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Topic: Hawaiian archipelago

	The Mauka to Makai Connection
		The Hawaiian Archipelago, situated in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, is the most isolated landmass in the world.
		The isolation of the Hawaiian Archipelago in the Pacific ocean has resulted in a sparse fish population but many are endemic (only found here) to the islands.
		Hawaiian streams have only five native species of fishes (four endemic, one indigenous, i.e., native but found elsewhere too), two species of crustacean (all endemic) and three species of mollusk (all endemic).
	www.hawaii.gov /dlnr/dar/streams/index.htm (761 words)

	Hawaiian
		Hawaiian is a member of the Oceanic group of Malayo-Polynesian branch of the Austronesian language family.
		A common process in Hawaiian is topicalization, i.e., the placement of components that are the topic or focus, at the beginning of utterances.
		Hawaiian is a Category II language in terms of difficulty for speakers of English.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/june/Hawaiian.html (1068 words)

	Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem Reserve - Encyclopedia of Earth
		In the Hawaiian archipelago, the northwestern region were the most peripheral islands that relied heavily on interaction and networking between core islands (the main Hawaiian Islands) as a social mechanism to help reduce the possibility of extinction of their geographically isolated populations.
		Native Hawaiian Practices means cultural activities conducted for the purposes of perpetuating traditional knowledge, caring for and protecting the environment, and strengthening cultural and spiritual connections to the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands that have demonstrable benefits to the Native Hawaiian community.
		Hawaiian waters and beaches are also home to the endangered Hawaiian monk seal, a solitary species that can be found feeding around coral reefs, or resting on beaches.
	www.eoearth.org /article/Northwestern_Hawaiian_Islands_Coral_Reef_Ecosystem_Reserve (2883 words)

	The aim of this project is to conduct a pilot study of DNA diversity and divergence in the endemic Hawaiian genus ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Many groups of animals and plants on Hawaiian archipelago undergone speciation bursts, challenging evolutionary biologists to understand the causes of so frequent speciation, and providing a great model to study speciation process in general.
		Studies of Hawaiian Drosophila suggested that sexual selection, coupled with founder effects during colonization of the new habitats is the major driving force, however this may not be applicable to the other groups of organisms, especially to plants.
		This project is devoted to the study of population genetics of Hawaiian plant Schiedea globosa, which presents a convenient model to study speciation on the Hawaiian archipelago.
	helios.bto.ed.ac.uk /evolgen/filatov/Spec.htm (587 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Hawaiian, along with English, is an official language of the State of Hawaii.
		Hawaiian is a Polynesian member of the Austronesian language family (Lyovin 1997:257–258).
		Hawaiian originated as the Marquesan or Tahitian of the era AD 1000, when the Polynesian speakers of that language made the first Polynesian discovery of Hawaii and colonized the archipelago, establishing permanent settlements.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Hawaiian_language (4811 words)

	The Hawaiian Green Turtle
		The plastron of the Hawaiian green turtle becomes orange or yellowish orange, and the carapace remains predominantly fl with various shades of olive and yellowish gold forming swirls and irregular patterns on their shells.
		Hawaiian green turtles bask, but this behaviour seems to be limited to the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands.
		The Hawaiian green turtle is fortunate that it shares only some of the same threats that menace all marine turtles, as described in Threats To Marine Turtles.
	www.turtles.org /hawgrnd.htm (1645 words)

	Alohacyberian of Hawaii - The Leeward Islands with Keith Martin
		The Hawaiian Islands are isolated from the rest of the coral reef ecosystems in the Pacific Ocean.
		Hawaiian monk seals and sea turtles breed and feed at Pearl and Hermes, and it is a mating area for spinner dolphins.
		Hawaiian Green Sea Turtles rely on the sandy islets of the French Frigate Shoals as their breeding grounds and nesting occurs between April and September.
	home.att.net /~hawaii/vLeeward.html (5780 words)

	Audubon WatchList - Hawaiian Hawk
		Although the Hawaiian Archipelago was once home to an eagle, a harrier, and a hawk, only the Hawaiian Hawk, or 'Io, managed to survive the human colonization of the Hawaiian Islands.
		Hawaiian Hawk is found in a wide variety of habitats, from exotic forest and pastureland in the lowlands to native forest as high as 8,900 feet in elevation.
		Hawaiian Hawks show a strong preference for nesting in native 'ohi'a trees, but this tree species is almost completely absent on Hawai'i below an elevation of 2,000 feet, due to competition from introduced plants.
	audubon2.org /webapp/watchlist/viewSpecies.jsp?id=101 (829 words)

	Hawaii Stream Geology
		Located prominently in the north-central Pacific Ocean, the Hawaiian Archipelago extends for some 1,600 miles from Kure Atoll in the northwest to the island of Hawai'i in the southeast.
		Although all islands in the Hawaiian Chain are of volcanic origin, those in the northwest have eroded sufficiently during their geologic history that they persist today mostly as coral atolls and low-lying rock or sand islands without flowing fresh water.
		Occurring mostly during winter, Kona storms moving toward the Hawaiian Islands from the northwest may impede the flow of the trades and produce heavy rainfall on the leeward sides of islands.
	www.hawaii.gov /dlnr/dar/streams/stream_geology.htm (621 words)

	The Hawaiian Islands
		The entire archipelago, except for the military base of Midway Island, is part of the State of Hawai'i.
		It is a sacred island to the Hawaiians -- being the site of their maritime sailing "university" for possibly a thousand years but was used as a military bombing range from World War II until 1990.
		This undersea chain is an extension of the Hawaiian archipelago known as the Emperor Sea Mount.
	www.geog.nau.edu /courses/alew/ggr346/text/chapters/ch12.html (2968 words)

	Profiles: Hawaiian Monk Seal, Monachus schauinslandi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Hawaiian monk seal is found on the sandy beaches and in the surrounding waters of the northwestern Hawaiian Archipelago, known as the Leeward Chain: Kure Atoll, Midway Atoll, Pearl and Hermes Reef, Lisianski Island, Laysan Island and French Frigate Shoals.
		The Hawaiian monk seal, like the other monk seal species, is sensitive to human disturbance and habitat loss.
		Hawaiian monk seal females reach a length of 2.3 m and weigh up to 273 kg; males are slightly smaller, measuring up to 2.1 m and weighing about 230 kg.
	www.monachus.org /profiles/hawaseal.htm (757 words)

	Hawaiian Paradise - Home of Hawaii's Best Bed & Breakfasts & Vacation Rentals
		Hawaiian Paradise Vacations is a budding full service accommodations and travel reservations agency, filled with the experience, passion and vision that fills Hawaii’s ever growing Tourism Industry.
		The Hawaiian Islands are the projecting tops of the biggest mountain range in the world.
		The Hawaiian Archipelago consists of over 130 scattered points of land stretching some 1,600 miles in length from the Kure Atoll in the north to the Island of Hawaii in the south.
	www.hawaiianparadiseonline.com (519 words)

	USFWS/PI Hawaii & Pacific Isles National Wildlife Refuges index (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Northwestern Hawaiian Islands or Leeward Islands constitute the northern two-thirds of this vast chain.
		The coral reefs of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands are the foundation of an ecosystem that host a distinctive array of over 7,000 species, including mammals, fish, sea turtles, birds, and invertebrates.
		The atoll is the easternmost emergent land in the Samoan Archipelago and is among the smallest of all atolls in the world.
	www.fws.gov /pacificislands/wnwr/nwrindex.html (870 words)

	Volcanoes, the Hawaiian Archipelago, evidence for an old age earth.
		Mauna Kea is the tallest mountain in the Hawaiian Chain.
		The possibility that the Hawaiian Islands become younger to the southeast was suspected by the ancient Hawaiians, long before any scientific studies were done.
		During their voyages, sea-faring Hawaiians noticed the differences in erosion, soil formation, and vegetation and recognized that the islands to the northwest (Niihau and Kauai) were older than those to the southeast (Maui and Hawaii).
	www.accuracyingenesis.com /volcano.html (3669 words)

	Northwestern Hawaiian Islands: The Northwestern Hawaiian Archipelago
		The NWHI is an archipelago which consists of a series of islands, atolls, reefs, shallow water banks, and seamounts that start with Nihoa Island and stretch 1,193 miles (1,920 km) west-northwest to Kure Atoll.
		They are part of the Hawaiian Ridge-Emperor Seamounts chain that extends approximately 3,700 miles (6,000 km) from the island of Hawai'i to the Aleutian Trench off the coast of Siberia.
		Kure is the oldest island in the Hawaiian Archipelago; the Main Hawaiian Islands (MHI) are the youngest.
	www.coris.noaa.gov /about/eco_essays/nwhi/narchipelago.html (1223 words)

	Teachers' Domain: Plate Tectonics: The Hawaiian Archipelago
		Given that all of the Hawaiian Islands were created by volcanic activity, it is somewhat surprising that only one of the islands possesses any active volcanoes.
		The remaining 5 percent of volcanoes, such as those that created the Hawaiʻian Islands, occur away from plate boundaries as the result of an anomalous and poorly understood phenomenon called a hot spot.
		Loihi is the youngest of the Hawaiian volcanoes, although it is not yet an island.
	www.teachersdomain.org /resources/ess05/sci/ess/earthsys/hawaii/index.html (697 words)

	Schulers Books (The Hawaiian Archipelago - 25/63)
		Where it entered the sea it extended the coast-line half a mile, but this worthless accession to Hawaiian acreage was dearly purchased by the loss, for ages at least, of 4000 acres of valuable pasture land, and a much larger quantity of magnificent forest.
		There were amusing attempts to bring about a practical reconciliation between the free- and-easiness of Republican notions and the respect due to a sovereign who reigns by "the will of the people" as well as by "the grace of God," but eventually the tact of the king made everything go smoothly.
		At eight yesterday morning the "Benicia" anchored inside the reef, and Hilo blossomed into a most striking display of bunting; the Hawaiian colours, eight blue, red and white stripes, with the English union in the corner, and the flaunting flag of America being predominant.
	schulers.com /books/is/h/The_Hawaiian_Archipelago/The_Hawaiian_Archipelago25.htm (1472 words)

	Cultural History of Three Traditional Hawaiian Sites (Chapter 1)
		The Hawaiian chain is among the most isolated areas in the world, lying approximately 2,100 nautical miles southwest of California and more than 4,000 miles from Japan and the Phillipines.
		The greatest single distance between any two of the larger Hawaiian Islands is the eighty miles from Kaua'i to O'ahu, while the distances between adjacent islands average twenty-five miles or less.
		The larger islands of the Hawaiian chain comprise the emerged summits of a 1,600-mile-long northwest-southeast trending range of volcanic mountains resting on the Pacific Plate.
	www.cr.nps.gov /history/online_books/kona/history1.htm (788 words)

	The Formation of the Hawaiian Islands
		The primary volcanoes on each of the islands are known as a shield volcanoes, which are gently sloping mountains produced from a large number of generally very fluid lava flows.
		Note that the islands of Lanai and Kahoolawe are not shown because they would "overlap" with Molokai and Maui, respectively (see the map of the Islands on the Hawaiian Volcanoes page) In general, when you move along the island chain from southeast (Hawaii) to northwest, (Kure), the volcanoes become older and older.
		The Hawaiian Islands are believed to be formed from one such 'hot spot'.
	www.soest.hawaii.edu /GG/HCV/haw_formation.html (845 words)

	Bush making Hawaiian archipelago world's largest marine sanctuary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		President Bush is to announce on Thursday his decision to create the nation’s newest national monument from the vast chain of largely uninhabited islands, atolls, coral reef colonies and seamounts.
		The monument will be given a native Hawaiian name, using suggestions from state residents, the administration official said.
		Administration officials say their intent is to preserve zoned access for native Hawaiian activities, educational and scientific expeditions.
	www.chestertontribune.com /Environment/bush_making_hawaiian_archipelago.htm (740 words)

	The Hawaiian Archipelago (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		are the main inhabited islands of the Hawaiian Archipelago, shown below from nearest to farthest.
		The Hawaiian Islands form an Archipelago, which extends over a vast area of the Pacific Ocean, possessing a 12 mile Territorial Sea, and the 200 mile Exclusive Economic Zone, in accordance with generally recognized standards of international law."
		Return to the Hawaiian Independence Home Page or the Images Index
	www.hawaii-nation.org /archip.html (94 words)

	From Island to Atoll Classroom Activity - Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
		The Hawaiian archipelago rides on the Pacific tectonic plate that is moving in a northwesterly direction.
		The oldest islands in the archipelago are located northwest of the main islands, and the youngest island (Lo‘ihi) is forming under the ocean off the eastern coast of the island of Hawai‘i.
		Due to the movement of the Pacific tectonic plate on the floor of the Ocean, the islands on the Northwest end of the archipelago are significantly older than those on the southeast end (the main Hawaiian islands), since they formed over the hot spot first.
	www.bishopmuseum.org /research/nwhi/geoact.shtml (676 words)

	New species and new records of marine species discovered in NW Hawaiian Islands
		A three-week scientific expedition to French Frigate Shoals in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Marine National Monument returned to Honolulu on Sunday with the discovery of many new species and a better understanding of marine biodiversity in the Hawaiian Archipelago.
		In addition to the photographs taken by the scientists, Susan Middleton, who recently co-produced a photographic book for National Geographic on the plants and animals of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands called "Archipelago: Portraits of Life in the World's Most Remote Island Sanctuary," was onboard and glued to her camera the majority of the time.
		Managers from the three co-trustee agencies responsible for management of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Marine National Monument were also enthusiastic about the results from the expedition, and their application to management of the area.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2006-10/coml-ns103006.php (1405 words)

	The Archipelago of the State of Hawaii
		The mountain-islands and seamounts (i.e., submarine mountains) of the Hawaiian Archipelago, and its extension to the Emperor Seamounts, represent one of Earth’s amazing geological stories.
		The 3200 mile long volcanic mountain chain has been produced over the past 70-75 million years from a stationary magmatic “hot spot” that injected molten lava through the thin rigid crust of the Pacific tectonic plate as it has moved north and northwestward at rates of 3 to 4 inches a year.
		All of that happened as they moved away from the Hawaiian Hot Spot over a period of time ranging from 20 to 30 million years.
	www.teok.com /archipelago.html (509 words)

	Northwestern Hawaiian Islands: The Hawaiian Archipelago
		The archipelago is made up of 132 islands, atolls, reefs, shallow banks, shoals, and seamounts stretching 1,523 miles (2,451 km) from the island of Hawai’i in the southeast to Kure Atoll in the northwest.
		The archipelago represents the exposed peaks of an undersea mountain range, formed by volcanic activity over a hotspot in the Earth's mantle.
		The inhabited eight Main Hawaiian Islands (MHI) are separated from the southernmost of the mostly uninhabited Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) by approximately 155 miles (250 km) of open ocean.
	www.coris.noaa.gov /about/eco_essays/nwhi/archipelago.html (198 words)

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