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Topic: Hawking process

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	Hawking radiation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In physics, Hawking radiation is thermal radiation thought to be emitted by fl holes due to quantum effects.
		Physical insight on the process may be gained by imagining that particle antiparticle radiation is emitted from just beyond the event horizon.
		A more precise, but still much simplified view of the process is that vacuum fluctuations cause a particle-antiparticle pair to appear close to the event horizon of a fl hole.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hawking_radiation (1175 words)

	John Preskill's comments about Stephen Hawking's concession
		Hawking pointed out that the process of fl hole evaporation (which he had discovered earlier) could not be reconciled with the principles of quantum physics and gravitational physics that were then generally accepted.
		But Hawking argued that fl hole evaporation is fundamentally different that ordinary physical processes, that information that falls behind the event horizon of a fl hole will be lost forever, remaining concealed even after the fl hole has evaporated completely and disappeared.
		Hawking has followed this work by the string theorists with great interest; I think he has been especially impressed by Maldacena's contributions, which suggest (as ’t Hooft, Susskind, and others had anticipated) that information is encoded in fl hole spacetimes in a very subtle way.
	www.theory.caltech.edu /~preskill/jp_24jul04.html (1186 words)

	Space and Time
		In 1994 Stephen W. Hawking and Roger Penrose gave a series of public lectures on general relativity at the lsaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences at the University of Cambridge.
		Hawking and Penrose both believe that when a fl hole radiates, it loses the information it held.
		Hawking agrees that the big bang and the final "big crunch" will be different, but he does not subscribe to a time asymmetry in the laws of nature.
	www.fortunecity.com /emachines/e11/86/space.html (4186 words)

	STEPHEN HAWKING
		Hawking has been robbed of both voice and muscle by disease but still has his wonderful brain and enquiring mind.
		The mission of the knowledge process was to discover the plan of the gods while the methods of knowledge required one put away desire; strip away the senses of touch, sight, sound and taste; enter into absolute communion with the Divine.
		In contrast to pre-modern knowledge processes, this method requires that one expand and refine the senses; touch, sight, sound, smell and taste rather than to put them away and merge with super-natural realms.
	uwacadweb.uwyo.edu /RED_FEATHER/lectures/041Hawking.htm (2008 words)

	www.panentheism.com
		It is Einstein I perceive to be the father of a new age of metaphysics, an age of relativistic philosophy.
		It is Hawking I perceive to be the one who defined the characteristics of a universal philosophy.
		The means of developing such a consensus is through the development of a concept defined by Stephen Hawking as a ‘universal philosophy.’ This ‘universal philosophy’ could be achieved by using a process developed by Husserl: using ‘bracketing’ and applying the process of ‘reduction’ as outlined by Husserl.
	www.panentheism.com /Pages/0000202.html (3703 words)

	Luboš Motl's reference frame: Hawking and information loss (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Hawking was the first person who in 1974 successfully merged (even though just approximately, in what we call the "semiclassical approximation") the laws of general relativity with the laws of quantum field theory to derive a nontrivial quantitative result - namely the Hawking radiation, including its spectrum.
		Hawking's new answer looks right, and it would be even better if he could really resolve the apparent paradox that appears in the semiclassical approximation.
		Hawking wants to express the information loss quantitatively in terms of the correlation functions that usually decay exponentially in the presence of the fl hole - you may think about the damped "quasinormal ringing modes" that bring the fl hole closer to its perfect, e.g.
	motls.blogspot.com /2004/12/hawking-and-information-loss.html (1935 words)

	Hawking Loses Bet; Changes Mind on Black Holes
		The findings, which Hawking is due to present at the 17th International Conference on General Relativity and Gravitation in Dublin, Ireland, on July 21, could help solve the "fl hole information paradox," which is a crucial puzzle of modern physics.
		Hawking revolutionized the study of the holes when he demonstrated in 1976 that, under the strange rules of quantum physics, once fl holes form they start to "evaporate" away, radiating energy and losing mass in the process.
		Hawking did not elaborate on the BBC program how the information could be extracted from the fl hole.
	www.space.com /news/hawking_bet_040716.html (698 words)

	RFI - A Brief History of Stephen Hawking
		The METHOD of the knowledge process includes logical positivism; the use of akkadian numbers, greek/indian/arabic mathematics, aristotlean logic, leibnizian calculus together with Pascalian laws of probability with which, with the method of successive approximations, come ever closer to absolute truth.
		By the middle of the 20th century, claims were made that human beings had reached the end of history, the end of economics and the end of the knowedge process.
		This series will conclude with the statement that the human process requires all three forms of knowedge; pre-modern, modern and postmodern knowledge can be, must be integrated to serve the human project writ large.
	uwacadweb.uwyo.edu /RED_FEATHER/lectures/stephawk.htm (1976 words)

	Response to Stephen Hawking
		Hawking's recommendation is to (i) improve human intelligence with genetic engineering to "raise the complexity of...
		Hawking's perception of the acceleration of nonbiological intelligence is essentially on target.
		I don't agree with Hawking that "strong AI" is a fate to be avoided.
	www.kurzweilai.net /articles/art0288.html?vb (6398 words)

	Hawking Radiation 2 (different question)
		The effect on the energy of the fl hole, as seen from the outside (that is, relative to an external timelike coordinate) is that it decreases by an amount equal to the energy carried off to infinity by the positive-energy particle.
		There is also the term "Hawking Process" appearing which includes/combines the original HR work with work of others as mentioned as well as Thorn and especially Kerr (for spin) and Newman (for charge).
		The radiation process described is the quantum analogue of fl hole superradiance, which is itself related to the Penrose energy extraction process in the presence of an ergosphere (cf Wald).
	www.physicsforums.com /showthread.php?p=106411 (2447 words)

	Scientific American: Article:The Nature of Space and Time: July 1996
		In 1994 Stephen W. Hawking and Roger Penrose gave a series of public lectures on general relativity at the Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences at the University of Cambridge.
		Although they share a common heritage in physics-Penrose served on Hawking's Ph.D. thesis committee at Cambridge-the lecturers differ in their vision of quantum mechanics and its impact on the evolution of the universe.
		But I totally reject the idea that there is some physical process that corresponds to the reduction of the wave function or that this has anything to do with quantum gravity or consciousness.
	zebu.uoregon.edu /~imamura/123/lecture-7/hawking.html (3438 words)

	CNN.com - Hawking: Re-engineer humans or risk machine rule - September 5, 2001
		Hawking's comments, reminiscent of the scenario in Stanley Kubrick's science fiction film 2001: A Space Odyssey, were published along with an introduction to his forthcoming book, The Universe in a Nutshell.
		It will be a slow process, because it takes around 18 years, or a generation, to determine the effects of genetic manipulation, he said.
		Hawking, who has the neurological disease Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (known in the U.S. as Lou Gehrig's disease) -- uses a motorized wheelchair and communicates with the aid of a portable computer and speech synthesizer.
	archives.cnn.com /2001/TECH/ptech/09/05/humans.machine.idg (249 words)

	Hawking Radiation
		A while before his derivation of fl hole radiation, Hawking himself proved what is now known as the Area Theorem of fl holes, which states that the surface area of a fl hole can never decrease.
		Hawking first attempted to examine the space-time outside the fl hole using quantum field theory, which has a very different picture of empty space than the classical definition.
		This is the process by which fl holes radiate, which is now known as Hawking radiation.
	www.physics.hmc.edu /student_projects/astro62/hawking_radiation/radiation.html (951 words)

	Breath & Shadow (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Hawking notes in that same article that "I was lucky to have chosen to work in theoretical physics, because that was one of the few areas in which my condition would not be a serious handicap."
		Hawking caught pneumonia in 1985, which necessitated a tracheostomy that removed his ability to speak but not his ability to "talk" in the fullest sense of that word.
		Hawking, Nolan, and Sienckiewicz–Mercer benefit from the insights, discoveries, patience, and inventions of countless other people: those near and dear to them and complete strangers; the living and the long–dead; people acting altruistically and those just trying to earn a living.
	www.abilitymaine.org /breath/Dec05/noe.html (3394 words)

	The black hole riddle -- solved! - Salon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The announcement marks a U-turn from Prof Hawking, who had argued that anything swallowed by a fl hole was forever hidden from the outside universe.
		It has also lost him one of the most famous bets in science: in 1997 Hawking and fellow theoretical physicist Kip Thorne made a wager with John Preskill at the California Institute of Technology, who insisted that information carried by an object entering a fl hole was not destroyed, and so could be recovered.
		Prof Hawking's talk has been eagerly awaited for weeks after news of his change of thinking emerged when he spoke at a department seminar in Cambridge.
	dir.salon.com /story/tech/feature/2004/07/22/hawking/index_np.html (896 words)

	Hawking Technologies
		Hawkingâs New Wireless-B and Wireless-G Access Points/Bridges Combine the Functions of an AP, Bridge and Repeater Into One Easy-to-Configure Device.
		IRVINE, CA â“ December 23, 2003 â“ Hawking Technologies, Inc., one of the leading providers of networking equipment, today announced that it is planning to introduce two (802.11b and 802.11g) new wireless access points / bridges.
		Hawking Technologies is a leading manufacturer and marketer of connectivity solutions for home, workgroup, and corporate users around the world.
	www.hawkingtech.com /pressdetails.php?typeID=3&PressID=15 (536 words)

	1 Antiproton emission from PBHs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Hawking fl hole evaporation process can be intuitively understood as a quantum creation of particles from the vacuum by an external field (see Frolov and Novikov 1998 for more details).
		Although very similar to the effect of particle creation by an electric field, the Hawking process has a fundamental difference: since the states of negative energy are confined inside the hole, only one of the created particles can appear outside and reach infinity.
		To derive the accurate emission process, which mimics a Planck law, Hawking used the usual quantum mechanical wave equation for a collapsing object with a postcollapse classical curved metric (Hawking 1975).
	aanda.u-strasbg.fr:2002 /papers/aa/full/2002/23/aa2225/node2.html (406 words)

	BBC - Press Office - Hawking
		Lisa Dillon plays Hawking's first wife, Jane Wilde, who meets the young cosmologist at a party in 1963 and is instantly intrigued by Stephen's talk of stars and the universe.
		Writer Peter Moffat adds: "Hawking is probably the singly most challenging and rewarding experience of my working life and the process made me completely re-shape my thinking on so many levels.
		Hawking was filmed on location in Cambridge and London and is a BBC TWO collaboration between BBC Drama and Horizon in BBC Science.
	www.bbc.co.uk /pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2004/04_april/02/hawking.shtml (705 words)

	Finkelstein Black Hole Kerr Newman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The canonical phenomena of this type are relaxation or transport processes, phenomena which are usually termed "irreversible", and phase transitions for which the entropy is not a constant.
		Thus, the Hawking radiation carries "information" about the inside of the hole in the same manner as the measurement of EPR partners separated by space-like distances reveals correlations in measurement devices that are at space-like distances.
		Hawking and Ellis, in The LargeScale Structure of Space-Time (Cambridge 1973), show the Maximal Extension of SpaceTime at the Black Hole Ring Singularity (whether e^2 + a^2 is greater than, equal to, or less than M^2).
	www.valdostamuseum.org /hamsmith/BlackHole.html (6570 words)

	Plasma Cosmology - Article
		Stephen Hawking explains as follows, “A good theory will describe a large range of phenomena on the basis of a few simple postulates and will make definite predictions which can be tested if the observations disagree with the predictions, one has to discard or modify the theory”.
		The Big Bang theory is the oldest modern explanation of the origin of the Universe, having its roots in the concept of the expanding Universe proposed by Georges Lemaître, in 1927.
		This process has never been observed in the laboratory, but since the rate of creation required is of the order of one atom per cubic kilometre of space over a period of around 10 years, this was hardly a fatal objection.
	www.skepticalinvestigations.org /controversies/bigbang.htm (2245 words)

	MND: » The Mute Speak
		As Hawking wrote in A Brief History of Time, he and Penrose “proved that there must have been a big bang singularity provided only that general relativity is correct and the universe contains as much matter as we observe.” The “big bang singularity” means a definite starting point for the universe.
		Hawking caught pneumonia in 1985 which necessitated a tracheotomy that removed his ability to speak but not his ability to “talk” in the fullest sense of that word.
		Hawking, Nolan, and Sienckiewicz-Mercer benefit from the insights, discoveries, patience, and inventions of countless other people: those near and dear to them and complete strangers; the living and the long-dead; people acting altruistically and those just trying to make money.
	mensnewsdaily.com /2006/08/06/the-mute-speak (3639 words)

	So, what's stephen hawkings saying?: Philosophy Forums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		If so far the model contained the idea of a clear horizon of events it seems that in Hawking new proposal it is not well defined,enabling,at a certain moment (remain to be seen when from Hawking's presentation),some 'leaking' of information toward the outside.
		In the seventies Hawking discovered that fl holes "evaporate" as they loose energy to virtual particles, but virtual particles cannot be directly detected and cannot convey information.
		If Hawking is correct and the event horizon is Indeterminate, this may have important implications to string theory and the information entropy of a fl hole.
	forums.philosophyforums.com /comments.php?id=10181&page=last (1192 words)

	Physics news Update 781
		A new paper by Cambridge physicist Stephen Hawking and Thomas Hertog of CERN (hertog@mail.cern.ch) suggests that it can.
		The leading explanation for the observed acceleration of the expansion of the universe is that a substance, dark energy, fills the vacuum and produces a uniform repulsive force between any two points in space -- a sort of anti-gravity.
		In Richard Feynman's formulation of quantum theory, the probability that a photon ends up at a particular spot is calculated by summing up over all possible trajectories for the photon.
	www.aip.org /pnu/2006/split/781-2.html?source=rsspnu (615 words)

	5. Possible Experimental Consequences
		Neutrinos cannot be absorbed in the equivalent of the inverse-bremsstrahlung process because they are fermions and have a neutral-weak-current scattering cross section which is inversely proportion to their wavelength at low energies.
		Such an experiment is now in progress at the University of Washington, and employs the angular correlation between the directions of neutrino and electron emission in a pure Gamow-Teller beta decay to deduce a possible anisotropy in neutrino emission by observing the spatial distribution of emitted electrons, as measured in back-to-back beta scintillation spectrometers.
		In particular, the spatial anisotropies in neutrinos produced by the decay of a collimated beam of pi mesons should be quite anisotropic, and this anisotropy should be reflected in the distribution of muons resulting from the pion decays.
	www.npl.washington.edu /npl/int_rep/dtime/node5.html (979 words)

	ZDNet Hawking HBB1 Broadband Booster Review & Comparison (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Hawking Technologies' HBB1 Broadband Booster can help by imposing a proprietary Quality of Service routine to streamline Internet access from your network; however, it attacks only one part of a vast problem.
		The problem is that while broadband can deliver a few megabytes a second of data, all but the most expensive ISPs uplink at only a couple hundred kilobytes per second; when there's a lot of action, some data and commands have to wait their turn.
		It may sound like a complicated process, but the Hawking Broadband Booster hides the complexity from the user.
	review.zdnet.com /Hawking_HBB1_Broadband_Booster/4505-6461_16-31398247.html (933 words)

	String theory and Hawking radiation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		As a result, if some physical process emits light at some frequency, it will appear to have a much lower frequency when detected at a position with much smaller metric components, so that there is a redshift.
		Hawking in fact claimed that this is what would indeed happen.
		Hawking radiation is a feature of any theory which contains general relativity in any number of dimensions – the fact that other fields are present is not important.
	www.ias.ac.in /currsci/dec251999/articles21.htm (8564 words)

	Professor Stephen Hawking
		The process of biological evolution was very slow at first.
		On the other hand, the brains with which we process this information have evolved only on the Darwinian time scale, of hundreds of thousands of years.
		It is more likely that evolution is a random process, with intelligence as only one of a large number of possible outcomes.
	www.hawking.org.uk /lectures/life.html (4459 words)

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