hawaiian Independence Day (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Hawaiian delegation, while in the United States of America, secured the assurance of U.S. President Tyler on December 19, 1842 of its recognition of Hawaiian independence, and then proceeded to meet Sir George Simpson in Europe and secure formal recognition by Great Britain and France.
		On March 17, 1843, King Louis-Phillipe of France recognizes Hawaiian independence at the urging of King Leopold of Belgium, and on April 1, 1843, Lord Aberdeen on behalf of Her Britannic Majesty Queen Victoria, assured the Hawaiian delegation that:
		As a result of this recognition, the Hawaiian Kingdom entered into treaties with the major nations of the world and had established over ninety legations and consulates in multiple seaports and cities.
	www.unpo.org /news_detail.php?arg=28&par=1548 (599 words)

	Apology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		To acknowledge the 100th anniversary of the January 17, 1893 overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii, and to offer an apology to Native Hawaiians on behalf of the United States for the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii.
		Whereas, on the afternoon of January 17, 1893, a Committee of Safety that represented the American and European sugar planters, descendents of missionaries, and financiers deposed the Hawaiian monarchy and proclaimed the establish ment of a Provisional Gov ernment;
		Whereas the Native Hawaiian people are determined to preserve, develop and transmit to future generations their ancestral territory, and their cultural identity in accordance with their own spiritual and traditional beliefs, custo ms, practices, language, and social institutions;
	www.kekiai.org /education/Apology_Bill.html (1310 words)

	Hawaiian Kingdom Complaint in US Supreme Court, 8/7/1998
		The Hawaiian Kingdom, by its Regent, pro tempore, David Keanu Sai, has filed a Complaint in the United States Supreme Court on August 7, 1998.
		A. That a decree be entered adjudging and declaring that the Defendants have violated the 1849 Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation, the 1875 Commercial Reciprocity Convention, the 1884 Supplementary Convention, the 1993 Apology Law, and principles of customary international law related to the Hawaiian Kingdom and its Subjects, the Native Hawaiian People.
		One hundred five years ago, the Hawaiian Kingdom was stolen by a group of American citizens acting with the illegal support of the United States government.
	www.hawaii-nation.org /mandamus2-pr1.html (429 words)

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