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Topic: Hawker Tornado

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	Tornado: Definition and links.
		A tornado is a violent windstorm characterized by a twisting, funnel-shaped cloud.
		Many tornadoes are the tail end of a mesocyclone and they have a characteristic "hook echo" signature on a radar screen.
		Tornado winds range from a slow 40 mph at the low end to a possible 300 mph in the strongest storms.
	www.encyclopedian.com /to/Tornado.html (337 words)

	Hawker Typhoon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The basic design of both continued the Hawker tradition of using 'older' construction techniques; the front fuselage was welded steel just like the Hurricane, and the design used a massive 40 foot (12 m) wing that was much thicker than those on designs like the Spitfire.
		Like the Tornado, the Typhoon was soon demonstrating its own problems, including vibrations from the engine causing the wing skinning to peel.
		Hawker developed an improved version of the Typhoon, the Typhoon II but the differences between it and the Mark I were so great that it was effectively a different plane, the Hawker Tempest.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hawker_Typhoon (1038 words)

	Station Information - Tornado
		Tornado winds range from a slow 40 mi/h (65 km/h) at the low end to a possible 300 mi/h (480 km/h) in the strongest storms.
		Tornadoes do occur throughout the world; the most tornado-prone region of the world, as measured by number of tornadoes per unit area, is the United Kingdom, especially England.
		The deadliest US tornado on record is the 18 March 1925 Tri-State Tornado that went across southeastern Missouri, southern Illinois, and southern Indiana, killing 695 people.
	www.stationinformation.com /encyclopedia/t/to/tornado.html (697 words)

	Hawker
		Hawker had long since established itself as a maker of very good fighter aircraft, dating back to World War I. In 1933, the chief designer of Hawker, Sydney Camm, proposed a design of a new monoplane largely based upon the Hawker Fury biplane, to be powered by the Rolls Royce Goshawk engine.
		Hawker’s Sydney Camm set to work and he and his team designed a fighter that would be tested with each engine.
		Hawker, however, could not envision that the Typhoon would become the scourge of the Wehrmacht.
	home.att.net /~ww2aviation/Hawker.html (2629 words)

	TYPHOON (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Hawker, in the middle of producing the Hurricane, designs a type with twelve 7.7mm Browning machineguns, but the Air Ministry stays with her specification.
		Hawker got an order for 1000 planes, 500 Tornado’s and 250 Typhoons, the other 250 were to be built with the engine that was test as the best.
		Because Hawker was producing the Hurricane, the Tornado was to be built by AVRO and the Typhoon by Gloster, associated company’s of the Hawker Siddley Group.
	typhooneng.bravepages.com /typhoon.htm (1242 words)

	The Hawker Typhoon, Tempest, & Sea Fury
		It looked very much like the updated Tornado, except that the Tornado had two separate rows of exhausts on each side of the engine, while in the Typhoon the sets of exhausts for each engine were merged into what appeared to be a single row.
		Hawker and the RAF were stuck with the Typhoon.
		Hawker concentrated on the Sea Fury for the Royal Navy, since the admirals felt they needed to stay with piston fighters for a few years until the complications of operating jet aircraft from carriers were worked out.
	www.vectorsite.net /avcfury.html (5737 words)

	List of phobias: Tornado (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Introduction A tornado is a violent windstorm characterized by a twisting, funnel-shaped cloud.
		Of all tornadoes formed in the US, F0 and F1 tornadoes account for a large percentage of occurances.
		Tornado is also: * The name of a class of sailboat.
	www.theparentingsearch.com /List_of_phobias/Tornado.shtml (630 words)

	Hawker Typhoon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Named appropriately enough Tornado, the initial flight trials of the prototype were promising, and a production order for 1,000 Tornados was placed at the beginning of November, it being proposed that the new fighter should be built both by Hawker and by A. Roe at Woodford.
		Although, like those of the Tornado, the first flights of the Typhoon prototype indicated a promising fighter, the machine proving relatively easy to fly at high speeds, its low speed qualities left much to be desired, and it had a marked tendency to swing to starboard during take-off.
		Fortunately, Hawker was able to discover the reason for an alarming number of aircraft losing the complete tail unit, but it was almost the end of 1942 before all engine and airframe bugs had been resolved.
	www.kotfsc.com /aviation/typhoon.htm (2678 words)

	Rolls-Royce Merlin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It first flew on the front of a Hawker Hart biplane in 1935, using the new evaporative cooling system then in vogue.
		The cooling system proved to be somewhat suspect, and when supplies of ethylene glycol (Prestone) from the US became available, the engine was switched to this system instead.
		The Vulture was fitted to the Hawker Tornado and Avro Manchester, but proved unreliable due to big-end failures caused by lubrication problems.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rolls-Royce_Merlin (1116 words)

	History of the Typhoon
		Hawker workers who were there on that dramatic day recall struggling back towards London from the vast new factory at Langley, Buckinghamshire, in the face of traffic carrying people trying to leave the capital.
		Hawkers had received an instruction from the Air Ministry by late 1939 to proceed with the construction of 1,000 of their new fighters.
		Tornados were to have been constructed at the Manchester factory of A. Roe, Hawker having their hands full with Hurricane work.
	www.eagle.ca /~harry/aircraft/typhoon/ty_hist.htm (1265 words)

	TYPHOON (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Hawker, die dan midden in de productie zit van haar Hurricane, stelt toch een toestel voor met twaalf 7,7 mm Browning-mitrailleurs, maar de eis van het Air Ministry is onverbiddelijk.
		Veel ontwerpers kunnen (nog) niet geloven dat een luchtgekoelde stermotor een jachtvliegtuig tot goede prestaties kan brengen.
		Omdat Hawker volop in de productie van de Hurricane zit, wordt de constructie van de Tornado uitbesteed aan AVRO en de Typhoon aan Gloster, zusterbedrijven van de Hawker Siddley Group.
	www.typhoonpage.bravepages.com /Typhoon.html (1220 words)

	Tornado (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Tornado crusher is based on the principle of central impeller shoes spinning to hurl particles of gravel against breaker plates at tremendous speed.
		A condensation funnel does not need to reach to the ground for a tornado to be present; a debris cloud beneath a thunderstorm is all that is needed to confirm the presence of a tornado, even in the total absence of a condensation funnel.
		The Panavia Tornado is a jet engine fighter-bomber jointly developed as the Multi-role combat aircraft - or MRCA - by Italy, Germany and the United Kingdom.
	www.websters-online-dictionary.org /to/tornado.html (3111 words)

	The Pioneers : An Anthology : Sir Sydney Camm (1893-1966)
		In the 1920's and 30's he designed for Hawker a series of biplanes that were elegant expressions of the biplane format.
		The Hart's success put Hawkers in the front line of aircraft manufacturers and its design was used by Camm as a basis for aircraft to meet other requirements.
		The Hawker Hurricane was by far the most numerous of British combat aircraft from the outbreak of war in 1939 until well into 1941, and bore the brunt of the RAF's early battles with the Luftwaffe over France and Britain.
	www.ctie.monash.edu.au /hargrave/camm.html (3090 words)

	Typhoon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Hawker decided that 12 × 0.303 inch (7,7 mm) guns would also increase the firepower by 50%, so they included that option as well.
		The design emphasized on strength and maintainability, in stead of elegance, and was also one of the first design to have a 'bubble'-like cockpit like also seen on the North American P-51D or the Focke-Wulf Fw 190.
		The Rolls Royce Vulture was the most promising of the two prototypes, so the Tornado took to the air before the Typhoon in October 1939.
	www.turnkeyrc.com /typhoon.htm (347 words)

	Hawker Typhoon - free-definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The engines were similar in that they were both 24 cylinder designs that were designed to deliver over 2,000hp, and different primarily in the arrangement of the cylinders - an H-block in the Sabre and an X-block in the Vulture.
		The basic design of both continued the Hawker tradition of using 'older' construction techniques; the front fuselage was welded steel just like the Hurricane, and the design used a massive 40 foot wing that was much thicker than those on designs like the Spitfire.
		While production lines were being drawn up, the Vulture project was suddenly terminated by Rolls-Royce and the Tornado was left without an engine.
	www.free-definition.com /Hawker-Typhoon.html (857 words)

	Tornado (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The 2nd Squadron, the youngest German Tornado squadron, was established in 1988 with the introduction of the Tornado ECR (Electronic Combat Reconnaissance) into the German Air Force.
		The aircraft are powerfully set against the ominous background of central Baghdad sprawling beneath the dark smoke of oil fires deliberately lit in an effort to mask the city from airborne targeting pods.
		The controversial Tornado F3 replaced both the Lightning and F4 Phantom in the RAF, and flew operational combat air patrols throughout the Gulf War.
	www.aviationartprints.com /tornado.htm (2927 words)

	Antics, Diecast & Display - Aircraft, Corgi Aircraft, Jet Fighters - 1:72 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Most Hawker Hunter variants were powered by a single Rolls Royce Avon turbojet,including the F. Mk.6a depicted by this model.
		No.617 re-equipped with the Tornado GR.1 at RAF Marham in 1982, and upgraded to the GR.4 variant in 2002, with which it is current.
		The Tornado marked a vast improvement in respects of weaponsload, avionics, navigational aids and accuracy, range and safety.
	www.aircraftmodels.co.uk /460_1.html (1749 words)

	AeroARCHIVE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Typhoon was designed by the Hawker team under Sydney Camm, Chief Designer of Hawker Aircraft Ltd., as a direct and logical development of the Hawker Hurricane.
		Contemporary with the Typhoon, the Hawker Tornado was intended to have the same airframe, modified to take a 24-cylinder Rolls-Royce Vulture liquid-cooled "X"-type, in-line motor, which is now out of production.
		In the Hawker Typhoon, Fighter Command has yet another aeroplane which is far ahead in technical development of all aeroplanes in the Luftwaffe.
	www.aeroplanemonthly.com /archive/typhoon/Typhoon.htm (1560 words)

	British Aircraft of Wolrd War II - HAWKER TORNADO
		Hawker Tornado LA and IB designations were to apply to Vulture-engined production versions with wing-mounted armament of ('A') 12 0.303 in (7.7 mm) Browning machine guns or ('B') four 20 mm Hispano cannon respectively.
		First Hawker Tornado (P5219) flown October 6, 1939, with 'A' wing (guns not fitted) and 1,760 hp Vulture II served by ventral radiator, the latter soon replaced by chin radiator, as first flown December 6, 1939.
		Production of 896 Hawker Tornados by Avro planned, but abandoned after completion of one aircraft (R7936, flown at Woodford on August 29, 1941), when production of unsatisfactory Vulture terminated.
	www.jaapteeuwen.com /ww2aircraft/html%20pages/HAWKER%20TORNADO.htm (230 words)

	Hawker Typhoon and Tempest history
		Structurally both types were similar: the wings were all-metal, the front fuselage was of steel tubing, and the aft section consisted of a stressed-skin, flush-riveted monocoque--the first Hawker designs to employ this form of construction.
		Uniformity between the two fighters was, in fact, achieved to a remarkable degree, but the designs did differ in one important respect initially--the Vulture -powered fighter made use of a ventral radiator while the Sabre- driven machine had one of "chin" type.
		Sabre VA engine and, except in having small intake ducts in the wing roots, was outwardly indistinguishable from the Tempest V. By and large, both the Typhoon and Tempest escaped the fate of so many aeroplanes of being used as test-beds for a variety of experiments.
	www.military.cz /british/air/war/fighter/tempest/history.htm (3009 words)

	wiki/Tornado (disambiguation) Definition / wiki/Tornado (disambiguation) Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The meteorological phenomenonA tornado is a violent windstorm characterized by a twisting, funnel-shaped cloud.
		The word "tornado" comes from the Spanish or Portuguese verb tornar, meaning "to turn." The phenomenon appears in storms all around the world, most famously in a broad area of the American Midwest and South known as Tornado Alley.
		Although the United States experiences more tornadoes than any other country, when relative land area is accounted for, the United Kingdom is the most tornado-prone country in the world.
	www.elresearch.com /wiki/Tornado_(disambiguation) (321 words)

	Tornado - Recommended Batteries
		Hawker batteries are in most peoples opinion the best - but they have an undeserved reputation for being expensive.
		Hawker recommend that because all their batteries use a pure lead tin chemistry, for cyclic applications it is OK to charge their batteries at 14.4-15V with an unlimited maximum current, so long as great care is taken to only put in the same capacity that has been taken out
		In most cases standard Hawker Odysseys would be smaller, cheaper and lighter, so it's rare that you'd want to, other than possibly for different weight classes, such as Lightweight or Middleweight.
	www.teamtornado.co.uk /batt.htm (3451 words)

	Knight Battery Sales - Batteries - Battery Chargers - Industrial Battery Supplies - Sealed Lead Acid
		The Hawker Odyssey range is ideal, capable of withstanding high impacts and vibration, being able to work in any orientation, and providing a large capacity for their size and weight.
		Tornado is considered by many to be one of the fastest and most manoeuvrable robots, and this is to a large extent due to it running exclusively on Hawker Odyssey batteries, supplied by Knight Battery Sales.
		The Hawker Odyssey range is ideal for these starter packs - the low self discharge means that it will be ready to go when you need it, while the high output current will mean that starting is almost guaranteed.
	www.knightbatteries.com /applications.cfm (817 words)

	Naval Air RE:Euro Fighter Naval - usually Hawker H.... StrategyPage.com
		Tornado, Typhoon and Tempest were (in that order) closely related aircraft, taking the Hurricane design back to the drawing board in order to create a successor.
		Tornado was to be a fighter, the project was abandoned before it was put into production but became:
		Tempest, the fighter that Tornado and Typhoon attempted to be, a true successor to the Hurricane and the best RAF fighter of WW2.
	www.strategypage.com /messageboards/messages/9-1038.asp (450 words)

	Hawker Hurricane
		Hawker Hurricane ME 11D tank busters and Hurricanes in the Battle of Britain by aviation artists David Pentland, Tim Fisher, Ivan Berryman and Barry Price.
		During the Battle of Britain a total of 1715 Hurricanes took part, (which was more than the rest of the aircraft of the Royal air force put together) and almost 75% of the Victories during the Battle of Britain went to hurricane pilots.
		The Hawker Hurricane was used in all theatres during World war two, and in many roles.
	www.aviationartprints.com /hurricane.htm (1734 words)

	Military Factory - Military Aircraft - Panavia Tornado (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Panavia Tornado is the Primary Workhorse of the British RAF.
		First deliveries to the RAF of the original Panavia Tornado GR1 version were made in 1980 where it replaced a number of older RAF aircraft including the Buccaneer and Vulcan as low-level attack aircraft.
		As well as the existing weapons carried by Tornados (such as the Paveway family of laser- and GPS-guided bombs and the ALARM anti-radar missile) a number of new weapons can now be used.
	www.militaryfactory.com /aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=54 (411 words)

	The Hawker Typhoon, Tempest, & Sea Fury
		As Hawker production was heavily committed at the time, Avro was to build the Tornado and Gloster was to build the Typhoon.
		The first prototype Tornado suffered from engine cooling problems and so near the end of 1939 it was given a large chin radiator, giving the aircraft a very distinctive appearance.
		The Centaurus was having development problems of its own, and the Centaurus-powered Tornado went nowhere for the time being.
	www.faqs.org /docs/air/avcfury.html (5635 words)

	hawker resource (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Hello, Im Keno Hawker, and Im proud to be the Mayor of Mesa, Arizona...
		Use Robert Stephen Hawker's 'The Figure-Head of the "Caledonia...
		the Flinders Ranges north of Hawker with the task of assisting the...
	www.allperfect.com /30/hawker-resource.html (439 words)

	Panavia Tornado Aircraft and Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		This may be of use to anyone building model kits of the Tornado, or researching the history of an example of Tornado.
		If, perhaps for a birthday or to help with a rebuild project, you are looking for books and manuals on classic Panavias, or Tornados in particular, just click here to see what Panavia book titles Amazon has available.
		Please note that all recent photographs taken by myself on this website (plus my articles) are all copyright R Jones (c) and not to be reproduced anywhere else in any form, digital or otherwise.
	www.classic-aircraft.oldclassiccar.co.uk /panavia_tornado.htm (369 words)

	WW2 Warbirds: the Hawker Typhoon - Frans Bonné
		Hawker Typhoon Mk IA This version was het initial typhoon version, and paved the way for the following aircraft in becoming great Ground-attack aircraft.
		Initially meant as an interceptor, the climb rate was thought to be inadequate, and aerodynamical issues caused by the Chin form radiator under the nose made the RAF Command decide that the Typhoon was not suited for this role and should be used as a ground-attack aircraft instead.
		Hawker Typhoon Mk IB The disappointing results and problems with structure and tail of the Mk IA made the Air Ministrry consider to drop the Typhoon alltogether.
	www.xs4all.nl /~fbonne/warbirds/ww2htmls/hawktyphoon.html (897 words)

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