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Topic: Hawaiian Monk Seal

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	Hawaiian Monk Seal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The population of the Hawaiian monk seal is estimated to be around 1,200 to 1,400 seals.
		The Hawaiian monk seals live off of a diet that consists of a majority of fish, eels, octopus, and lobster, which is usually caught during the night.
		While breeding on the islands the monk seals feed on reef fishes, octopuses, eels, and spiny lobsters that are found in relatively shallow waters close to the shore.
	www.orecity.k12.or.us /ochs/departments/science/species/monkseal.html (1654 words)

	Hawaiian Monk Seal Fact Sheet
		Mediterranean monk seals are found in the Aegean Sea, along the Mediterranean coast of Morocco, along the Algerian coast of Tunisia and in the eastern Mediterranean Sea.
		Hawaiian monk seals are normally found on the leeward (southwest) sides of the northwestern Hawaiian islands, and occasionally sighted in the main Hawaiian islands.
		Monk seals are also assumed to prey on pelagic (open ocean) species, but only because the monk seal is known to travel long distances in the open ocean.
	www.maui.net /~pacwhale/childrens/fsmonkseal.html (1187 words)

	Profiles: Hawaiian Monk Seal, Monachus schauinslandi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Hawaiian monk seal is found on the sandy beaches and in the surrounding waters of the northwestern Hawaiian Archipelago, known as the Leeward Chain: Kure Atoll, Midway Atoll, Pearl and Hermes Reef, Lisianski Island, Laysan Island and French Frigate Shoals.
		Hawaiian monk seal females reach a length of 2.3 m and weigh up to 273 kg; males are slightly smaller, measuring up to 2.1 m and weighing about 230 kg.
		Monk seals tend to be solitary, both on land and in the water.
	www.monachus.org /profiles/hawaseal.htm (757 words)

	Tern Island Monk Seals
		The brownish pelt of a mature monk seal is often marked with scars from shark bites, cuts from sharp pieces of reef, and scars from being entangled in fishing gear.
		Hawaiian monk seals feed on reef fishes, octopuses, eels, spiny lobsters, and other crustaceans that are found in relatively shallow waters.
		In the French Frigate Shoals, starvation is one of the principal causes of monk seal mortality.
	www.ternisland.com /wildlife/monkseals/default.htm (631 words)

	Monk Seals
		The Hawaiian monk seal is endemic to the southwestern beaches of the northwestern islands and atolls of the Hawaiian archipelago.
		Monk seals of all species are 20-30lbs in weight and about three feet in length at birth.
		The bioaccumulation of toxins in monk seals from ocean pollutant is another cause of death.
	www2.canisius.edu /~noonan/cac_marine_mammals/monk_seals.htm (1045 words)

	Hawaiian Monk Seal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is estimated that fewer than 1,400 Hawaiian Monk Seals exist today (2004).
		In Hawaii, the following factors have contributed to the seal's decline: death from predation by sharks, reduced pup survival as the result of human disturbances, ciguatera poisoning, high male to female ratios during the breeding season, and entanglement in fishing nets and debris.
		Considerable current research is being conducted on this species including research conducted by the the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in conjunction with the Marine Mammal Center.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hawaiian_Monk_Seal (711 words)

	ANIMAL BYTES - Monk Seals
		Monk seals tend to be dark brown to grayish brown on the dorsal side and lighter yellow to whitish ventrally.
		Monk seals, along with bearded seals, are the only phocids that have two pairs of abdominal mammae.
		Hawaiian monk seals are found throughout the northwestern chain of the outermost Hawaiian Islands and occasionally on the main island group.
	www.seaworld.org /animal-info/animal-bytes/animalia/eumetazoa/coelomates/deuterostomes/chordata/craniata/mammalia/pinnipedia/monk-seals.htm (791 words)

	PI-Hawaiian Monk Seal
		An adult monk seal is usually dark grey or brown with a light grey or yellow belly.
		The monk seal's common name is derived from its folds of skin that look like a monk's hood, and because it spends most of its time alone or in very small groups.
		Monk seals are expert swimmers and divers; one seal was recorded diving into depths in the range of 66 and 96 fathoms (396 to 576 feet).
	www.fws.gov /pacificislands/wesa/monkhi.html (691 words)

	Hawaiian Monk Seal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Hawaiian monk seal is the only truly tropical seal in the world and is endemic to the islands, meaning it's found no where else in the world.
		The Hawaiian monk seals are different from other species in that they evolved entirely free of terrestrial enemies due to their living on remote oceanic islands.
		Hawaiian monk seals are able to dive to depths of 500 feet and can remain underwater for 20 minutes while foraging for food like lobster, eel, octopus, crab and fish.
	ohia.org /ohia/roadshows/ocean/mammals/hawaiian.htm (280 words)

	Hawaiian Monk Seal
		The Hawaiian monk seal on Midway Atoll, 1994.
		Seals and seascapes: covariation in Hawaiian monk seal subpopulations and the oceanic landscape of the Hawaiian Archipelago.
		Composition of the Hawaiian monk seal population at Kure Atoll, 1990.
	www.pifsc.noaa.gov /library/monkseal.html (1989 words)

	SCS: Hawaiian Monk Seal (Monachus schauinslandi)
		It is thought that one of the reasons for the general decline in monk seal numbers before the 1980s may have been disturbance caused by military and coastguard activities resulting in the abandonment of good quality pupping areas and of pups by their mothers.
		Biotoxin poisoning was implicated in a mass mortality of monk seals at Laysan Island in 1978.
		The interactions of monk seals and active fisheries gear was highlighted in 1990 when a rapidly expanding pelagic swordfish longline fishery began operating near major monk seal breeding sites and several seals were found with longline hooks embedded in their mouths and skin.
	www.pinnipeds.org /species/hawaimnk.htm (1908 words)

	Monk seals
		The monk seal is dark brown to fl in colour and lighter ventrally.
		The monk seal can be found in countries around the Mediterranean Sea, on islands in the Adriatic Sea, on the Madeira Islands, the Canary Islands and the Atlantic ridge islands.
		Monk seals get entangled in fishing nets and are shot by fishermen, trying to protect their nets.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/jaap/monkseal.htm (1043 words)

	HAWAIIAN MONK SEALS
		Monk seals are also sometimes referred to as "living fossils" because as the oldest living members of the pinniped order they have remained virtually unchanged for 15 million years.
		Monk seal pups are born with a woolly fl coat which is shed through a process called molting at the end of their nursing period.
		Hawaiian monk seals are protected under two federal laws: the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 and the Endangered Species Act of 1973 (see Appendix 2).
	www.earthtrust.org /wlcurric/seals.html (3463 words)

	UNEP-WCMC - Hawaiian Monk Seal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The present population is estimated at of 1,500 seals and is increasing (Reeves, et al., 1992).
		The sealing brig "Aiona" was thought to have taken the last of the monk seals in 1824.
		The IUCN/SSC Seal Specialist Group recommend that the following conservation measures: continuation recovery activities, reduction of mobbing behaviour of male monk seals (possibly by suppression of testosterone levels), research to determine monk seal foraging and movement patterns and monitoring and mitigating the impacts of fishing.
	www.unep-wcmc.org /species/data/species_sheets/hawmonk.htm (594 words)

	HAWAII WILDLIFE FUND - HAWAIIAN MONK SEALS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Contributing to the plight of this, the world's most endangered seal or sea lion, is the sometimes fatal behavior where competing males mob and bite into the backs of females during mating.
		A Hawai'i Wildlife Fund scientist coordinated the relocation of aggressive male monk seals from the Northwestern Islands to the Main Hawaiian Islands in an effort to reduce the "mobbing" of females during breeding.
		As monk seal numbers increase in the main Hawaiian islands, incidents of human/seal interactions is increasing.
	www.wildhawaii.org /seals.html (423 words)

	Seal at exZOOberance!
		Seal muscles also store oxygen, and the spleen, an organ that stores oxygen-rich blood, is exceptionally large in seals, serving as a kind of biological scuba tank.
		While modern seals have fused tibia and fibula bones in their flippers, the Hawaiian monk seal still has separate tibia and fibula bones in its hind flippers—a condition seen in the earliest fossil seals.
		The true seals make up the family Phocidae, and the harbor seal is classified as Phoca vitulina; the northern elephant seal is classified as Mirounga angustirostris; and the Hawaiian monk seal is classified as Monachus schauinslandi.
	www.exzooberance.com /virtual%20zoo/they%20swim/seal/seal.htm (2645 words)

	Hawaiian Monk Seals
		Monk seals have been known to dive to about 1,650 feet (500 m), but most of their diving is probably much shallower.
		Monk seals are not social seals and do not form harems or other large groups seen in some seal and sea lion species.
		Seal pups are usually born in the spring.
	www.sailhawaii.com /monkseal.htm (554 words)

	Hawaiian Monk Seal
		Seals remain on shore during most of the molting period.
		Seal milk is very rich and a pup may triple in weight in six weeks, with the mother losing as much as 300 lbs (133 kilos).
		Female seals also die from "mobbing", when as many as 20 adult males attempt to mate with one female on islands where there is a skewed sex ratio.
	www.fws.gov /midway/wildlife/seal.html (398 words)

	A. Kimo Morris - Hawaiian Monk Seal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Recent work done on Hawaiian monk seals indicates the future of these docile creatures may be no longer in our control.
		Seal harvesting took its toll on the population in the 1800s.
		Today, measures are now in place to protect the Hawaiian monk seal, and throughout the earlier part of this century, the population did show a stablizing trend.
	pukashell.net /kimo/kauai/scuba/image/MonkCL.html (263 words)

	The Ocean Conservancy: Hawaiian Monk Seals
		Monk seals are classified as true seals, as opposed to fur seals or sea lions, since they have no external ears and use their hind flippers for propulsion and front flippers as stabilizers.
		Hawaiian monk seals live mainly in the remote northwestern Hawaiian Island chain, including six major breeding locations: Kure Atoll, Midway Atoll, Pearl and Hermes Reef, Lisianski Island, Laysan Island, and French Frigate Shoals.
		Due to ocean currents converging near the northwestern Hawaiian Islands, fishing debris from thousands of miles away is often deposited there, creating a significant threat to the monk seals' recovery.
	www.oceanconservancy.org /site/PageServer?pagename=fw_monkseal (504 words)

	Hawaiian Monk Seal
		Hawaiian monk seals are found in the northwest part of the Hawaiian Islands.
		Current research has shown that the decline in the Hawaiian monk seal population is due to lack of survival of these seals at one of the most important breeding beaches at French Frigate Shoals.
		The infected seals will be kept in captivity for the rest of their lives to teach the public about the species and ways to protect them.
	www.thewildones.org /Animals/monkseal.html (734 words)

	Endangered Hawaiian Monk Seal
		These seals get their common name "monk seals" because of their bald appearance, solitary habits and a fold of skin behind their heads which resembles a monk's hood.
		In recent years, however, monk seals are being sighted around the main islands with increasing regularity.
		Monk seals feed largely on fish, eels, octopus, and lobster which they usually catch at night.
	www.extendedhorizons.com /Monkseal/index.htm (804 words)

	Hawaiian News - Monachus Guardian 7 (2): November 2004
		A monk seal and pup on O‘ahu, Hawai‘i
		As reported in previous issues, the Hawaiian monk seal population is mostly found scattered through the remote Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (amounting to some 1400 individuals), but sightings in the Main Hawaiian Island (MHI) appear to have increased dramatically in recent years.
		Monk seals have proven vulnerable to harassment by humans and their domesticated animals, and the human population in the MHI is approximately 1.2 million compared to less than 100 in the NWHI.
	www.monachus-guardian.org /mguard14/1413hawnew.htm (588 words)

	Animal Info - Hawaiian Monk Seal
		Discovered by seal hunters at the beginning of the 19th century, the Hawaiian monk seal was hunted to the extent that it was almost extinct by the end of that century.
		The Hawaiian monk seal forages at depths of up to 100 m (330‘) and is known to dive as deep as 500 m (1600‘).
		The thickness of a Hawaiian monk seal’s blubber is comparable to that of a seal living in a frigid climate.
	www.animalinfo.org /species/carnivor/monascha.htm (1559 words)

	kidopedia article monk seal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The population of the Hawaiian monk seals is similar to their cousins the Mediterranean monk seals with beach counts of about 500 seals in recent years.
		A major cause for the monk seals decline of the Hawaiian monk seal population is human disturbance of its breeding grounds.
		Hawaiian monk seals have been protected by the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972 and since 1976 by the U.S. Endangered Species Act.
	kalama.doe.hawaii.edu /~kaleo/kpmonkseal.html (318 words)

	Monachus schauinslandi, Hawaiian Monk Seal at MarineBio.org
		The Hawaiian monk seal is the second most endangered pinniped species in the world after the very rare Mediterranean monk seal.
		The Hawaiian monk seal was heavily hunted commercially in the 1800s and populations declined significantly.
		In 1978, a mass mortality of monk seals at Laysan island was attributed to biotoxin poisoning.
	www.marinebio.com /species.asp?id=303 (1919 words)

	The Hawaiian Monk Seal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Hawaiian monk seals are members of the seal, sea lion, and walrus family.
		Female Hawaiian monk seals can be up to seven and a half feet long and weigh up to 600 pounds.
		Hawaiian monk seals live in reefs, shallow lagoons, in the open ocean, and on the beaches of out of the way
	ww2.sjc.edu /faculty_pages/rchatel/webquests/webquests/oceanwebquest/hawaiianmonkseal.htm (346 words)

	MONK SEAL -- Kids' Planet -- Defenders of Wildlife (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Hawaiian monk seal has a streamlined body to aid in swimming.
		Once found throughout the Hawaiian Islands, the Hawaiian monk seal is now found only in the remote Northwestern Hawaiian Islands.
		The Hawaiian monk seal evolved in an area without people or other land predators.
	www.kidsplanet.org /factsheets/monk_seal.html (327 words)

	Endangered Animal - Hawaiian Monk Seals
		As their name suggests, these beautiful seals are found at the northwestern Hawaiian Islands.
		Seal hunters discovered Hawaiian Monk Seals at the beginning of the 19th century.
		Today, the Hawaiian Monk Seal’s biggest threats are human disturbances, such as beachcombing and jogging, and aggravation by pet dogs.
	www.avengingapes.com /endangered/hawaiian-monk-seal.html (244 words)

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