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Topic: Hawaiian Pidgin English

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	Canadian_English
		Canadian English spelling is a mixture of U.S. and British, but Canadian speech is much closer to U.S. English, with some French influence.
		That is, the first part of the diphthong in both words in American English is ahh as in father; the first part of the diphthong in writer in Canadian English is uhh as in cut, a higher vowel than the American usage.
		There are a few meaning differences between Canadian and American English; for example, to table a document in Canada is to present it, whereas in the U.S. it means to withdraw it from consideration.
	www.news-from-newspapers.com /en/Wikipedia.org/2005/04/16/Canadian_English.html (2097 words)

	Surfline \| Pidgin
		Pidgin is the street language of the Hawaiian Islands and other islands in the Pacific, where a variety of European, Asian and native cultures mix.
		A pidgin typically arises in colonial situations and is used solely as a trade language.
		Hawaiian pidgin is a dialect that has evolved over the past 200 years from all the mixing ethnicities intermingling in the Hawaiian Islands.
	www.surfline.com /surfaz/pidgin.cfm (636 words)

	Hawaiian Pidgin is an English-based language and is not the same as the pidgin spoken in the deep South Pacific Islands (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Hawaiian Pidgin is an English-based language and is not the same as the pidgin spoken in the deep South Pacific Islands
		Hawaiian Pidgin is not the same as the pidgin spoken in the deep South Pacific Islands.
		Hawaiian Pidgin (Hawaiian Creole English) began with the arrival of people from other countries to work on the plantations.
	www.msu.edu /~colem104/paper1.htm (557 words)

	Hawaiian Language
		Hawaiian is a Polynesian language spoken throughout the inhabited Hawaiian Islands.
		In 1978, Hawaiian was re-established as an official language of the State of Hawaii and, in 1990, the federal Government of the United States adopted a policy to recognize the right of Hawaii to preserve, use, and support its indigenous language.
		The kind of English they spoke on the playground was influenced by the Pidgin English earlier brought to Hawaii, by the Hawaiian spoken by their parents, and by their own first languages, especially Portuguese.
	www.alternative-hawaii.com /hacul/language.htm (602 words)

	Black English Bibliography
		It is similar in history to Hawaiian Pidgin English (which is a dialect of English closer to a creole language, certainly not a pidgin).
		The author states that Black English is not a separate language, but is a separate dialect, and the proof comes from its uniqueness (from standard English) in its the nature of its rules and the function of these rules within the language.
		It discusses the social aspects of Pidgin English and compares Hawaiian Pidgin with Black English.This article is pertinent to the thesis because it compares the pidgin language situation in Hawaii with the Black English situation.
	www.uop.edu /education/jl/ebonics.html (6431 words)

	[No title]
		Bickerton employs the development of pidgins and creoles as an analogy for both the acquisition of language in modern children and the origin of language abilities in general.
		With regards to the incorporation of substrate features into a creole or pidgin, studies of second language acquisition indicate that imperfect language transfer (or interference) is a common factor (Mufwene 1990; Wekker 1996; Siegel 1998).
		Instead of questioning which English grammatical elements are similar to those of a given pidgin/creole, perhaps the question should be how the grammatical elements of a given pidgin/creole function as a means of communication.
	www.geocities.com /xerexes/thesis2.html (3304 words)

	Asian and Pacific Islander Institute (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Pidgin English in Hawai'i is a combination of languages using English as a base, with the melodic intonation of Hawaiian language.
		Pidgin English is a communication bridge to bring two language cultures together.
		When teachers at school say that Pidgin English is stupid, children are especially affected when they go home and find the parents do not speak standard English and are therefore classified as stupid by the teacher's standards.
	p2001.health.org /cti06/ho27.htm (270 words)

	ENGL 4263: Pidginization Theory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Pidginization is the process through which native speakers of two separate languages develop a contact language so they may function in the same society (Cook, 1993).
		Pidgins evolve much like interlanguages, changing from one point in time to the next, so the development of an L2 learner's interlanguage may be governed by many of the same rules as a pidgin language system (Cook, 1993).
		Schumann's (1978) study of Alberto, a 33-year-old Costa Rican man learning English, found that although the end result of his learning was not a pidgin, his process of acquiring an L2 was similar to pidginisation (Cook, 1993).
	www.uncc.edu /colleges/arts_and_sciences/language/courses/4263/4263pidg.htm (836 words)

	Pidgin English -
		Pidgin was basically the result of immigrants arriving in Hawai'i who spoke different languages and interacted with one another.
		Pidgin is based on English in a simplified form using the basics in grammar omitting things such as tenses and prepositions.
		Since pidgin began with the immigrants, those people who were raised on the plantations where the convergence of immigrants were at the highest would be the ones who speak a much purer form of pidgin.
	webpages.charter.net /motuahina/pidgin.html (1079 words)

	Comments on 20027 \| MetaFilter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Pidgin, or Hawaii Creole English, seems to be discouraged in the public education system in Hawaii.
		Also, despite its misleading name, Hawaiian pidgin is not a true pidgin but in fact a creole that originated from a pidgin.
		Hawaiian Creole is not a "cute" language, or slang, it is a language, spoken by real people that use it every day to communicate with other people.
	www.metafilter.com /comments.mefi/20027 (3160 words)

	Author resurrects Pidgin English (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Author Lois-Ann Yamanaka is fighting to establish Pidgin English as a legitimate language.
		Some UW Hawaiian students welcome her support of Hawaiian Creole Pidgin and would like to see it more widely accepted.
		Hawaiian Creole Pidgin, used as conversational language in Hawaii, is composed of several different languages, including English, Japanese and Philippine.
	archives.thedaily.washington.edu /1996/020196/Pidgin.html (689 words)

	Print-friendly Version of "STANDARD AMERICAN ENGLISH, PIDGIN EACH HAVE PLACE IN LIVES OF HAWAIIAN YOUTH, SAYS UCSB ...
		Hawaiian educators troubled by low student scores on English proficiency tests should not rush into programs that try to dissuade youngsters from speaking their native pidgin English.
		But if Hawaiian students are to improve their English skills, they need to do so in an atmosphere that does not denigrate their native speech, while stressing the use of standard English in academic and other formal situations, Davis said.
		Hawaiian concerns about pidgin are reminiscent of the controversy over Ebonics – African-American English – a few years ago in the African-American community in Oakland, Calif.
	www.instadv.ucsb.edu /pa/print.aspx?pkey=423 (494 words)

	LAUSD - Local District 5
		These students are often classified as “English Only” because their home language generally incorporates English vocabulary but embodies phonology, grammar, and sentence structure rules borrowed from indigenous languages other than English.
		English language learners or ELs, are those students for whom English is not native (ENN), and Standard English Language Learners or SELs, are those students for whom Standard English is not native (SENN).
		In addition, the Academic English Mastery Program is developing an educational seminar series for TV that teachers can enroll in for salary point credit, and hopes to expand its school site professional development and support as funding permits.
	www.lausd.k12.ca.us /District_5/aemp.htm (1019 words)

	contemporary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Strictly speaking, contemporary Hawaiian pidgin is a creole, not a true pidgin.
		It is a complex language with its own grammar and syntax, an offspring of the original Hawaiian pidgin, which developed in the early 19th century among immigrants - largely Japanese, Chinese, Portuguese, Korean, Filipino and Puerto Rican - who came to work on Hawaiian sugar and pineapple plantations.
		The Hawaiian Pidgin English familiar in the islands today was created by the children of these original plantation workers.
	www.lclark.edu /~ria/contemporary.html (227 words)

	hawaii.html
		Today, the tropical paradise of the Hawaiian Islands beckons travelers the world over to experience her sandy beaches and crystal clear waters.
		It began as the basic form of communication between the native Hawaiians and the European whalers who frequented the island ports during the early to mid-1800's.
		Children born to immigrant parents, although capable of understanding Standard English, more often than not addressed their non-English speaking parents not in their native tongue, but in pidgin.
	www.lclark.edu /~ria/hawaii.html (815 words)

	SULAIR: Reference Guide for Pidgin and Creole Languages
		Pidgin and Creole (hereafter P/C) studies have emerged as important challenges to linguistic theory and method.
		Some clearly Creole languages are classified as a Pidgin or "other" mixed languages, some are classified as dialects of their "target" languages (English, French, etc.,), and some are classed sometimes as a dialect and sometimes as a "mixed" language.
		Though it deals mostly with English-derived Pidgins and Creoles, it is a good overview of the field and provides a useful summary of recent theories of the genesis and development of these languages.
	www-sul.stanford.edu /depts/ssrg/pidgins/pidgin.html (2296 words)

	Languages in Contact (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Other pidgins like Eskimo Trade Pidgin and Chinese Pidgin English derive their vocabulary primarily from one source, usually the language of the group that held control of the trade or its location.
		Pidgins have also arisen in contexts other than trade, for instance in cases of military occupation (Pidgin English in Japan) or in domestic settings for communication between masters and servants of different language background (Indian Butler English) or on plantations (Hawaiian Pidgin English).
		Pidgins show varying degrees of elaboration in both vocabulary and grammar if their range of functions extends beyond the confines of the original context of use.
	members.aol.com /psybt/rsc/cog/ling/contact.html (1540 words)

	The Evolution of the Evolution of Language
		What follows is basically Pinker's recitation of Bickerton's now discredited (within creolistics) Language Bio-Program Hypothesis ("LBH") based on the evidence of grammaticalization that characterized the transition from "pidgin" to "creole" as the first generation of Hawaiian immigrants acquired the vernacular as their native tongue.
		Bickerton is a staunch Chomskyan, and the LBH has had wide-ranging impact as a signal example of the empirical verifiability of the generative paradigm.
		It is the discontinuity between what B analyzed as Hawaiian Pidgin English and HCE, and only this discontinuity which led B to propose creoles are formulated by children from sharply reduced pidgin input.
	www.enformy.com /dma-evev.htm (3757 words)

	Conference Center
		Hawaiians objected, claiming the island was a sacred place in their native polytheistic religion.
		Hawaiians call these holes “skylights.” So if you sit on your fl hill in the fl expanse of darkness, you can see red dots that are glimpses of the river of lava through the tube.
		Hawaiian Pidgin English appears to be a mix of Hawaiian and English vocabulary embedded in the grammatical structure of a speaker's native language - they give examples from a Japanese background and Filipino background.
	www.spring.net /yapp-bin/public/read/travel/37 (18738 words)

	Pidgins and Creoles
		Pidgins - pidgins are formed among traders or workers who speak different languages and who must develop a lingua franca in order to communicate; pidgins, by definition are not native to anyone; the language that supplies most of the vocabulary to the pidgin is called the lexifier language
		Issues of interest to researchers of pidgins and creoles are closely related to issues in the areas of first and second language acquisition.
		Second language is by definition a hybrid language that in early stages of acquisition is characterized by a L2 lexicon and phonology and syntax heavily influenced by the first language.
	www.ac.wwu.edu /~sngynan/slx3.html (981 words)

	Hawaiian Pidgin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Eastern Malayo-Polynesian lanquages consist of the lanquages of Micronesia, some lanquages, and the closely related lanquages of Polynesia, such as Tahitian, Hawaiian, and Maori, which is spoken in New Zealand.
		Hawaiian Pidgin developed as the adult speakers of different languages borrowed words from each other as an attempt to communicate.
		The children of the Hawaiian Pidgin speakers are responsible for giving the Pidgin structure and developing it into a Creole.
	si.unm.edu /linguistics/pidgin/pidgin.html (637 words)

	Honolulu Star-Bulletin Local News
		Pidgin and English can co-exist peacefully in Hawaii's schools, and no one should be prevented from using pidgin where it works in the learning process, advised a group consisting primarily of University of Hawaii faculty and graduate students.
		In its position paper entitled "Pidgin and Education," which was released late last week, the 13-member Da Pidgin Coup also called for language awareness classes for teachers and students to help foster "informed understandings" of pidgin.
		Diana Eades, an associate professor of English as a Second Language and convener of the group, said a copy of the academic paper has been forwarded to Schools Superintendent Paul LeMahieu and a copy of will be sent to the Board of Education.
	starbulletin.com /1999/11/30/news/story3.html (986 words)

	Asian and Pacific Islander Institute
		State clearly the goal of the activity and the role of the facilitator which is to guide the group through the discussion and repeat information provided by the group.
		Pidgin terms and concepts will be printed later for distribution to start a dictionary.
		The facilitator closes this activity by summarizing the responses that have been identified by the small groups to reflect the goal of the activity and shows how this activity may deter the use of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs by building self-esteem through the knowledge of such language that bridges cultures.
	p2001.health.org /CTI06/act6.htm (618 words)

	languagesexpl
		American English is distinct from Australian English, which is distinct from English English.
		The first known Pidgin English was used by English speakers and American Indians.
		So-called Hawaiian Pidgin English is actually a creole language.
	www.wgn.org /languagesexpl.htm (2642 words)

	the ten commandments in hawaiian pidgin english Information
		The Tanach the have is Artscroll version, which has english on the left and Hebrew on the right, so I can still read it in english and hear it...
		This is a mix of Hawaiian, English, and...
		We hope you have enjoyed the the ten commandments in hawaiian pidgin english resources online directory, as much as we have enjoyed researching and compiling it for you.
	topsearchand.info /ten-commandments/the-ten-commandments-in-hawaiian-pidgin-english.html (1111 words)

	Hawai`i Creole English (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		At this time, some of the expressions from the Pidgin English of China and the Pacific were introduced to Hawai'i.
		However, English and Hawaiian are the official languages of the legislature and standardized English is the official medium of instruction in the school system.
		This "r-less" feature is also found in the English spoken in Australia, parts of England, and in the northeastern USA (where the early missionaries to Hawai'i came from).
	www.une.edu.au /langnet/hce.htm (1160 words)

	Hawaiian Pidgin - Hawaii School Reports
		If anything was "broken", it was Hawaiian, since it is the Hawaiian language that forms the structure of Pidgin, as well as providing many of the colorful and descriptive words.
		It's more appropriate to consider anyone speaking Pidgin as bilingual, for it is increasingly recognized as a language in its own right, one with a very rich and interesting history.
		As with other Creole languages, Hawaiian Pidgin originally developed as a means for people who spoke different languages to learn to communicate with each other in order to do business.
	www.hawaiischoolreports.com /language/pidgin.htm (214 words)

	The U of MT -- Mansfield Library LangFing Misc. Pidgin/Creole
		You have reached the page for Miscellaneous Pidgins & Creoles which is just one part of the "Language Finger" homepage, which is an index by language to the holdings of the Mansfield Library of The University of Montana.
		"Pidgin" is the Pidgin English word for "business." Pidgin English actually developed in a number of places around the globe, wherever there was a need for the native people to communicate with the English-speakers who arrived in their area.
		Included in this list are general works about pidgins and/or creoles, works about groups of pidgins or creoles, and those works dealing with pidgins or creoles that either are not easily identified or which have no generally-accepted name.
	www.lib.umt.edu /guide/lang/mipch.htm (1150 words)

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