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Topic: Hawking radiation

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	Hawking radiation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In physics, Hawking radiation is thermal radiation thought to be emitted by fl holes due to quantum effects.
		This radiation does not come directly from the fl hole itself, but rather is a result of virtual particles being "boosted" by the fl hole's gravitation into becoming real particles.
		The power emitted by a fl hole in the form of Hawking radiation can easily be estimated for the simplest case of a nonrotating, non-charged Schwarzschild fl hole of mass M.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hawking_radiation (1091 words)

	Acoustic Hawking radiation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This effect is analogous to the Hawking radiation behaviour predicted by quantum mechanics for the region of curved spacetime around a fl hole.
		Hawking (before 2004): Since general relativity has to be correct, and information cannot leak out of a fl hole, information inside a hole must be permanently "lost" to the outside universe, and the information imprinted in the pattern of escaping Hawking radiation must come from "elsewhere".
		The apparent generality of Hawking radiation effects prompts John Preskill, to say that this would face us with "the daunting task of finding a new conceptual basis for all of physics" (1992), and to draw a historical comparison with the ultraviolet catastrophe as to the theoretical importance of the situation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Classical_Hawking_radiation (1818 words)

	Physicists hope to simulate a black hole event horizon in the lab: 6/00
		Hawking said this radiation has a well-defined temperature that is proportional to the gravitational force at its event horizon.
		According to Hawking, if a particle/antiparticle pair is created near the event horizon of a fl hole, gravity will pull one of the particles into the hole permanently, while the other particle (or antiparticle) can escape, or be "radiated," from the fl hole.
		The typical Hawking radiation temperature from solar-mass-sized fl holes is as low as 0.0001 degree Kelvin (close to absolute zero, and radiation becomes fainter as the temperature decreases).
	www.stanford.edu /dept/news/report/news/2000/june7/blackholes-67.html (1176 words)

	Hawking Radiation
		Kelvin, and its Hawking luminosity a miserable 10
		Bigger fl holes are colder and dimmer: the Hawking temperature is inversely proportional to the mass, while the Hawking luminosity is inversely proportional to the square of the mass.
		However, it is also possible that the Hawking radiation, rather than emerging directly, might power a hadronic fireball that would degrade the radiation into particles and gamma rays of less extreme energy, possibly making the evaporating fl hole visible to the eye.
	casa.colorado.edu /~ajsh/hawk.html (998 words)

	Hawking radiation - Uncyclopedia
		Hawking radiation is a form of radiation emitted by Stephen Hawking.
		As Hawking continues to emit radiation, he loses mass, the result of which is the shrunken and shrivelled form we see today.
		His robotic voice synthesiser intercepts and converts the Hawking radiation into a monotonous stream of verbal abuse and wild new ideas about getting revenge on Bill Gates for that brownie incident.
	uncyclopedia.org /wiki/Hawking_radiation (188 words)

	BBC - Science & Nature - Horizon
		Hawking realised that the Universe was, in effect, a fl hole in reverse.
		Hawking realised that to come to a complete understanding of the Universe he would have to unravel the mysteries of the fl hole.
		Hawking realised that to come to a full understanding of fl holes, physicists would also have to use the physics of the small-scale Universe; the physics that had been developed to explain the movements of atoms and sub-atomic particles, known as quantum mechanics.
	www.bbc.co.uk /sn/tvradio/programmes/horizon/hawking_prog_summary.shtml (1392 words)

	Hawking radiation in a solid-state BH (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Hawking radiation in a solid-state BH Hawking Radiation in a Solid-State analog of a Black-Hole
		The standard derivations of Hawking's radiation rely on the theory of a free quantized field on curved space-time, and describe the radiation as originating from vacuum fluctuations on scales exponentially smaller than the Planck scale.
		Nevertheless, we have shown that Hawking radiation is still emitted if free field modes are initially in their ground state.
	www.tau.ac.il /~reznik/Main_part/trans-Planckian.htm (235 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - Hawking Radiation - A568514
		Hawking radiation is a theoretical phenomenon first proposed by (and named after) the famous astrophysicist, Dr Stephen Hawking.
		An unusual aspect of Hawking radiation is that it may be a proof of the 'arrow of time'.
		However, the pattern of Hawking radiation emitted by a fl hole bears no relationship to the pattern of matter and energy that the fl hole consumed; the 'information' contained in the things that fall into the hole has essentially been erased, making it impossible to reconstruct the nature of anything that went in.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/h2g2/alabaster/A568514 (747 words)

	Wikinfo \| Hawking radiation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In astrophysics, Hawking radiation is thermal radiation emitted by fl holes.
		It was originally thought that the gravitation was so powerful that nothing, not even radiation, could escape from the fl hole, but Hawking theorized that (particle-antiparticle) radiation would be emitted from just beyond the event horizon.
		The radiation from a fl hole is flbody radiation with temperature:
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Hawking_radiation (644 words)

	Hawking Radiation
		Instead, they should glow slightly with "Hawking radiation", consisting of photons, neutrinos, and to a lesser extent all sorts of massive particles.
		The most drastic consequence is that a fl hole, left alone and unfed, should radiate away its mass, slowly at first but then faster and faster as it shrinks, finally dying in a blaze of glory like a hydrogen bomb.
		Apparently Hawking's original computation dealt with this case, but people subsequently watered down his explanation by assuming the fl hole was there eternally, to simplify the math.
	math.ucr.edu /home/baez/physics/Relativity/BlackHoles/hawking.html (957 words)

	EXN.ca \| Discovery
		Stephen Hawking first conceived of this special kind of radiation in 1970 when he was on his way to bed.
		Scientists have yet to see Hawking radiation with their own eyes, but the theory has won wide acceptance.
		Stephen Hawking was born on January 8, 1942 - exactly 300 years after the death of Galileo, the Italian astronomer who discovered the Moons of Jupiter and revolutionized our understanding of the cosmos.
	www.exn.ca /Stories/1998/05/06/55.asp (386 words)

	PhysOrgForum Science, Physics and Technology Discussion Forums -> Hawking Radiation
		The radiation tends to go outwards along the slower velocity of the gravitational pathways, which is typically one of the poles, or the axis points of the mass.
		Hawking Radiation is usually shown as being ejected in this manner, and expelled like heated water from a geyser.
		Hawking radiation is only the indication of matter having its valances striped, within a fountain, that projects up near the poles of a relative fl hole.
	forum.physorg.com /index.php?showtopic=2383&view=getlastpost (347 words)

	New Scientist Breaking News - Hawking cracks black hole paradox
		Hawking's argument was that the intense gravitational fields of fl holes somehow unravel the laws of quantum physics.
		Now, it seems that Hawking too has an answer to the conundrum and the physics community is abuzz with the news.
		Hawking requested at the last minute that he be allowed to present his findings at the 17th International Conference on General Relativity and Gravitation in Dublin, Ireland.
	www.newscientist.com /article.ns?id=dn6151 (677 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Science/Nature \| Black holes turned 'inside out'
		Stephen Hawking has put forward a new theory that changes the way scientists view fl holes, saying he was wrong about them in the past.
		Scientists were astounded because Hawking's work on a mathematical description of the ever-shrinking fl hole forged a link between gravity and entropy - a measure of how energy changes from one form to another.
		Hawking's latest theory seems to rule out using fl holes as time machines or as gateways to other universes.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/science/nature/3913145.stm (841 words)

	Hawking unveils new thinking on black holes - Space News - MSNBC.com
		Hawking had previously insisted that fl holes destroy all molecular fingerprints of their contents and emit only a generic form of radiation.
		Hawking, 62, said he no longer believes a 1980s theory that fl holes might offer passage into another universe, a rival explanation for identifying where matter and energy go when consumed by a fl hole.
		Hawking shot to international fame in 1988 with his best-selling book “A Brief History of Time,” which sought to explain to a general audience the most complex aspects of the universe.
	www.msnbc.msn.com /id/5473323 (1044 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Science/Nature \| Hawking backs down on black holes
		Stephen Hawking says he was wrong about a key argument he put forward 30 years ago on the behaviour of fl holes.
		Professor Hawking has not yet revealed the detailed maths behind his new ideas, but some points have leaked out from a seminar he gave at the University of Cambridge.
		Hawking and Thorne are expected to present Preskill with an encyclopaedia of his choice.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/sci/tech/3897989.stm (641 words)

	Black Hole Information Loss
		In 1975 Hawking and Bekenstein made a remarkable connection between thermodynamics, quantum mechanics and fl holes which predicted that fl holes will slowly radiate away.
		Perhaps the fl hole is not the same after it has evaporated to mass M as it was initially at mass M. Or perhaps there is some subtle correlation in the Hawking radiation that we are missing, but that supplies the missing information about the pure state.
		The thermal spectrum of Hawking radiation is one of the most serendipitous results in modern physics, in my opinion, which is another way of saying that something deep and not understood is going on.
	math.ucr.edu /home/baez/physics/Relativity/BlackHoles/info_loss.html (882 words)

	Hawking Radiation
		A while before his derivation of fl hole radiation, Hawking himself proved what is now known as the Area Theorem of fl holes, which states that the surface area of a fl hole can never decrease.
		Hawking undertook the task of applying quantum mechanics to fl hole dynamics.
		Hawking first attempted to examine the space-time outside the fl hole using quantum field theory, which has a very different picture of empty space than the classical definition.
	www.physics.hmc.edu /student_projects/astro62/hawking_radiation/radiation.html (951 words)

	PhysOrgForum Science, Physics and Technology Discussion Forums -> Hawking radiation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The hawking radiation itself comes in from the qunatum fluctuations (?) of space itself or a related process, if I remember correctly, where pairs of particles continously pop into and out of existence in empty space.
		I dunno, all I really know about hawking radiation is that the idea of naked singularities is scary, and that the follow up ideas regarding information theory are waaaaaaaaaaaaayyyyyy over my head.
		Hawking radiation causes particles to fall into the hole while anti-particles float free of it...when the fl hole evaporates and explodes and releases all of the stuff in it, would the particles and anti-particles just destroy each other like they normally would have?
	forum.physorg.com /index.php?showtopic=4627&view=getlastpost (759 words)

	Hawking radiation
		A process, first theorized by Stephen Hawking, by which a fl hole can apparently evaporate.
		When virtual particles are produced in the vicinity of a fl hole, it is possible for one member of the matter-antimatter pair to be pulled into the fl hole while the other escapes into space.
		Hawking radiation would be particularly important in the case of miniature fl holes, which might explode in this way.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/H/Hawkingrad.html (188 words)

	Stephen Hawking, The Big Bang, and God
		Hawking has made his reputation by investigating, in great detail, one particular set of problems: the singularity and horizons around fl holes and at the beginning of time.
		Hawking's first major work was published with Roger Penrose, a physicist very famous in his own right, and George Ellis, during the period 1968-1970.
		Isabel Hawking was a member of the Communist Party in England in the 1930's, and her son has carried a good bit of that intellectual baggage right through his life.
	www.leaderu.com /real/ri9404/bigbang.html (2998 words)

	Experimental Unruh Radiation?
		Experimental detection of Hawking radiation from real general-relativistic fl holes seems a close to hopeless proposition.
		Even the detection of the Hawking radiation that is expected to arise from condensed matter analog models for general relativity, while much more accessible than that from true gravitational fl holes, is also currently far from laboratory realization.
		This additional acceleration-related radiation has a characteristic acceleration dependence (a distorted thermal spectrum) and a characteristic angular dependence, which should in principle be measurable in the not too distant future.
	www.phys.lsu.edu /mog/mog17/node8.html (573 words)

	Black-Hole Physics in an Electromagnetic Waveguide - Physics Today August 2005
		The parameter that determines the Hawking temperature of the radiation emitted in the guide is the gradient of the waveguide light speed as one crosses the horizon.
		Unruh says that if the radiation emitted by the waveguide is truly independent of structural details, then trans-Planckian physics—and therefore any assumptions that Hawking made about it—is irrelevant to the generation of Hawking radiation.
		To accumulate measurable amounts of radiation, the waveguide would have to be very long; as a practical matter it may need to be rolled up in a spiral.
	www.aip.org /web_bin/pt/vol-58/iss-8/p19.shtml (1574 words)

	Re: hawking-radiation
		The existence of the Hawking radiation here is actually totally dependent on the collapse, even though, at late times, it doesn't depend on the details of the collapse (because the structure of the event horizon doesn't depend on the details of the collapse).
		In the static, extended-spacetime scenario, outbound radiation which looks identical to the above can still be seen in 0_k> or 0_u>, but it didn't come from inbound radiation that passed through r=0, it emerged from the white hole singularity in the past quadrant of spacetime at successively later values of t.
		Using this radiation to mimic the result of a collapse is a sort of cheat, which works because it's only the nature of the redshift in the immediate vicinity of the fl hole that really matters to the form of the radiation.
	www.lns.cornell.edu /spr/2002-06/msg0042219.html (2026 words)

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