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Topic: Hawksbill turtle

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	Turtle
		Turtles, a generic name for the group of reptiles which includes tortoises and terrapins, are reptiles most of whose body is shielded by a special bony shell developed from their ribs.
		There are two major groups of turtles: sea turtles, which grow to large sizes and live in the oceans in the temperate and tropical regions of the earth, and fresh-water turtles.
		Turtles are the only surviving branch of the even more ancient clade Anapsida, which includes groups such as the procolophonoids, millerettids and pareiasaurs.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/turtle (544 words)

	NOAA - Office of Protected Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Hawksbills are also known to inhabit mangrove-fringed bays and estuaries, particularly along the eastern shore of continents where coral reefs are absent.
		The hawksbill occurs in tropical and subtropical seas of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans.
		Turtle hatchlings are attracted to light, ignoring or coming out of the ocean to go towards a light source, increasing their chances of death or injury.
	www.nmfs.noaa.gov /prot_res/species/turtles/hawksbill.html (1937 words)

	WWF GUIANA: HAWKSBILL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Hawksbills have also been hunted for centuries for their shells, which are the sole source of tortoiseshell ("carey" or "bekko") for jewellery and ornaments.
		Hawksbill turtles are mainly carnivorous and use their narrow beaks to extract invertebrate prey from crevices on the reef.
		The carapace of the hawksbill is unusual amongst the marine turtles as the scutes (the hard, bony plates that constitute the shell) are overlapping.
	www.wwfguianas.org /hawksbill.htm (1233 words)

	Conservation of Hawksbill Sea Turtles: Perceptions and Realities
		Because hawksbill populations have been intensively exploited for centuries and we have little knowledge of early population levels, it is difficult to grasp the magnitude of the population declines.
		In hawksbills, for which the best estimate of sexual maturity is about 20 to 40 years (Chaloupka and Limpus, 1997; Crouse, 1999), even a small population of adult hawksbills will have a relatively large number of juveniles in the 20 to 40 age classes of subadults.
		Carr, A., and Meylan, A.B. Extinction or rescue for the hawksbill?
	www.turtles.org /bjorndal.htm (2222 words)

	Hawksbill Sea Turtle
		Hawksbill nesting grounds are widely dispersed throughout their range; up to 25,000 females nest in 60 tropical and subtropical countries.
		The hawksbill gets its name from the shape of its beak, which isn't quite as curved or pointed as a hawk's beak, but is much more pronounced than that of other sea turtle species.
		Hawksbills are omnivorous, consuming sea grasses, sea urchins, barnacles, small animals and their favorite food, sponges.
	www.hsus.org /wildlife/a_closer_look_at_wildlife/turtles_and_tortoises/hawksbill_sea_turtle.html (876 words)

	Encyclopedia: Hawksbill Sea Turtle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The turtle uses an enlarged hyoid apparatus as a phyrangeal pump, sucking huge volumes of water into the throat, then squeezing all the water out, leaving just the fish which are its food to be swallowed.
		Hawksbills can be found around rocky outcrops and high-energy shoals, which are optimum sites for sponge growth.
		Hawksbills have a strong site fidelity to specific nesting beach areas and are capable of returning to the same place season after season.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Hawksbill-Sea-Turtle (459 words)

	Animal Planet :: Corwin's Carnival of Creatures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The hawksbill turtle is an omnivore and eats mainly on sea grasses, corals, jellyfish, sea urchins and algae.
		Hawksbill turtles are protected in the U.S. under the Endangered Species Act.
		These turtles faced other problems though in other parts of the world, where they were sold for their meat and eggs.
	animal.discovery.com /fansites/jeffcorwin/carnival/frog/hawksbill.html (349 words)

	Sea Turtle -- Kids' Planet -- Defenders of Wildlife (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The hawksbill turtle is the source of the term "tortoise shell" because of the pattern of markings on its shell.
		Sea turtles are found in warm and temperate waters throughout the world and migrate hundreds of miles between nesting and feeding grounds.
		Sea turtles are threatened with capture, harvesting of eggs, destruction of nesting beaches, ocean pollution, oil spills and entanglement in fishing and shrimp nets.
	www.kidsplanet.org /factsheets/sea_turtle.html (626 words)

	Hawksbill Sea Turtle
		It is the only sea turtle whose costal and vertebral scutes of the upper shell (carapace) overlap the ones behind them, much like a shingled roof.
		The head is long and narrow compared to that of other kinds of sea turtles and it has a narrow hawk-like beak, for which it was named.
		Hawksbills are denizens of coral reefs and rocky areas, shallow costal areas and lagoons.
	www.seaturtleinc.com /turtles/hawksbill.html (285 words)

	redang island rendezvous - turtle identification guide
		Turtles can often be spotted in Redang while snorkelling or diving and it is always an exciting experience to encounter one.
		Turtles differ physically in the shape of the head, mouth, shell and the number of claws on the flippers.
		The Hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) is probably the most colourful turtle, having a dark brown coloration with pale yellow spots and stripes on the body.
	www.redang.org /turtleid.htm (635 words)

	CHS-Hawksbill Sea Turtle Report
		Hawksbill sea turtles are a kind of turtle which has been listed as an endangered animal since 1970.
		Hawksbill turtles nest on small pocket beaches, and because of their small body size and agility, can go over reefs that limit attack by other species.
		The use of heavy machinery near nesting sites which can trap the turtles in their nests, and the removal of sand for construction which can cause the loss of good nesting sites reduces the number of baby turtles which are allowed to mature.
	www.tenan.vuurwerk.nl /reports/cathedra/hawksbill.html (821 words)

	Hawksbill Turtle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Among pelagic turtles, the hawksbill alone has the tendency to feed and breed in the same area, preferring the tropical shoals and reefs of the world's oceans.
		The turtle's flesh can be poisonous; in some places fishermen test for poison by throwing the turtle's liver to the crows.
		The hawksbill turtle is the sole source of authentic "tortoiseshell" which comes from the scutes, or outer layer of the carapace.
	www.sonic.net /~mk/work/turtle.html (157 words)

	Endangered Species » Reptiles » Hawksbill Turtle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		A hawksbill turtle from a feeding ground at Culasi, Antique, Central Philippines was recorded nesting 713 kilometers distant to the Northern Sabah Turtle Islands (de Silva, 1982).
		The relative rarity of the hawksbill is largely a result of prolonged over-exploitation of eggs and the international trade of tortoiseshell.
		The hawksbill description is heart-shaped or elongate; tapering behind with strong posterior serrations, narrow and pointed head, brown with variable radiating markings is it's color.
	www.ac.wwu.edu /~fasawwu/resources/endangered/hawksbill-turtle.htm (372 words)

	Hawksbill Turtle Fact Sheet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Hawksbill turtles are well known for their beautiful carapace (exterior shell) often referred to as "tortoise shell" which was exploited for many years by the fashion industry.
		Hawksbill turtles are listed as an endangered species and are protected in Hawaii under state law, the Federal Endangered Species Act, and listed under the Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species, making it illegal to import or export turtle products.
		Juvenile, subadult and adult hawksbill turtles are omnivorous scavengers, feeding primarily on sponges found on the solid substrate of coral reefs.
	www.pacificwhale.org /childrens/fshawksbill.html (1160 words)

	NetPets, Inc. / The Kids' Room / Sea Turtle Facts
		This may be a good thing for the flatback turtle since although sea turtles have existed for 180 million years, as human populations increased turtle populations dropped and some may soon become extinct.
		It is, however, the largest hard-shelled sea turtle with adults weighing in at an average of between 200 and 300 pounds with a shell length of between 36 and 43 inches.
		The hawksbill is a small-to-medium-size sea turtle, ranging from 30 to 36 inches in shell length and weighing from 100 to 200 pounds.
	www.chirpingbird.com /netpets/html/classrm/turtlfac.html (2295 words)

	ReefNews - Hawksbill Turtle at Rockwell Reef, Bimini (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The mother turtle digs a hole in the sand, lays her eggs in the hole, covers the eggs with sand, and then leaves the nest and returns to the ocean.
		Hunters have killed Hawksbill Turtles for their shells and have collected their eggs from nests on beaches until there are not many left.
		A new problem facing sea turtles is that people have built buildings near the beaches where turtles come ashore to lay their eggs, which may scare the turtles away and prevent them from laying their eggs.
	www.reefnews.com /reefnews/photos/bimini/hawkbill.html (555 words)

	Hawksbill turtle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) is the most common species in the Red Sea, though green turtles are sighted occasionally.
		Hawksbills can be seen on shallow reefs and are easily recognised by their narrow heads and pronounced hooked beaks.
		Hawksbill turtles come ashore to lay their eggs in shallow nests on the beaches of the mainland and Sinai coasts, and on the islands of Tiran, Zabargad and Dahlak.
	www.divernet.com /biolog/turtl199.htm (605 words)

	Hawksbill Sea Turtle - Incredible Journey: Hawksbill Sea Turtles
		Slow and vulnerable on land, hawksbill sea turtles are graceful swimmers capable of long ocean journeys.
		Habitat Range: Hawksbills are found in the eastern Atlantic, from the coast of France to the southern tip of Africa, and have feeding grounds in the Mediterranean.
		In the Americas, hawksbills occur in the east Pacific from the U.S. to Peru and in the west Atlantic from Nova Scotia to Brazil.
	nature.org /magazine/fall2002/turtles (620 words)

	Hawksbill
		The hawksbill is one of the smaller sea turtles, Hawksbills usually range from 30 to 36 inches in length and weigh 100 to 200 pounds.
		Hawksbills are reported to eat a wide variety of invertebrates, but the predominate food item in most parts of the world appears to be toxic sponges.
		Hawksbill turtles are observed regularly by scuba divers on reefs off the Atlantic coast of Florida and in the Florida Keys and may be more common in these coastal waters than previously thought.
	www.2fla.com /Hawksbill.htm (661 words)

	HAWKSBIL Case
		Different varieties of Hawksbill turtles are found in the Pacific and Indian Oceans, as well as the Caribbean and Persian Gulf (see GREEN case).
		The Hawksbill turtle protection case is an example of a direct impacts): Japan agreed to prohibit imports of Hawksbill and Olive Ridley turtles, which directly impacts the existence of the "bekko" industry.
		If current trends continue, the Hawksbill turtle will be extinct "early in the next century." The animal is said to have 25 or 30 years of life once they have reached sexual maturity.
	gurukul.ucc.american.edu /ted/hawksbil.htm (1260 words)

	Keinath11-2
		The fisherman had removed many barnacles from the turtle, otherwise the animal appeared to be in good physical health, and the turtle was kept at the VMSM overnight.
		Hawksbills typically inhabit coral reefs and rocky places (Ernst and Barbour, 1972; Pritchard, 1979; Witzell, 1983) and although Chesapeake Bay has no coral reefs, the sponges found in the fecal sample typically grow in hard substrates, such as oyster reefs and man-made structures.
		Hawksbill turtles found in Virginia's waters are extra-limital (Musick, 1988) and should be considered lost waifs.
	fwie.fw.vt.edu /VHS/keinath11-2.htm (947 words)

	BBC - Science & Nature - Wildfacts - Hawksbill turtle
		Hawksbills are relatively small, and take their common name from their beak-like jaws.
		As with most other turtles, hawksbills only come out of the water to breed, digging nests in the sand in which to lay eggs and returning to the sea after laying.
		Hawksbills are listed by the IUCN as an Endangered species.
	www.bbc.co.uk /nature/wildfacts/factfiles/932.shtml (267 words)

	The Hawksbill Turtle
		This is a portrait of Keoki, a Hawaiian hawksbill we've met at Honokowai.
		Despite protective legislation, international trade in hawksbill shells and subsistence use of meat and eggs continue unabated in many countries and pose a significant threat to the survival of the species in the region.
		Hawksbills will nest on small pocket beaches and, because of their small body size and agility, can cross fringing reefs that limit access by other species.
	www.turtles.org /hawksd.htm (1075 words)

	Village of Parismina, Costa Rica - Turtle Project
		The turtle season is longer in Parismina than in neighboring Tortuguero because of the large number of leatherback sea turtles that nest in the fl sand dunes of the beaches near Parismina.
		Leatherback turtles are not generally killed by poachers for their meat, which is described as having a disagreeable texture and flavor.
		These turtles are hunted for both their eggs and their meat, which is widely held to be the most delicious of all the sea turtle species.
	www.parismina.com /turtle.htm (1054 words)

	Species Profiles — OBIS-SEAMAP (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Hawksbill turtles can be identified by their richly patterned, overlapping costal scutes and obvious serrations on their marginal scutes.
		The hawksbill turtle is found throughout the world’s tropical oceans, although the species has in rare instances been found as far north as Massachusetts on the Atlantic coast of the U.S. The U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service has designated Mona Island and Monito Island in Puerto Rico as critical habitat.
		The hawksbill sea turtle is classified as critically endangered by the IUCN and is listed as endangered in the U.S. Demand for the beautiful shell has resulted in the harvest of great numbers of this turtle.
	seamap.env.duke.edu /species/tsn/173836 (628 words)

	CCC & STSL :: Press Release - Illegal Hawksbill Turtle Jewelry Confiscated
		These operations were the latest actions, which preceded an education campaign targeting local artisans warning them of the endangered status of hawksbill turtles and the illegal nature of this activity under Costa Rican legislation.
		Hawksbill sea turtles are critically endangered and are protected under national laws of nations throughout the world, and their sale internationally is restricted.
		One of the hottest issues discussed during the recent CITES meeting in Kenya, Africa, 2000, was the Cuban proposal to downlist the hawksbill turtle from Appendix 1 to Appendix 2 of CITES allowing international commerce from Cuba to Japan.
	www.cccturtle.org /news/n_cr_hb_jewelry.htm (607 words)

	International Year of the Ocean - Sea Turtles - Page 4 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The hawksbill sea turtle is a small to medium sea turtle with a very attractively colored shell of thick overlapping scales.
		This shell is the source of "tortoise shell." Hawksbill turtles have a distinct, hawk-like beak.
		The hawksbill turtle is a shy tropical reef dwelling species that feeds primarily on sponges.
	www.yoto98.noaa.gov /books/turtles/turtle4.htm (148 words)

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