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	Hawaiian Volcano Observatory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory is the name of the observatory in Hawaiâi that monitors the four active Hawaiian volcanoes: KÄ«lauea, Mauna Loa, HualÄlai, and HaleakalÄ.
		Due to the relatively non-expolosive nature of Hawaiian volcanic eruptions, scientists are able to study on-going eruptions in close proximity without being in extreme danger.
		In 1924, the observatory was taken over by the US Geological Survey and it has been run by the USGS ever since (except for a brief period during the Great Depression, when the observatory was run by the National Park Service).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hawaiian_Volcano_Observatory (212 words)

	Talk:Haleakala - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Besides, I added to East Maui Volcano that the whole volcano is frequently colloquially called HaleakalÄ, though this is technically only the name of the summit caldera.
		Your source, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, states both names on its page, and in fact, explicitly states, The Hawaiian name Hale-a-ka-la (lit., house of the sun), is now nearly synonymous with the entire shield of East Maui volcano.
		Gilgamesh's argument that calling a Hawaiian volcano by its Hawaiian name is somehow "disrespectful" is not only absurd, it's irrational.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Haleakala (2711 words)

	Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Except for the Ideal-Aerosmith mercury capacitance instrument, which is hardwired to the Observatory and recorded on an analog strip chart recorder, all tiltmeter outputs are digitally radio-telemetered to the Observatory and recorded on magnetic diskettes.
		The ongoing gas geochemical research at the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory is focused on the geochemistry of present-day degassing at Kilauea.
		HVO has a special purpose library covering all material on Hawaii’s active volcanoes from 1779 (Cook’s voyage of discovery) to the present.
	www.wovo.org /1302.htm (2542 words)

	Volcano Monitoring Techniques
		Tilt is a measure of the slope angle of the flank of the volcano.
		The pressure causes the summit of the volcano to move upward and outward to accommodate the greater volume of magma.
		As magma accumulates in the summit reservoir, it causes the slope (i.e., tilt) of the volcano's flanks to increase.
	volcano.und.nodak.edu /vwdocs/vwlessons/monitors.html (1466 words)

	USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO)
		While Bob was a major influence on HVO and the volcanology of Hawai'i in general, he was a highly regarded and respected presence in volcanology worldwide.
		His favorite effort, according to Barbara, his wife of over 30 years, is the creation of the Center for the Study of Active Volcanoes, the main cooperator and educational arm of HVO, at the University of Hawai'i at Hilo.
		Hualalai is the third youngest and third-most historically active volcano on the Island of Hawai`i.
	hvo.wr.usgs.gov (537 words)

	Update on Current Volcanic Activity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The eruption occurred from a new vent on the SW rim of the volcano's crater.
		A thermal anomaly was observed at the volcano on satellite imagery, possibly due to the heat from a thermal field.
		The plume was E of the volcano's summit at a height of ~6.4 km a.s.l.
	volcano.und.nodak.edu /vwdocs/current_volcs/current.html (5041 words)

	Explore Kilauea Volcano \| Culture
		Kapalikapuokamohoali`i is broken down to kapu (taboo), o(of) and kamohoali`i ( chief of the shark gods and the brother of Pele.) This is the name of a cliff near the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory.
		The Kilauea ("spewing or much spreading," referring to volcanic eruptions) volcano is the youngest of the volcanoes of Hawai`i, and one of the world's most active.
		Nene or Hawaiian goose is the state bird of Hawai`i.
	www.fireworkstudios.com /culture.html (351 words)

	350 Volcano Links
		She came to THe VolcAno from The Land of Wolves and is a Fairy of Peace.
		http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/About/Where/WhereWeWork.html Volcano Observatories and Facilities To study active volcanism and warn of impending eruptions in the United States, we depend on the scientific study and monitoring of volcanoes at four volcano observatories and the USGS Western Region Center in Menlo Park, California.
		In foreground is the crater of a scoria cone.
	www.mysteries-megasite.com /main/bigsearch/volcano-1.html (4326 words)

	V. Foundation of the Observatory
		The land for the Observatory, a tract of about three acres, was obtained on a sub-lease for fifteen years to October 1, 1927, from the Volcano House Company with the consent of the trustees of the Bishop Estate, the owners of the land.
		The observatory is built of Oregon pine and is equipped with two laboratories, the director's room, photographic dark room, and storeroom on the main floor.
		Accordingly it is proposed in the Hawaiian Observatory to combine two objects, record of facts of volcanology and seismology by the permanent staff, and surveys in the field of special topics by expert specialists invited to come from other institutions.
	www.sacred-texts.com /pac/hlov/hlov31.htm (2009 words)

	Volcanoes: Volcano Monitoring and Research
		Precise determination of the location and magnitude of earthquakes by a well-designed seismic network--as the volcano inflates by the rise of magma, the enclosing rocks are deformed to the breaking point to accommodate magma movement.
		Research on the volcano's geologic past extends the data base for refined estimates of the recurrence intervals of active versus dormant periods in the history of the volcano.
		Analysis of the volcano's past behavior indicates that this kind of eruptive activity may continue for years or decades, but another catastrophic eruption like that of May 18, 1980, is unlikely to occur soon.
	pubs.usgs.gov /gip/volc/monitoring.html (858 words)

	125th - Articles - History - Founding Vision Lives on in the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory
		When the world's second volcano observatory was created in 1912, Kilauea boasted an active lava lake on its caldera floor that permitted quick and easy access for scientists and visitors alike.
		The original HVO building, built in 1912 with a seismograph vault in its cellar and now the site of the Volcano House Hotel, was in use until the early 1940s, when the Observatory moved into a new building 200 m back from the caldera rim (now the Volcano Art Center).
		As was Jaggar's original vision, the present observatory adjoins a park visitor center--the Jaggar Museum--that describes the work of volcanologists and the results of their studies increasingly in real time to more than a million visitors each year.
	www.usgs.gov /125/articles/hawaii.html (721 words)

	Price is right for lots on flanks of volcano / Hawaii's big island grows fast despite threat of eruption (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Hawaiian volcanoes have reputations as benign "oozers" rather than the kind that erupts explosively, an example of the latter being Mount St. Helens in Washington.
		There is no volcano coverage, although most houses destroyed by Hawaiian volcanoes burn down from lava, so fire coverage could pay for damage as long as the fire was caused by radiant heat and not direct contact with lava.
		The island's largest volcano also happens to be the biggest mountain in the world, measured by mass.
	www.sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2005/03/20/BAGUNBR4141.DTL (2070 words)

	Volcano Observatories and Facilities of USGS Volcano Hazards Program
		To study active volcanism and warn of impending eruptions in the United States, we depend on the scientific study and monitoring of volcanoes at five volcano observatories and the USGS Western Region Center in Menlo Park, California.
		The USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory is located in Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park on the Big Island of Hawai`i.
		The goal of the observatory is to improve the existing collaborative study and monitoring of active geologic processes and hazards of the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field and its caldera.
	volcanoes.usgs.gov /About/Where/WhereWeWork.html (371 words)

	Webchat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Hi, this is Christina Heliker, a geologist for the U.S. Geological Survey at the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, which is inside Hawaii Volcanoes National Park.
		So many people live on or near volcanoes in the world that it is important to be able to warn them when a volcano is getting ready to erupt.
		One volcano erutpted riolite lava, and the other erupted andesite lava, again proving that each of the volcanoes were totally sepatate.
	www.rain.org /chats/campinternet19991019.html (4091 words)

	Update on Current Volcanic Activity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		An increase in the number of volcanic earthquakes at Merapi during 7-11 July led DVGHM to increase the Alert Level at the volcano to 2 (on a scale of 1-4) on 9 July.
		On 6 July beginning at 1730 the amount of tremor at the volcano increased and an eruption produced an ash plume to ~12.2 km (~40,000 ft) a.s.l.
		Due to the threat of lahars forming on the volcano's flanks, Universidad de Colima advised avoiding the ravines of La Lumbre, San Antonio, Monte Grande (in Colima state), and La Arena (in Jalisco state).
	volcano.und.edu /vwdocs/current_volcs/current.html (5035 words)

	Yellowstone Volcano Observatory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) is a joint program of the United States Geological Survey...
		Smith, seismologist, University of Utah coordinating scientist for the Yellowstone Volcano Observatory - reachable after March 27 at (801) 581-7129, rbsmith@mines.utah.edu -- Robert.
		Observatory Established: Partnership by University of Utah, U.S. Geological Survey, Yellowstone National Park...
	www.freeourparks.org /yellowstone-volcano-observatory.html (137 words)

	U.S. Geological Survey, Volcano Hazards Program
		Volcanic threat is the combination of hazards (the destructive natural phenomena produced by a volcano) and exposure (people and property at risk from the hazards).
		Try your hand at predicting an eruption of Mount St. Helens volcano using data collected by scientists of the USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory.
		Volcano Watch, a weekly essay written by USGS scientists from the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory.
	volcanoes.usgs.gov (464 words)

	The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory
		The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) is a small building that rests on the western edge of Kilauea caldera, on the southeastern quadrant of the Big Island of Hawai'i.
		Kilauea is one of the most active volcanoes in the world, and as a result the folks that work at HVO are able to witness volcanic activity practically every day.
		The photo at left was taken from within the caldera, looking up at the observatory on the edge.
	www.azenk.org /hawaii/hvo/main.htm (583 words)

	Yellowstone Observatory: University of Utah News Release: May 14, 2001
		The Yellowstone Volcano Observatory (YVO) is the fifth such observatory in the United States.
		The observatories employ ground-based instruments and satellite data to monitor active and restless volcanoes and conduct studies to understand their eruptive and seismic histories and potential hazards.
		By establishing the observatory, “we are trying to formalize ongoing monitoring efforts so it brings them up to a level of prominence comparable to other volcanic systems in the United States,” said Christiansen, who was Scientist-in-Charge of the Mount St. Helens monitoring effort during the May 18, 1980 eruption that killed 57 people.
	www.utah.edu /unews/releases/01/may/yellowstone.html (1136 words)

	Physics Co-op Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Melissa was working at the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, part of the US Geological Survey, in Hawaii...
		The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (part of the US Geological Survey) is situated at 4000 feet on the rim of the 3 mile diameter caldera at the summit of the (active!) Kilauea volcano.
		My project goal is to characterize HVO deformation data noise and use the results to put error bounds on data resolution and improve data precision.
	www.coop.uvic.ca /physcoop/Journal_HVO/Journal_HVO.html (1512 words)

	GEsource World Guide - South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Deformation changes at a volcano, such as those related to magnitude or location, may indicate that an eruption is about to occur.
		Studying volcanoes by looking at changes in surface features falls into the category of long-term monitoring, which means that the study is done over a longer time period and doesn’t require the immediate availability of data.
		According to the Alaska Volcano Observatory, the plume eventually reached a height of 3.75 miles (6 kilometers).
	www.gesource.ac.uk /worldguide/html/1023_articles.html (3537 words)

	Earthquakes in Hawai`i
		They are an important part of the island-building processes that have shaped the Island of Hawai`i and the other Hawaiian Islands.
		Eruptions and magma movement within the presently active volcanoes (Kilauea, Mauna Loa and Lo`ihi) are usually accompanied by numerous small earthquakes.
		Many other earthquakes, including the largest ones, occur in areas of structural weakness at the base of Hawai`i's volcanoes or deep within the Earth's crust beneath the island.
	wwwhvo.wr.usgs.gov /earthquakes (407 words)

	USATODAY.com - Technology touch-and-go at volcano site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		But all investigations are subject to change depending on the mood of the volatile volcano.
		A three-member crew is installing two GPS stations and five receivers around the volcano, as part of a program called EarthScope.
		Officials at the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory are sending a remotely operated video camera that researchers can install on the crater rim.
	www.usatoday.com /tech/science/2004-10-18-volcano-tech-danger_x.htm (734 words)

	Hawaiian Volcano (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A walking volcano tour is the best way to see this Hawaiian volcano up close.
		Located near Volcanoes National Park, Volcano Winery is the perfect place to visit on your Hawaiian vacation.
		Hawaiian eruptions: The eruptions of Kilauea and Mauna Loa Volcanoes Hawaiian eruptions: The eruptions of Kilauea and Mauna Loa Volcanoes, by Barbara Keating --
	www.hawaiian-cruise-online.info /-hawaiian-volcano.html (539 words)

	Pinning Down The Age Of Another Hawaiian Volcano
		The tiny crescent-shaped island of Molokini lies 4.2 km (3 miles) offshore of Haleakala volcano, East Maui.
		Working in conjunction with scientists from the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, he used the potassium-argon method of dating to measure ages from 60 lava flows on Haleakala.
		Near-shore eruptions are some of the most dangerous that Hawaiian volcanoes can produce.
	unisci.com /stories/20011/0214015.htm (599 words)

	Book Reviews - Chasing Lava: A Geologist’s Adventures at the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory
		Wendell A. Duffield’s story of his three-year tenure at the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory balances near-death experiences with lighthearted anecdotes and the science behind the lava.
		Chasing Lava: A Geologist’s Adventures at the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (Mountain Press, $16) takes place on the island of Hawaii, where Duffield and his wife live a "life in the clouds” in a house on stilts that shakes when Kîlauea Volcano quakes.
		Illustrated with sketches and period photos, the book traces the observatory’s history from its founding in 1912 to Duffield’s time there in the early 1970s.
	nature.org /magazine/books/misc/art9810.html (150 words)

	Journey to the core: Where does lava lead? \| csmonitor.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Swanson and colleagues at the US Geological Survey's Hawaiian Volcano Observatory are amassing evidence showing that Kilauea can erupt with greater force than previously believed.
		Until now, the volcano's explosive eruptions have been attributed to lava welling up within a chimney blocked by a collapse of crater walls or filled in by lava flows from nearby vents.
		If Kilauea were to enter another period similar to the one the team has been studying, "you might have to worry for decades or centuries that something would be popping out every few years" with potentially devastating effects, Swanson says.
	www.csmonitor.com /2004/0610/p14s02-stss.html (559 words)

	Hazard Slides Captions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Lava is beginning to drain back into the vent at the end of the Mauna Ulu phase two eruption on Kilauea's east rift (October 20, 1969).
		Lava from a lake on an upper level cascades into the lava lake in Pauahi's west pit during the Mauna Ulu series of eruptions at Kilauea.
		A new volcano known as Loihi, a 3,070 m seamount, is located off the south coast of the Big Island.
	www.ngdc.noaa.gov /seg/hazard/slideset/33/33_captions.shtml (1258 words)

	CVO Website - The USGS Volcano Hazards Program - VHP
		During the twentieth century, volcanic eruptions in Alaska, California, Hawaii, and Washington have devastated thousands of square miles of land and caused substantial economic and societal disruption and, in the worst instances, loss of life.
		The Volcano Hazards Program (VHP) seeks to lessen the harmful impacts of volcanic activity by monitoring active and potentially active volcanoes, assessing their hazards, responding to volcanic crises, and conducting research on how volcanoes work.
		The Observatory was established in 1912 and was the forerunner in developing volcano monitoring techniques.
	vulcan.wr.usgs.gov /Vhp/framework.html (545 words)

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